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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radio-Retentionselektrophorese: ein quantitatives und spezifisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung einzelner Proteine im Nanogrammbereich (1968)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 46 (1968), S. 46-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Electrophoresis in agar containing antibodies can be combined with subsequent autoradiography (radioretention electrophoresis) which allows quantitative and specific determination of a few nanograms of antigen, e.g. human albumin. Techniques and application range of the method as well as some results of blood level determinations are reported.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wie am Beispiel des Humanalbumins gezeigt wird, lassen sich durch Kombination von Elektrophorese in antikörperhaltigem Agar mit Autoradiographie (Radio-Retentionselektrophorese) wenige Nanogramm Antigen quantitativ und spezifisch nachweisen. Technik und Anwendungsbereich der Methodik sowie einige Resultate der Blutspiegelbestimmung werden mitgeteilt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01725301
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proof of the linearity of the pharmacokinetics of alinidine in man (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1981), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: alinidine ; pharmacokinetics ; radioimmunoassay ; computer model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of alinidine was investigated in two groups of volunteers: Group I (N=5) received on two different occasions single doses of14C-labelled drug given orally (40 mg) or intravenously (10 mg); Group II (N=6) received single oral doses 10, 30 or 90 mg dissolved in 20 ml water. The samples from Group I were analysed by two different and independent methods (RIA and counting total radioactivity). The results obtained by the two methods were identical, since the compound was not metabolized. The plasma concentrations and renal excretion data obtained from both groups were individually fitted to an open three compartment model. Independent of the route of administration and of the doses given, similar pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for each group and each trial. The half lives of the distribution and elimination phases were t1/2α: 36–41 s, t1/2β : 9.9–11.1 min and t1/2γ: 2.7–3.8 h. There was a linear relationship between the dose administered and the resulting areas under the plasma concentration curves (AUC). Following a lag period (τ=0.19–0.22 h), the peak plasma concentration was reached 0.6–1.2 h after oral administration. Oral alinidine was 100% bioavailable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00627921
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New aspects of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clonidine in man (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clonidine ; bioavailability ; blood pressure ; elimination half-life ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma catecholamines ; rebound phenomenon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using considerably improved analytical methods, the kinetics and effects of clonidine were observed in healthy volunteers over periods of time more than 3 times longer than those previously reported. The high sensitivity and small work load of the newly developed method permitted the performance of low-dose and multipledose trials. 1. The complete bioavailability of clonidine and its elimination half-life (20 to 25.5 h) remained constant after single and multiple doses. 2. Approximately 62% of a given dose was excreted unchanged in the urine, independent of the quantity administered (0.075, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 or 0.3 mg), the drug formulation (solution, tablet, Perlonget) or of the mode of administration (i.v., p.o.; single or multiple doses). 3. As the pharmacokinetics of the drug were affected by entero-hepatic circulation, it cannot be described by a conventional, open one or two compartment model. 4. The time courses of the plasma clonidine concentration and its drug effects ran asynchronously. 5. On cessation of chronic clonidine administration, blood pressure and plasma catecholamine levels increased to pretreatment levels without exhibiting any “overshoot” reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613922
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of transdermally administered clonidine (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clonidine ; transdermal application ; pharmacodynamic effect ; pharmacokinetics ; side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clonidine was applied to the skin of healthy volunteers once weekly by means of a Transdermal Therapeutic System (TTS). The plasma concentration and renal excretion of clonidine, and its effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded for 7 days, followed by a three-day observation period when a second TTS was applied. Subjective side effects were semiquantitatively recorded. Four differents TTS formulations were tested; of which TTS-RP 600679 was the most effective. Following application of this formulation, the plasma level of the drug built-up up during the first 2 days and then remained stable for 120 h at therapeutic concentrations between 0.5 and 0.7 ng/ml; MAP was consistently reduced. During the steady state period the daily urinary clonidine excretion was in the same range as during chronic administration of Catapres tablets 0.15 mg every 12 h, or Catapres Perlongets 0.25 mg every 24 h. Transdermal clonidine applications renewed weekly provide the following therapeutic advantages: 1. patients are protected continuously throughout the entire steady state period; 2. daily fluctuations in plasma clonidine concentration are minimized, which may result in a marked reduction in side effects; and, 3. drug compliance should be improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00546713
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of Kö 592 in man, dog and rat (1973)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 277 (1973), S. 349-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Beta-adrenolytic Agents ; Pharmacokinetics ; Drug Metabolism ; Conjugates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentration, renal and faecal excretion, absorption and metabolism of the tritiated beta-adrenergic blocker Kö 592 were studied in man, dog and rat. The substance was absorbed to an extent of 90–100% in all species (rat within 30 min, dog within 80 min, man within 120 min). The half-life of radio-activity in the plasma was 3 h in man and dog, in the rat blood 11 h. Excretion is almost complete within the first 12 h in man and dog. While 10–20% of the substance appears in the faeces in rats, elimination in the dog and man is almost exclusively renal. Kö 592 is completely metabolized. The metabolites were isolated from urine and identified by mass spectrometry. With individual variations, 31% of the metabolites of man and dog were present as methylphenoxy lactic acid, 20% as p-hydroxy-Kö 592 and 50% as conjugates. Man conjugates only with glucuronic acid, the dog conjugates 50% with sulphate and 50% with glucuronide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500995
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A solid phase radioimmunoassay for digoxin and its acylated derivatives (1975)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 287 (1975), S. 309-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay ; Digoxin Derivatives ; Bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) is presented for the determination of digoxin and its acylated derivatives. In the procedure the antiserum is covalently bound to bromacetylcellulose. Therefore the free and the immunologically bound digoxin fractions can easily be separated by centrifuging. The radioactivity in the supernatant representing the unbound digoxin is proportional to the digoxin concentration in the sample. This modification of the RIA for digoxin is far more time saving than the separation procedure using dextran-coated charcoal as an absorbent; nevertheless both methods are equally sensitive, specific and reliable. The use of the solid phase assay is demonstrated comparing the bioavailability of various digoxin derivatives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501476
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