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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nipple discharge disorders: current diagnostic management and the role of fiber-ductoscopy (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 583-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Breast ; Nipple discharge ; Ductography ; Fiber-ductoscopy ; Papilloma ; Diagnosis ; Nonpalpable breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Nipple discharge disorders is a field in which there has been both increasing awareness on the part of patients and advances in management. Today secretion from nipples can be classified according to its color, cellularity and biology. To be significant a discharge should be true, spontaneous, persistent and non-lactational. Moreover there are methods to differentiate patients who require surgical intervention from those who do not. Surgically significant nipple discharges are watery, serous (yellow), serosanguineous and bloody. Cytology smears of discharge material have helped to classify the cellular material, providing information about normality, atypia and malignancy and also about papillary formation of the exfoliated cells. Tests such as Hemoccult help to discover occult blood in the secreted fluid. Modern immunological tests can be performed on cytology smears where occurrence of high levels of carcinoembryonic antigen could indicate a latent malignancy. Galactography investigation is today the state-of-the-art approach to investigate patients with nipple discharge disorders and this examination can demonstrate the size, location and extent of an intraductal abnormality. Modern high-resolution ultrasound techniques are helpful in visualizing intraductal disorders and are becoming a good complementary approach if not an alternative to traditional radiology techniques. Recently even MR galactography has been shown to be of diagnostic value, but not as informative as regular galactography. The most sophisticated investigation method, which can also be used therapeutically, is fiber-ductoscopy of the concerned duct in a breast. This technique, although expensive and in its infancy, is a fascinating and promising approach for inspecting the intraductal lumina. In this article the background, current investigation methods and possibilities of the technique are described, as well as the most sophisticated ways to deal with nipple discharge disorders in human breasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050715
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging breasts with silicone implants (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 349-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Augmented breasts ; Silicon breasts ; Breast imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Over the last two decades, the use of breast implants both for breast augmentation and for breast reconstruction following mastectomy has increased substantially. It is estimated that around two million women have undergone breast augmentation, while hundreds of thousands have had breast reconstruction surgery. Different types of material have been used for breast implants, but silicone gel implants have been the dominating implant type. Many implants can lead to complications, such as hardening and rupture, and may therefore need in vivo evaluation by imaging, particularly if they lead to clinical symptoms. They can also pose problems in the assessment of surrounding breast tissue by conventional mammography. In this respect, imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging offer greater possibilities to assess a failing implant, as well as surrounding breast tissue. Several factors, mainly of a psychological nature, lead to requests for breast implants. In this review article, only the imaging aspects of breasts with silicone gel implants will be dealt with. Each modality is concisely presented with its possibilities and limitations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050679
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary habits and mammographic patterns in patients with breast cancer (1993)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 26 (1993), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; dietary habits ; fat intake ; mammographic patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Between 1983 and 1986, dietary history interviews were conducted with 238 women aged 50–65 years who had surgery for stage I–II breast cancer. Diagnostic mammograms were coded in line with Wolfe's criteria in N1, P1, P2, and Dy patterns. Women with Dy pattern reported significantly higher intake of total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids (FA), polyunsaturated FA, n-3 FA, n-6 FA in per cent of energy (E%), and α-tocopherol in mg/10 MJ. Fat intake was lowest in women with N1 pattern and highest in those having Dy pattern. Patients having ER-rich cancers and Dy pattern reported significantly higher intake of total fat, monounsaturated FA, polyunsaturated FA, n-6 FA (E%), and α-tocopherol (mg/10 MJ), as well as significantly lower intake of carbohydrate (E%) and calcium (g/10 MJ). In the stepwise multivariate analysis, the multivariate-odds ratio (OR) for having P2 + Dy patterns was 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.12) for each increment in E% of total fat. In women with ER-rich tumors this OR was 1.09 (95% CI, 1.02–1.16). The highest self-reported body mass index (BMI) was observed in women with N1 + P1 patterns. OR for having P2 + Dy patterns was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.83–0.98) for each increment in 1 kg/m2 of BMI. The results suggest that dietary habits affect the mammographic parenchymal pattern in women with breast cancer and that a high fat intake is associated with a higher proportion of mammograms with Dy pattern in such patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665798
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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