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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk factors for infection byPseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (1994)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 20 (1994), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Ventilator-associated pneumonia ; Risk factors ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective to investigate the epidemiology of infection byPseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Design prospective clinical study. Setting a medical-surgical ICU in a university hospital. Patients we followed-up 568 mechanically ventilated patients and 83 episodes of VAP with etiologic diagnosis in 72 patients were retained for analysis. Results Ps. aeruginosa was isolated in 22 (26.5%) episodes in 18 patients. Of these episodes 7 were directly responsible for death. Using logistic regression analysis, the risk of VAP due toPs. aeruginosa was increased in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (relative risk (RR)=29.9, 95% confidence interval (CI)=4.86-184.53), a mechanical ventilation period longer than 8 days (RR=8.1, 95% CI=1.01-65.40) and prior use of antibiotics (RR=5.5, 95% CI=0.88-35.01). Conclusions patients with VAP and these factors have a greater risk of infection byPs. aeruginosa and empirical therapy for these episodes should include anti-pseudomonal activity until etiologic diagnosis is established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01704699
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic whole-cell fatty acid analysis as an aid for the identification of mixed mycobacterial cultures
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 617 (1993), S. 299-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-4347(93)80502-U
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of Antibodies against Glycolipids from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall in Aerosol Murine Models of Tuberculosis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 55 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Evolution of antibodies against glycolipids from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall has been studied for the first time in experimental murine models of tuberculosis induced by aerosol, in which infection, reinfection, reactivation, prophylaxis and treatment with antibiotics have been assayed. Results show a significant humoral response against these antigens, where diacyltrehaloses (DAT) and sulpholipid I (SL-I) elicited higher antibody levels than protein antigens like antigen 85 protein complex (Ag85), culture filtrate proteins (CFP) and purified protein derivative (PPD). Only immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies have been detected against DAT and SL-I. Their evolution has a positive correlation with bacillary concentration in tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01088.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards a ‘Human-like’ Model of Tuberculosis: Intranasal Inoculation of LPS Induces Intragranulomatous Lung Necrosis in Mice Infected Aerogenically with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It is well known that one of the differences between murine and human tuberculosis is the lack of intragranulomatous necrosis in the former. The aim of this study was to create a feasible and reproducible model of an experimental model of murine tuberculosis in which this necrosis should be present. Considering the Shwartzman reaction as a possible explanation for intragranulomatous necrosis in human tuberculosis, C57Bl/6 mice, infected aerogenically with a virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, were intranasally inoculated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on day 19 postinfection (p.i.). Twenty-four hours later, neutrophils infiltrated the lung parenchyma in a significant level, and 10 days after necrosis could be detected in the centres of primary granulomas, that showed scanty macrophages and large amounts of collagen on an eosinophilic background. On the other hand, a significant decrease in the concentration of colony forming units (CFU) could be appreciated 24 h after the LPS inoculation. Afterwards, nonbronchogenic spreading of granulomas increased and higher levels of interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA were detected. These results lend support to the Shwartzman reaction as the origin of the intragranulomatous necrosis in the M. tuberculosis infection, and provides a useful tool to improve experimental murine models in tuberculosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00842.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative evaluation of two commercial assays for direct detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory specimens (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 17 (1998), S. 151-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Detection ; Respiratory specimens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two commercial systems for the amplification and detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosis directly from respiratory samples were compared. The Roche Cobas Amplicor MTB Test and the Roche manual Amplicor MTB Test (Roche Diagnostic Systems, USA) were applied to 755 decontaminated respiratory specimens collected from 470 patients. Results were compared with those of acid-fast staining and culture. A total of 251 specimens were collected from 156 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, including 28 specimens corresponding to 13 patients that were receiving antituberculous treatment. Given the overall positivity rate of 33.2% (251/755), the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 92.4, 100, 100, and 96.5%, respectively, for the Cobas Amplicor MTB Test and 90.8, 100, 100, and 95.8%, respectively, for the Amplicor MTB Test. For 204 (81.3%) smear positive specimens and 47 (19.7%) smear negative specimens, the sensitivity values were 100 and 59.6%, respectively, for the Cobas Amplicor MTB Test and 100 and 51%, respectively, for the Amplicor MTB Test. There were no statistically significant differences in sensitivity or specificity between the two assays and culture (p〉0.05). The overall results of both assays were concordant for 99.5% of the samples. It is concluded that although both nucleic acid amplification methods are rapid and specific for the detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens, the Cobas Amplicor MTB Test appears to be slightly more sensitive than the Amplicor MTB Test when smear negative specimens are investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01691110
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endocarditis and acute renal failure due toErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 15 (1996), S. 347-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01695671
