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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heart rate reactivity and heart period variability throughout the first year after heart transplantation (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 33 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Heart rate reactivity to mental stress is substantially blunted early after heart transplantation, suggesting that the loss of neural modulation limits the cardiovascular response to mental stress. We tested whether reactivity to mental stress recovers during the first year after heart transplantation. Hemodynamic and respiratory responses to mental arithmetic challenge were studied in 20 heart transplant recipients 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. A normal comparison group was studied at equivalent intervals. Heart rate reactivity to mental arithmetic was significantly reduced in the cardiac transplant group compared to the normal subjects. This effect persisted up to 1 year after transplantation. Heart period variability in the heart transplant recipients was minimal in all three-test sessions. The findings suggest that no functional reinnervation or other compensatory adaptation occurs up to 1 year after heart transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb02108.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heart Rate Variability: Measurement and Clinical Utility (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2XG , UK . : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
    Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology 10 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1542-474X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electrocardiographic RR intervals fluctuate cyclically, modulated by ventilation, baroreflexes, and other genetic and environmental factors that are mediated through the autonomic nervous system. Short term electrocardiographic recordings (5 to 15 minutes), made under controlled conditions, e.g., lying supine or standing or tilted upright can elucidate physiologic, pharmacologic, or pathologic changes in autonomic nervous system function. Long-term, usually 24-hour recordings, can be used to assess autonomic nervous responses during normal daily activities in health, disease, and in response to therapeutic interventions, e.g., exercise or drugs. RR interval variability is useful for assessing risk of cardiovascular death or arrhythmic events, especially when combined with other tests, e.g., left ventricular ejection fraction or ventricular arrhythmias.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-474X.2005.10101.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Multicenter Research Group (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1542-474X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-474X.2002.tb00174.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Antiarrhythmic Drug Efficacy in Patients with an ICD: (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 10 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Antiarrhythmic Drug Efficacy in Patients with an ICD. There are a number of novel ways in which implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) endpoints can he used in clinical trials to evaluate antiarrhythmic drugs. The advances in ICD technology (storage, retrieval, and accurate interpretation of ICD electrograms) expand the potential to include the use of an ICD endpoint as a clinical surrogate for sudden death. The ICD also provides the necessary safety net to test new drugs. The frequent need for‘antiarrhythmic drugs in patients already fitted with an ICD (e.g., for atrial fibrillation) necessitates knowledge of the drugs' effect on defibrillator threshold. There are interpretative problems and challenges associated with all types of ICD trials. A particular difficult issue is the degree to which the results of data on antiarrhythmic drug efficacy and safety acquired in the context of an ICD endpoint trial might he extrapolated to patient populations in which the device is not used. These and other challenging issues are discussed, with the goal of enhancing the design and interpretation of clinical trials featuring ICD endpoints.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00212.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Cardiovascular Practice: Report of the Policy Conference of the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of interventional cardiology 4 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.1991.tb00795.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ambulatory Electrocardiogram-Based Tracking of T Wave Alternans in Postmyocardial Infarction Patients to Assess Risk of Cardiac Arrest or Arrhythmic Death (2003)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 14 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction: This is the first study to assess T wave alternans (TWA) analyzed from routine ambulatory electrocardiograms (AECGs) to identify postmyocardial infarction (post-MI) patients at increased risk for arrhythmic events. Methods and Results: The new method of modified moving average (MMA) analysis was used to measure TWA magnitude in 24-hour AECGs from ATRAMI, a prospective study of 1,284 post-MI patients. Using a nested case-control approach, we defined cases as patients who experienced cardiac arrest due to documented ventricular fibrillation or arrhythmic death during the follow-up period of 21 ± 8 months. We analyzed 15 cases and 29 controls matched for sex, age, site of MI, left ventricular ejection fraction, thrombolysis, and beta-blockade therapy. TWA was reported as the maximum 15-second value at three predetermined times associated with cardiovascular stress: maximum heart rate, 8:00 A.M., and maximum ST segment deviation. TWA increased significantly from baseline in both leads at each time point (P ≪ 0.01) in cases and controls. TWA in V5 increased more in cases than controls during peak heart rate (P = 0.005) and at 8:00 A.M. (P = 0.02). A 4- to 7-fold higher odds of life-threatening arrhythmias was predicted by TWA level above the 75th percentile during maximum heart rate in leads V1 (odds ratio [OR] 4.