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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 204 (1995), S. 427-435 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Activin A ; Vegetalizing factor ; Endoderm Organizer ; Cell interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Differentiation tendency and the inducing ability of the presumptive ectoderm of newt early gastrulae were examined after treatment with activin A at a high concentration (100 ng/ml). The activin-treated ectoderm differentiated preferentially into yolk-rich endodermal cells. Combination explants consisting of three pieces of activin-treated ectoderm formed neural tissues and axial mesoderm along with endodermal cells. However, the neural tissue was poorly organized and never showed any central nervous system characteristics. When the activin-treated ectoderm was sandwiched between two sheets of untreated ectoderm, the sandwich explants differentiated into trunk-tail or head structures depending on the duration of preculture of activin-treated ectoderm in Holtfreter's solution. Short-term (0–5 h) precultured ectoderm induced trunk-tail structures accompanied by axial organs, alimentary canal and beating heart. The arrangement of the explant tissues and organs was similar to that of normal embryos. However, archencephalic structures, such as forebrain and eye, were lacking or deficient. On the other hand, long-term (10–25 h) precultured ectoderm induced archencephalic structures in addition to axial organs. Lineage analysis of the sandwich explants using fluorescent dyes revealed that the activin-treated ectoderm mainly differentiated into endodermal cells and induced axial mesoderm and central nervous system in the untreated ectoderm. These results suggest that activin A is one of the substances involved in triggering endodermal differentiation and that the presumptive ectoderm induced to form endoderm displays “trunk-tail organizer” or “head organizer” effects, depending on the duration of preculture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 209 (1999), S. 625-628 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Tbx2 ; Optomotor-blind ; Xenopus ; Cement gland ; Dorsal root ganglia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We report here the cloning and expression of the Xenopus orthologue of the T-box transcription factor gene Tbx2 (optomotor-blind in Drosophila). Tbx2 is first detected in the ventral mesodermal cells just above the yolk plug at late gastrula. At the neurula stage it is strongly expressed in the cement gland, dorsal root ganglia, and otic vesicle region. At the tailbud stage strong Tbx2 expression is observed in the dorsal part of the optic cup and trigeminal ganglia, and it is also expressed in the branchial arches, heart anlage, nasal pit, proctodeum, and the region around the pronephros.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 301-308 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Entoderm verschiedener Entwicklungsstadien vonTriturus alpestris wurde zusammen mit Ektoderm aus frühen Gastrulastadien nach der Sandwich-Methode explantiert. 2. Entoderm aller Entwicklungsstadien von der ungefurchten Eizelle bis zum Larvenstadium induzierte im Ektoderm Organe, die sich aus dem Mesoderm herleiten. Entoderm aus ungefurchten Eiern und 4-Zell-Stadien induzierte nur Blut und Coelomepithel, während Entoderm aus den anderen Stadien auch Muskel, Chorda und Pronephros induzierte. Blastula-Entoderm hat das höchste Induktionsvermögen. 3. Histologisch erkennbares Darmepithel wurde in geringer Menge ebenfalls induziert. Das explantierte Entoderm selbst zeigte nur Differenzierungen, wenn es aus 8–64 Zellstadien bis zu frühen Gastrulastadien entnommen war.
    Notes: Summary 1. Using embryos ofTriturus alpestris, a piece of the endoderm of successive stages was explanted together with ectoderm of early gastrulae by the sandwich method. 2. In all series—from the uncleaved egg to the larval stage—endoderm induced mesoderm-derived organs in the ectoderm. Endoderm from uncleaved eggs and 4-cell stages induced only blood and coelomic epithelium, whereas endoderm from the other stages also induced muscle, notochord, and pronephric tubules to a varying degree. Blastula endoderm had the highest inducing activity. 3. Small amounts of intestine were also induced in the ectoderm in some cases. The explanted endoderm itself showed differentiation only when taken from the 8–64 cell stage to early gastrula stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Amphibian inductive interactions; anuran embryonic induction; urodele inductive interactions; activin action; mesoderm induction.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. As a first step towards providing a conceptual approach to understanding similarities and differences in the mechanisms which guide inductive interactions among related organisms (e.g. various amphibia), a set of five principles is offered here. These principles were formulated by analyzing literature examples of classical embryological phenomena and by performing experiments with activin, a peptide growth factor which is currently suspected to play for a role in mesoderm induction. Mechanisms which account, at least in part, for the observed differences between anuran and urodele inductive processes can be derived from these principles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 209 (1999), S. 560-563 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words T-box gene ; Brachyury ; Early mesoderm ; Notochord tailbud
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The Xenopus Brachyury-like Xbra3 gene is a novel T-box gene that is closely associated with Xenopus Brachyury. The expression pattern of Xbra3 during development is similar to that of Xbra. During gastrulation Xbra3 is expressed in the marginal zone, with a gradient of increasing expression from ventral to dorsal. In the early neurula stage Xbra3 is expressed in the notochord and posterior mesoderm, but by the tailbud stage its expression is restricted to the forming tailbud and the posterior portion of the notochord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 210 (2000), S. 325-327 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Xenopus ; Ran ; Small GTP-binding protein ; Embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The Ran gene family encodes small GTP binding proteins that are associated with a variety of nuclear processes. We isolated a Xenopus Ran cDNA and analyzed the pattern of expression of this gene during embryogenesis. Ran is expressed maternally and later in the CNS, neural crest, mesenchyme, eyes, and otic vesicles. However, expression is not detected in the somites or the notochord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Differentiation and Development 27 (1989), S. 53 
    ISSN: 0922-3371
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Differentiation and Development 27 (1989), S. 71 
    ISSN: 0922-3371
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 187 (1992), S. 347-352 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Keywords: [abr] EDF; erythroid differentiation factor ; [abr] EGF; epidermal growth factor ; [abr] EPO; erythropoietin ; [abr] FGF; fibroblast growth factor ; [abr] HMBA; hexamethylene bisacetamide ; [abr] IL; interleukin ; [abr] MEL; mouse erythroleukemia ; [abr] NGF; nerve growth factor ; [abr] PBS; phosphate-buffered saline ; [abr] PDGF; platelet-derived growth factor ; [abr] RA; retinoic acid ; [abr] TGF; transforming growth factor
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 202 (1994), S. 484-489 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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