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a Commercial Probe Assay for Detection of Rifampin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Directly from Respiratory and Nonrespiratory Clinical Samples (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 17 (1998), S. 189-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Keywords: Key words Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Rifampin resistance ; Probe assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A commercial assay (Inno-Line Probe Assay; Innogenetics, Belgium) was evaluated to determine its ability to detect rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from clinical specimens. Fifty-nine selected specimens (42 respiratory and 17 nonrespiratory) culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were tested along with their corresponding isolates in culture. The results were compared with those obtained by in vitro susceptibility testing. The results of the line probe assay to detect rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis present in clinical specimens and in cultured isolates were concordant for 58 of 59 (98.3%) isolates (95% confidence limits = 90.9–99.9%). The line probe assay failed only once, when a fecal specimen was tested; no amplification was observed due to the presence of inhibitory compounds. The most frequently observed mutation was His526→Asp (58.7%), followed by the His526→Tyr (23.9%); together, they represented 82.6% of rifampin-resistant samples. In conclusion, the Inno-Line Probe Assay is a rapid, useful method for detecting the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and its resistance to rifampin directly from clinical specimens and culture. Moreover, since rifampin resistance is a potential marker for multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, this assay may constitute an important tool for the control of tuberculosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01691116
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multicenter clinical comparison of resincontaining bottles with standard aerobic and Anaerobic bottles for culture of microorganisms from blood (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 16 (1997), S. 669-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a study comparing the Bactec 9240 (Plus Aerobic/F and Anaerobic/F bottles, containing resins; Becton Dickinson, USA) and the Vital (standard aerobic and anaerobic bottles, with no additives; bioMérieux, France) blood culture systems, 6456 sets of four bottles of 9660 blood cultures submitted were evaluated. There were 531 clinically significant isolates from 795 positive blood cultures. Of the 531 positive blood cultures, 355 were positive in both systems, 141 with the Bactec 9240 alone, and 30 with the Vital alone (p 〈 0.001); five were not detected by either system. The average time to detection of positive cultures for the matched sets was 10.65 h and 18.41 h by the Bactec 9240 system and the Vital system, respectively. The false-positive rate per bottle was 0.65% in the Bactec 9240 and 0.71 % in the Vital. The rate of false-negative pairs (i.e., major errors) was very low (0.12% for the Bactec 9240, 0.19% for the Vital) and not significantly different between the two systems. The striking differences in recovery of microorganisms may be due to the presence of resins in the Bactec medium. However, the observed superiority of the Bactec 9240, even for patients not receiving antibiotics, suggests that resins adsorb other inhibitors present in patients' blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01708557
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative Evaluation of Two Commercial Assays for Direct Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Respiratory Specimens (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 17 (1998), S. 151-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Keywords: Key words Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Detection ; Respiratory specimens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Two commercial systems for the amplification and detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from respiratory samples were compared. The Roche Cobas Amplicor MTB Test and the Roche manual Amplicor MTB Test (Roche Diagnostic Systems, USA) were applied to 755 decontaminated respiratory specimens collected from 470 patients. Results were compared with those of acid-fast staining and culture. A total of 251 specimens were collected from 156 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, including 28 specimens corresponding to 13 patients that were receiving antituberculous treatment. Given the overall positivity rate of 33.2% (251/755), the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 92.4, 100, 100, and 96.5%, respectively, for the Cobas Amplicor MTB Test and 90.8, 100, 100, and 95.8%, respectively, for the Amplicor MTB Test. For 204 (81.3%) smear positive specimens and 47 (19.7%) smear negative specimens, the sensitivity values were 100 and 59.6%, respectively, for the Cobas Amplicor MTB Test and 100 and 51%, respectively, for the Amplicor MTB Test. There were no statistically significant differences in sensitivity or specificity between the two assays and culture (p〉0.05). The overall results of both assays were concordant for 99.5% of the samples. It is concluded that although both nucleic acid amplification methods are rapid and specific for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens, the Cobas Amplicor MTB Test appears to be slightly more sensitive than the Amplicor MTB Test when smear negative specimens are investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01691110
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospective Study of Community-Acquired Pneumonia of Bacterial Etiology in Adults (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 18 (1999), S. 852-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The aim of this study was to prospectively analyze the bacterial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in Spain. From May 1994 to February 1996, 392 episodes of CAP diagnosed in the emergency department of a 600-bed university hospital were studied. An etiological diagnosis based on noninvasive microbiological investigations was achieved in 228 cases (58%); 173 of these diagnoses were definitive and 55 probable. Streptococcus pneumoniae, which caused 23.9% of the episodes, was the predominant pathogen observed, followed by Chlamydia pneumoniae (13.5%) and Legionella pneumophila (12.5%). Other less frequent pathogens found were Haemophilus influenzae (2.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.5%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (1.3%), Coxiella burnetii (1%), Moraxella catarrhalis (2 cases), Nocardia spp. (2 cases), and Staphylococcus aureus (2 cases). Streptococcus pneumoniae was significantly more frequent in patients with underlying disease and/or age ≥60 years (28% vs 13%, P=0.002), while Legionella pneumophila was more frequent in patients below 60 years of age and without underlying disease (20% vs 9%, P=0.006). Likewise, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila were the most frequent etiologies in patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit, occurring in 29% and 26.3% of the patients, respectively. In addition to Streptococcus pneumoniae, other microorganisms such as Chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella spp. should be seriously considered in adults with community-acquired pneumonia when initiating empiric treatment or ordering rapid diagnostic tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100960050419
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