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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coincidences among the Maryland and Rome Gravitational Wave Detector Data and the Mont Blanc and Kamioka Neutrino Detector Data in the Period of SN1987A (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 571 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb50543.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive binding assay for quantitative determination of GM1 ganglioside in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 10 (1992), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0731-7085
    Keywords: GM1 ; GM1 analysis ; cerebrospinal fluid ; competitive binding assay. ; ganglioside
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0731-7085(92)80024-H
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic laser beam alignment for a Thomson scattering system (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1482-1484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A system for the automatic alignment of a pulsed ruby laser beam is under development for the Thomson scattering diagnostics of RFX, a large reversed-field pinch machine now under construction. In this experiment the laser will be 11 m from the machine and the beam alignment at the 750×4-mm scattering volume will be actively maintained to within 0.5 mm. The beam direction in space is measured in two reference planes fixed to the collection optics frame by means of two 80-mm2 fast quadrant photodiodes. A double-channel preamplifier is used for each quadrant in order to measure both the 30-ns FWHM ruby pulse and a low-power cw He–Ne beam propagating through the same optical path. Every time the main laser is fired, the relative direction of the two beams is determined so that the position of the He–Ne beam can be used for feedback control of the steering optics between plasma shots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139694
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple analytical model of gain saturation in microchannel plate devices (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 247-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We derive, discuss, and test against experimental data an analytical model of the gain saturation in microchannel plate (MCP) devices. By introducing a simple recharging circuit for each dynode, we extend the well-known, unsaturated gain model of Eberhardt to a microchannel operating in condition of gain saturation and show that the amplification of a current pulse and the voltage drop along the channel can be described by a pair of coupled differential equations. Solutions of these equations are given in various conditions, including an approximate solution, valid in the case of weak saturation and a general solution in implicit form. The behavior of a microchannel operating in current mode is studied by finding the transient and steady-state solutions obtained with an input step current wave form. Exact solutions are given for the charge gain of pulses with a short duration, compared to the dynode recharging time, and for the gain recovery of a microchannel after the amplification of a short pulse. The single channel saturation model is then extended to multistage MCP assemblies by taking into account the statistical distribution of the photoelectrons at the input and the spread of the multiplied electron cloud in the interplate gaps. The expressions found in this way are used for the best fit of experimental data from a Z-stack MCP photomultiplier operated in single and double pulse mode. Satisfactory agreement between the model and experimental data is obtained in the case of single pulse measurements, finding a reduced chi squared χ2=4.67. Less satisfactory agreement is found for double pulse data, giving χ2=7.46 and a clear indication that the model may be significantly improved by taking into account the charge redistribution among the dynodes during the recharging process, neglected in the present formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144791
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thomson scattering measurements in the RFX reversed field pinch : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 718-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The first systematic measurements of the electron temperature (Te) spatial profile have been obtained in the reversed field pinch experiment RFX with a single pulse Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostic. Scattered light from a ruby laser pulse (E≤15 J, Δt=30 ns) is collected through three objectives from 10 positions along a diameter in the plasma equatorial plane, with a spatial resolution of 2.5 cm. Plasma discharges with current in the range 700–900 kA have been investigated finding evidence of a quite flat Te profile. Data dispersion significantly greater than experimental uncertainties provides an indication of remarkable plasma fluctuations. Results are in good agreement with Te measurements from other single chord spectroscopic diagnostics (SiLi detector and SXR double filter), showing a reliable operation down to an electron density ne=3×1019 m−3. Integration of this apparatus with a ND:YLF laser system for multipulse Thomson scattering measurements, sharing the same input optics, is under way. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147762
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Frascati Tokamak Upgrade Thomson scattering system: The optical and spectral analysis equipments (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4403-4409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An overall view of the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (F.T.U.) Thomson scattering system is illustrated and particular attention is paid to the optical and spectral analysis equipments. The system includes the laser source, the collection optics, a set of filter polychromators, all the electronic equipments necessary to collect the data relevant to the scattered light and to send them to the F.T.U. data acquisition system. The features of this system can be summarized as follows: rejection to laser wavelength: ≥107, laser energy: ≥5 J, overall optical efficiency: ≥40%, and capability of multiple time and space measurements on the Thomson scattered light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143741
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a multipoint Thomson scattering system for a large reversed field pinch experiment : Eighth topical conference on high−temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 2846-2848 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A multipoint Thomson scattering system is under development for the measurement of Te and ne spatial profiles in RFX, a large (a=0.48 m, R=2 m, I≤2 MA) reversed field pinch experiment. In this system, the beam from a low divergence ruby laser (E=15 J, Δt=30 ns) is focused to cross the plasma in the equatorial plane. The scattering signal from 30 locations along a plasma diameter is collected by means of high transmission fiber optic bundles. An effective viewing dump was obtained by engraving sharp poloidal grooves in the first wall graphite tiles. The scattering light spectra are analyzed by means of three spectrometers, each including an F/3.4, aberration corrected, holographic grating and a 40-mm-diam MCP photomultiplier with a 10×10 anode array. These detectors use a high strip current, V-plate, electron multiplier with 105 electron gain and have a recovery time of less than 30 μs. In the 300-channel data acquisition electronics, the plasma light background may be sampled 100 ns before the scattering pulse. The system is designed in order to achieve a spatial resolution of 2.5 cm, useful to study small-scale correlation phenomena, and will also measure fast, submillisecond fluctuations of Te and ne by exploiting the two-pulse capability of the laser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141802
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Method for calibrating resonant-mass gravitational wave detectors (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simple and accurate method of calibrating the response of a resonant-mass gravitational wave detector to an impulsive signal is discussed. The procedure automatically includes the effects of the detection electronics chain and any filtering algorithm that is applied. The method provides a direct measure of the frequency dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) referred to a signal that has a white frequency spectrum. Measurement of this quantity allows us to determine the pulse detection noise temperature that can be obtained by optimum linear filtering of the detector output. Experimental results are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141877
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronics for microchannel plate detectors of a Thomson scattering system : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4944-4946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe electronics developed for the operation of multianode microchannel plate (MCP) photomultipliers in a multipoint Thomson scattering system. A pulsed, digitally programmable high voltage power supply with current feedback and a built-in protection circuit has been designed to bias the detector in safe conditions, taking into account the nonlinear behavior of the MCP resistance. The 180-V photocathode voltage is switched by a fast, current driven, optically coupled metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. Gating pulses with 10-ns rise time and 50–500-ns programmable duration are generated with negligible noise at the output anodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143505
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apparatus for multipoint Thomson scattering measurements in the ETA-BETA II reversed field pinch experiment (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1027-1029 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A multipoint Thomson scattering apparatus under development for the measurement of spatial Te and ne profiles in the ETA-BETA II reverse field pinch experiment is described. The apparatus is based upon the two-channel analysis method already adopted in the TFR tokamak. The 90° scattered light is collected simultaneously from seven spatial positions along a plasma diameter by means of high-efficiency, quartz, fiber-optic light guides. The detection system consists of a set of high aperture (f/2.4), plane grating, Littrow spectrometers developed to match the high throughput of the collection optics. These instruments employ photomultipliers with a GaAs photocathode (quantum efficiency (approximately-equal-to)20%, λ=700 nm) and have a stray light rejection ratio of 3×10−4. Laboratory tests and preliminary measurements in ETA-BETA II have shown good sensitivity and a S/N ratio sufficient to diagnose plasmas with ne≥1013 cm−3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138524
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