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–16.3, P = 0.04) and V5 (OR 7.9, 95% CI: 1.9–33.1, P = 0.005). TWA at 8:00 A.M. also predicted risk in leads V1 (OR = 5.0, 95% CI: 1.2–20.5, P = 0.02) and V5 (OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.1–16.3, P = 0.04). Conclusion: TWA measurement from routine 24-hour AECGs is a promising approach for risk stratification for cardiac arrest and arrhythmic death in relatively low-risk post-MI patients. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 705-711, July 2003)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2003.03118.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Relationship Between Sinoatrial Conduction Time and Sinus Cycle Length Revisited (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 1 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In 1974 we reported an inverse relationship between sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) and sinus cycle length (SCL) during sinus arrhythmia utilizing the indirect atrial premature stimulation technique for estimating SACT, However, this behavior seemed anomalous try analogy with the AV node. Subsequent to 1974, methodological considerations about and limitations of the indirect techniques for estimating SACT became apparent, making us question our former impression. When the capability to directly record sinus node electrograms was developed and established in the 1980s, we had the means to reevaluate the SACT/SCL relationship. This report presents our findings in 40 patients: the SACT/SCL relationship is direct, not inverse. Moreover, we also show that during the phasic fluctuations of sinus arrhythmia, the P-P alterations are initiated more frequently by changes in sinoatrial conduction time than by changes in sinus cycle length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1990.tb01696.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BOOK REVIEW (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Futura Publishing, Inc.
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: edited by Ihor Gussak, and Charles Antzelevitch, coedited by Stephen C. Hammill, Win-Kuang Shen, Preben Bjerregaard. Humana Press Inc., Totowa, New Jersey, 2003
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2004.00402.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Duration of Induced Ventricular Tachycardia as Related to Clinically Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Programmed electrical stimulation has been extremely useful in the management of patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia or cardiac arrest. However, the definition of sustained ventricular tachycardia is controversial, and the relationship between the duration of induced ventricular tachycardia and the risk for spontaneous ventricular tachycardia has not been adequately defined. Thus, we examined the records of 64 patients with at least three beats of induced ventricular tachycardia during EP studies using single and double premature stimuli in sinus rhythm and during ventricular paced rhythm (two sites, up to three drive cycle lengths) and using ventricular burst pacing to correlate maximum length of induced ventricular tachycardia with the nature of their spontaneous arrhythmias. Forty-nine patients (77%) had ventricular tachycardia requiring intervention to terminate it, which we called sustained. Nine patients (14%) had ten or fewer beats of ventricular tachycardia; four patients (6%) had 11 to 20 beats of ventricular tachycardia; and two patients (3%) had more than 20 beats of ventricular tachycardia which did not require intervention for termination. Inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 92% for identifying patients with clinical sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. More than 20 beats of inducible ventricular tachycardia had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 92%. More than 10 beats of inducible ventricular tachycardia achieved a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 91% for identifying patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. The criteria used for the duration of inducible ventricular tachycardia are arbitrary and the interpretation of inducible nonsustained ventricular tachycardia must depend on the purpose of the test and the prior probability of each result.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1989.tb01540.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Issues in Subgroup Analyses and Meta-Analyses of Clinical Trials (2003)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 14 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This commentary discusses two techniques commonly used to analyze clinical trials: subgroup analysis and meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis is used to evaluate the consistency of a treatment across multiple groups, usually within a clinical trial. Subgroup analysis often is used to generate or test an hypothesis about risk factors or treatment responses. Meta-analysis (overview) is used primarily to summarize data from several randomized clinical trials and to evaluate consistency among trials. Meta-analysis is a formal way of summarizing the totality of information coming from well-conducted randomized clinical trials. The use and limitations of these two techniques are discussed. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. S6-S8, September 2003, Suppl.)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.14.s9.1.x
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