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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of livers of mice to type of dietary fatThis study was supported by grants HE-07318 and HE-04052 from the National Institute of Health, U.S.P.H.S. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nine edible oils or fats (hydrogenated coconut, cod liver, Wesson, linseed, olive, butter, lard, corn and cocoa-butter) were fed to Swiss albino mice for 90 days to study the effects of saturation, chain length, and essential fatty acid content on the liver. The specific oil or fat (selected for ranges in above variables) was used as the diet fat in a high-fat (28%), low-protein (8%), hypolipotropic diet. Half the animals received choline chloride (2 gm/100 gm) as a lipotropic supplement.Within the supplemented groups, ceroid pigment was limited to livers of mice fed cod liver oil. Among the unsupplemented groups, production of ceroid varied with the iodine value (IV) of the diet fat. Fats with low IV produced no pigment; intermediate IV showed ceroid distended Kupffer cells distributed throughout the hepatic lobule, while large, acellular, vacuolated masses of ceroid resulted from fats with highest IV.Hepatic liposis was minimal in supplemented groups; maximal in unsupplemented groups. Hepatic stroma was within normal limits in all groups. Production of ceroid pigment appeared to be unrelated to degree of liposis or fibrosis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous calcification in hearts of DBA miceSupported by grant (HE 04052) from National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 164 (1969), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Onset, frequency and characteristics of the spontaneous calcification which occurs in hearts of mice of the DBA strain have been studied. Calcified myocardial lesions developed as early as 25 days of age. A limited inflammatory response was associated with the fine mineral granules of early lesions. With age, sites of calcium deposition became larger and agranular. There was no evidence of inflammation at such loci and adjacent connective tissue did not increase significantly. In the oldest animals (older than 90 days), fibrous encapsulation of calcified sites was typical. Calcareous epicarditis appeared by 30 days; was minimal (8%) through 90 days, and then rose sharply in incidence (50%) in older animals. Epicardial calcification was restricted to the right ventricle. In general the calcified lesions increased with age and were not related to sex. Incidence of all lesions was 17% by 30 days of age, 80% within 90 days, and 94% in mice older than 90 days.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091640203
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiovascular lesions in Swiss mice fed a high fat  -  Low protein diet with and without betaine supplementationSupported by grant H-4052 (C2) from the National Institutes of Health, U.S.P.H.S. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 145 (1963), S. 49-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Young adult mice of an albino stock (Taconic Swiss) were fed a hypolipotropic diet with a fat content (lard) of 28% and 8% protein (casien). The same diet containing betaine hydrochloride (2%) as a lipotropic supplement was fed to one-half the mice.After seven weeks of restriction to these diets (with and without betaine supplementation) pronounced lesions had developed in the hearts. These lesions consisted of myocardial necrosis and thrombi within atrial lumina. The thrombi increased progressively in size, reaching critical and lethal dimensions for 75% of the animals by 13 weeks. Atrial dilatation, as a compensating mechanism, was a typical response. Small foci of myocardial necrosis with calcification and fibrosis were common in the ventricles. All mice surviving for longer than 13 weeks showed the myocardial changes ventricles. All mice surviving for longer than 13 weeks showed the myocardial changes and the thrombosis described above. Mural necrosis was observed in the intramyocardial branches of coronary arteries but thrombosis was infreqent within these vessels. There was extreme weight loss which paralleled the onset and increasing severity of the cardiac lesions. Betaine, as a dietary lipotrope, did not prevent or alter the cardiovascular lesions.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091450108
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous and dietary-induced cardiovascular lesions in DBA miceSupported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, U.S.P.H.S. (HE-04052), N.I.H. Institutional Research Grant (FR 05086), and from the Mississippi Heart Association. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 199-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In DBA mice, 12-16 months of age, receiving an adequate commercial diet the incidence of ventricular myocardial necrosis and calcification was 48% and that of pericardial calcification was 12%. Atrial thrombosis did not occur. Young adult mice of the same strain were fed a high-fat (28% lard), low-protein (8% casein) diet, with and without lipotropic supplement of betaine, for 48 weeks. The incidence of ventricular myocardial necrosis and calcification increased significantly over the spontaneous level with the greatest frequency (95%) occurring in the betaine-supplemented group. Pericardial calcification also increased with the highest incidence (100%) in the non-supplemented animals. Dietary induced atrial thrombosis reached lethal dimensions (80%) for most animals in the betaine-supplemented group within 12 weeks. The non-supplemented animals had less atrial thrombosis (50%) and greater longevity. Frequency and types of lesions observed were similar to those which occur in other strains of mice fed the same diet. The genetic susceptibility to spontaneous cardiac lesions did not appear to predispose the DBA mice to a greater sensitivity to dietary induced lesions, but may have contributed to the calcification which characterized the lesions. Dietary betaine seemed to influence significantly the production of a higher incidence of cardiac damage.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520211
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actions of betaine, carnitine and choline on the pattern of hepatic liposis in mice fed a high-fat, low-protein dietSupported by grant HE-07318 from the National Institutes of Health, U.S.P.H.S. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 677-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Four stocks (C, C-57 Bl, DBA and Swiss albino) of mice were fed a high-fat (28%), low-protein (8%), hypolipotropic diet for 3-480 days. Lipotropic activities of supplements of betaine and carnitine were evaluated. There were no strain-limited hepatic responses to the diet or to the action of the lipotropes. Without lipotropic supplements, parenchymal liposis (sudanophilia of frozen sections) was progressively incremental in all lobular zones for approximately 90 days. Subsquently, lobular liposis decreased and the remaining fat was concentrated in the middle zone within cords of fat-laden cells radiating in a stellate pattern. With choline supplemention, liposis was limited to small amounts of fat within cells that composed the stellate pattern. Betaine displayed a level of lipotropic activity approximating one-half to three-fourths that of choline. The lipotropic activity of carnitine was marginal and inconsistent. The combination of betaine and carnitine demonstrated some synergistic action. No parenchymal hyperplasia was observed. The intralobular reticulum increased in some livers, primarily around the central and intercalated veins, but no lobular distortion resulted.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091490411
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation of types of dietary fat to cardiovascular damage in miceThis study was supported by grants HE-07318 and HE-04052 from the National Institute of Health, U.S.P.H.S. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 124 (1969), S. 481-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nine edible oils or fats (hydrogenated coconut, cod liver, Wesson, linseed, olive, butter, lard, corn and cocoa-butter) were fed for 50-90 days to study the relation of saturation, chain length and essential fatty acid content to production of cardiovascular lesions. The specific oil or fat (selected for ranges in the above variables) was used as the dietary lipid in a high-fat (28%), low-protein (8%), hypolipotropic diet. Half of the animals received identical diets containing choline chloride (2 gm/100 gm of diet) as a lipotropic supplement.Atrial mural thrombosis and ventricular myocardial necrosis and calcification developed in all dietary groups. Atrial thrombosis was the most frequent lesion. The greatest incidence of atrial thrombosis occurred in mice fed the choline-deficient, butter-containing diet (92%) and the lowest incidence with the supplemented cod liver oil diet (20%). The diet containing unsupplemented hydrogenated coconut oil produced the greatest incidence of ventricular necrosis (79%) and that with choline-supplemented cocoa-butter the lowest (8%). Ventricular calcification was most extensive within the unsupplemented cod liver oil group (83%), most limited in the supplemented lard group (5%). In general, choline-supplemented diets produced a lower incidence of cardiac damage. Little correlation existed between the composition and characteristics of specific fats and their activity in producing the specific cardiac lesions observed here.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001240405
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