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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 21 (1982), S. 1363-1368 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: rRNA ; Eucaryotes ; Phylogeny ; Sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Due to their high information content and their particular mode of variation, large rRNA molecules potentially represent powerful indicators of phylogenetic relationships. Even partial sequences may suffice to generate reliable estimations, provided they correspond to well-chosen portions of the molecule. We have systematically analyzed a specific portion of the large rRNA (the region extending over nearly 400 nucleotides from the 5′ end) as a general index of eucaryotic phylogeny. By means of fast and direct rRNA sequencing, we have determined the sequence of this region for 20 additional eucaryotes, including several representatives of each vertebrate class, an invertebrate metazoan (mussel), a fungus (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), and three higher plants. Comparative treatment of these new data and previously reported rRNA sequences shows that this region can serve as an indicator of eucaryotic phylogeny for evaluating both long-range and short-range relationships. Its conservative domains appear to possess a rather uniform rate of nucleotide changes in all the eucaryotic lineages analyzed and the phylogenetic tree we derived agrees with classical views.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of the ribosomal genes and their ribosomal RNA (rRNA) products in the different compartments of the nucleolus of HeLa cells was examined on thin sections of Lowicryl embedded material. The ribosomal nucleic acids were visualized after hybridization with a set of biotinylated double-stranded ribosomal DNA (rDNA) probes from different locations along the gene, followed by immunogold labelling of biotin. Ribosomal genes were detected over both the entire fibrillar centres (FCs) and some masses of intranucleolar condensed chromatin. As for the rRNA components, comparison of the signal levels obtained with the different probes provides some information about the compartmentalization of distinct stages of ribosome biogenesis. Thus a probe specific for the 5′ external transcribed spacer (5′ETS) portion of pre-rRNA labels almost exclusively the dense fibrillar component (DFC) and the border of the FCs, while the interior of the FCs appears devoid of any kind of rRNA species. By contrast, probes recognizing either 18S or 28S mature rRNA sequences label both the DFC and the granular component (GC). Moreover, mature 18S rRNA sequences are markedly under-respresented relative to mature 28S rRNA sequences in the GC, as compared with the other nucleolar compartments. Our observations are consistent with the view that DFCs contain elongating and 47S–45S precursor rRNA molecules whereas the subsequent various rRNA processing intermediates are mainly located within the GC. Since the border of FCs is the only site where both rDNA and newly synthesized pre-rRNA coexist, the transcription of ribosomal genes seems to take place at the periphery of the FCs, and not in the DFC, suggesting that elongating and newly completed transcripts are immediately transferred into the surrounding DFC where they transiently accumulate before undergoing processing reactions and transfer to the GC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract . The first cleavage in the processing of the rRNA primary transcript in mammals occurs within the 5′-terminal region of the 5′ external transcribed spacer (5′ETS), which makes the upstream portion of this spacer a selective marker of nascent transcripts. Moreover, short treatments with low doses of actinomycin D (AMD), which selectively suppress pre-rRNA synthesis and allow processing of preformed pre-rRNAs, result in the production of prematurely terminated transcripts essentially spanning the 5′ETS leader region. To gain further insight into the intranucleolar localization of early stages of preribosome formation we analyzed the distribution of this specific pre-rRNA segment by in situ hybridization at the ultrastructural level in AMD-treated or in control 3T3 mouse cells. In control cells, 5′ETS leader rRNA was detected at the border of the fibrillar centers and over the dense fibrillar component, in agreement with previous data suggesting that rRNA gene transcription takes place at the border of the fibrillar centers before a rapid transfer of the nascent trancript to the dense fibrillar component. Observation of cells subjected to a short treatment with low doses of AMD fully supports this conclusion, with the prematurely terminated 5′ETS leader-containing transcripts detected at the border of enlarged fibrillar centers. With prolonged periods of AMD treatment even the partial transcription of rRNA genes is blocked and fibrillar centers of typically segregated nucleoli show no positive signals with the 5′ETS leader probe. We also analyzed in parallel the intranucleolar distribution of U3 small nucleolar RNA, which is involved in 5′ETS processing, by hybridization with biotinylated antisense oligonucleotides. Distribution of U3 roughly paralleled that of 5′ETS leader rRNA in untreated cells. However, U3 RNA persisted in the dense fibrillar component of segregated nucleoli whatever the conditions of drug treatment, i.e., even after a thorough chase of the rRNA precursors from this nucleolar compartment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 383 (1996), S. 732-735 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The small nucleolar RNA U20 (ref. 6) belongs to a growing family of fibrillarin-associated intronic snoRNAs with long, con-served complementarities to rRNA2'3 which contain the box C and box D motifs (RUGAUGA and CUGA, respectively) brought close together through pairing of the 5' and 3' terminal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: By generating a specialized cDNA library from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus, we have identified 57 novel small non-coding RNA (ncRNA) candidates and confirmed their expression by Northern blot analysis. The majority was found to belong to one of two classes, either antisense or antisense-box RNAs, where the latter only exhibit partial complementarity to RNA targets. The most prominent group of antisense RNAs is transcribed in the opposite orientation to the transposase genes, encoded by insertion elements (transposons). Thus, these antisense RNAs may regulate transposition of insertion elements by inhibiting expression of the transposase mRNA. Surprisingly, the class of antisense RNAs also contained RNAs complementary to tRNAs or sRNAs (small-nucleolar-like RNAs). For the antisense-box ncRNAs, the majority could be assigned to the class of C/D sRNAs, which specify 2′-O-methylation sites on rRNAs or tRNAs. Five C/D sRNAs of this group are predicted to target methylation at six sites in 13 different tRNAs, thus pointing to the widespread role of these sRNA species in tRNA modification in Archaea. Another group of antisense-box RNAs, lacking typical C/D sRNA motifs, was predicted to target the 3′-untranslated regions of certain mRNAs. Furthermore, one of the ncRNAs that does not show antisense elements is transcribed from a repeat unit of a cluster of small regularly spaced repeats in S. solfataricus which is potentially involved in replicon partitioning. In conclusion, this is the first report of stably expressed antisense RNAs in an archaeal species and it raises the prospect that antisense-based mechanisms are also used widely in Archaea to regulate gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 142-144 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The ten new sequences, as shown in Fig. 1, correspond to the ~450 nucleotides of the 5' end of the cytoplasmic large ribosomal RNA (28S). This molecule can be used as a tracer of the history of the nucleo-cytoplasmic compartment independently of the chloroplast compartment, which is now widely ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of RNAs that are ∼21–25 nucleotides (nt) long, interact with mRNAs and trigger either translation repression or RNA cleavage (RNA interference, RNAi) depending on the degree of complementarity with their targets. Here we show that the imprinted ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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