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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Oligodendroglioma ; Oligoastrocytoma ; PCV ; Chemotherapy ; Brain tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Oligodendroglial tumors have been identified as a subgroup of glial neoplasms with a distinctly better response to chemotherapy and overall survival than purely astrocytic gliomas. Here we report our experience with adjuvant postirradiation and preirradiation chemotherapy using procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) in 27 patients with WHO grade II or III oligodendroglioma or oligoastrocytoma. The efficacy of chemotherapy was assessed according to the Macdonald response criteria (complete response, CR; partial response, PR; stable disease, SD; progressive disease, PD) and progression-free survival intervals by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. First, we confirm that PCV salvage therapy for patients progressing after radiotherapy is highly effective (n = 11, 1 CR, 5 PR, 5 SD; median progression-free survival has not yet been reached, but is longer than 18 months). Second, 3 patients who received radiotherapy plus PCV as first-line therapy achieved CR and 2 achieved SD, and all 5 are progression-free with a median follow-up of 12 months. Third, given these encouraging results, 11 patients received postoperative preirradiation PCV chemotherapy and were given radiotherapy only upon progression. Preirradiation PCV chemotherapy was also effective (2 CR, 3 PR, 6 SD; median progression-free survival has not been yet reached, but is longer than 14 months). Patients with anaplastic oligoastrocytomas were as likely to respond to PCV chemotherapy, as were patients with anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Three patients who had previously responded to PCV were successfully treated with a second course of PCV upon recurrence. PCV chemotherapy was also effective in patients with leptomeningeal spread of oligodendrogliomas. A randomized prospective trial is required to compare the effectiveness and neurotoxicity of first-line PCV chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy to the traditional reverse sequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 50 (1979), S. 117-125 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Medulloblastoma ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-eight children with medulloblastoma (19 boys and 9 girls) were treated at the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiotherapy in Essen between 1969 and 1977, and were followed prospectively after surgical treatment and postoperative irradiation. Because different radiation techniques had been used, these patients were divided into two groups, one given a limited irradiation volume and the other irradiation of the entire central nervous system. The results obtained in the former group were inferior to those in the latter. All living patients in the second group are in good condition. Special attention is paid to the technique of irradiation and the factors which may influence prognosis. Even after the relatively short follow up period of one to five years, it may be concluded that high-dose irradiation of the entire central nervous system considerably improved the prognosis of medulloblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Atypical meningioma ; anaplastic meningioma ; postoperative radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We retrospectively analysed 13 patients (pts.) treated at the University of Tübingen from 1985 to 1993 to evaluate the results of radiation therapy (XRT) given as an adjuvant to totally or subtotally resected meningiomas. The overall survival was 38% at five years with a probability of relapse of 50% at this time. Reclassification of the tumours according to the new WHO-classification of brain tumours [14] revealed 10 grade-II-tumours (atypical meningioma) and 3 grade-III-tumours (anaplastic meningioma). Radiotherapy failed in all 3 pts. with macroscopically incomplete resection (Simpson's grade IV), who died with relapse between 4 and 51 months after radiotherapy. 5 out of 10 pts. with grade-II-tumours relapsed. All 3 pts. with grade-III-tumours died with relapse between 6 and 21 months after XRT. Morbidity was seen in 2 pts. after irradiation with 60 GY (ICRU dose specification). Complete surgical exstirpation offers the best possibility of tumour control. Grade-III-tumours should be irradiated whatever the extent of the primary surgery was. Our results might indicate a possible indication for XRT in pts. with atypical grade-II-tumours especially when radical surgery must be in doubt. Prospective multicentre trials are warranted to prove the prognostic value of the new WHO-classification for atypical and anaplastic meningiomas and to define the ultimate role of radiotherapy in this setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Pituitary tumour recurrence ; clinical symptoms ; CT-investigation ; recurrence rate ; prolactin level examination ; combined modality of surgical and radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tumour recurrence rate of 210 patients with operated hypophysomas were investigated. Depending on the surgicaal approach, total or subtotal extirpation of the adenomas, the recurrence rates varied from 10,4 to 35%. 33 patients with pituitary tumour recurrences were followed up over a period of 20 years. Clinical symptoms CT-results at relapse are represented. Serum prolactin level (PRL) was determined before and after surgical and radiotherapy of PRL-producing adenomas. In these cases PRL can be accepted as a tumour marker. 13 patients with relapsed hypophysomas received local irradiation (5.7 MeV linear accelerator) after recurrence operation. An individual comparison in the same patient between surgical therapy alone and combined surgical and radiotherapy was possible. Based on the obtained experience with this combined treatment a therapy scheme using combined surgery and radiotherapy in pituitary tumours is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 40 (1992), S. 242 
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Primäres Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom des ZNS ; Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom ; Radiotherapie ; Chemotherapie ; Key words Primary central nervous system lymphoma ; Non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma ; Radiotherapy ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) are increasing in frequency both in immunocompetent and immunodeficient individuals. The majority of PCNSLs are high-grade B cell lymphomas. In AIDS patients most tumors contain EBV genome. PCNSLs usually present as intracerebral, often deep-seated lesions half of which are multilocular. Less frequent are diffuse periventricular, exclusively leptomeningeal, ocular or spinal spread. On imaging PCNSLs show as contrast-enhancing lesions with relatively little perifocal edema. CSF protein is usually elevated. Malignant cells are present in 20–30% of cases. Demonstration of a monoclonal B cell population by immunocytology or FACS analysis may also be diagnostic. Once PCNSL is suspected extensive systemic evaluation is not useful. Instead, (stereotactic) biopsy of brain lesion(s) should be performed. Prior to biopsy, corticosteroids should be withheld as they may obscure diagnosis. Symptomatic edema or increased intracranial pressure should therefore initially be treated with osmotherapeutics. All immunodeficient patients should receive empiric anti-toxoplasmosis therapy for about 14 days prior to biopsy. AIDS patients with PCNSL survive 3 to 5 months (median) after whole brain irradiation and usually do not benefit from chemotherapy. Immunocompetent patients have a median survival of 12 to 18 months after whole brain irradiation alone, but a median survival of 33 to 43 months after combined radiochemotherapy using cytostatic drugs which penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Based on these encouraging results current concepts aim to intensify chemotherapy and to reduce or delay radiotherapy in the treatment of immunocompetent patients.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die primären Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome (NHL) des ZNS nehmen sowohl bei immunkompetenten als auch bei immunkranken Patienten an Häufigkeit zu. Histopathologisch handelt sich überwiegend um maligne B-Zellymphome, die bei AIDS-Patienten meist EBV-Genom enthalten. Die NHL des ZNS manifestieren sich in der Regel als intrazerebrale, oft tiefsitzende, in etwa der Hälfte der Fälle multilokuläre Tumoren. Weniger häufig sind diffuses periventrikuläres, ausschließlich leptomeningeales, okuläres oder primär spinales Wachstum. Bildgebend stellen sich die NHL des ZNS als Kontrastmittel-aufnehmende Läsionen mit unscharfer Begrenzung und vergleichsweise geringem Umgebungsödem dar. Das Liquoreiweiß ist meist erhöht. Maligne Zellen finden sich in 20–30% der Fälle. Auch der Nachweis einer monoklonalen B-Zellpopulation mittels Immunzytologie oder FACS-Analyse kann die Diagnose sichern. Bei Verdacht auf ein NHL des ZNS ist eine aufwendige systemische Tumorsuche nicht sinnvoll, sondern umgehend eine (stereotaktische) Biopsie zur Diagnosesicherung anzustreben. Kortikosteroide sollen vor der Biopsie nicht gegeben werden, da sie die Diagnose verschleiern können. Ein symptomatisches Ödem oder Hirndruck sind deshalb zunächst osmotherapeutisch zu behandeln. Bei immunkranken Patienten sollte vor der Biopsie eine etwa 14tägige probatorische Toxoplasmosetherapie erfolgen. AIDS-Patienten mit einem NHL des ZNS überleben nach Ganzhirnbestrahlung im Median 3 bis 5 Monate und profitieren in der Regel nicht von einer zusätzlichen Chemotherapie. Bei immunkompetenten Patienten beträgt die mediane Überlebenszeit nach alleiniger Ganzhirnbestrahlung 12 bis 18 Monate, während sie nach kombinierter Radiochemotherapie mit Blut-Hirn-Schranken-gängigen Zytostatika zwischen 33 und 43 Monaten liegt. Ausgehend von diesen ermutigenden Ergebnissen zielen neuere Konzepte darauf ab, die Chemotherapie bei immunkompetenten Patienten weiter zu intensivieren und die Strahlentherapie zu reduzieren oder hinauszuschieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 4 (1998), S. S40 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Für das Rektumkarzinom ist eine hohe lokale Rezidivneigung, die klinisch zu schweren Komplikationen führen kann, bekannt. Durch die bislang unbefriedigenden Ergebnisse in der Behandlung des Rektumkarzinoms, wird nach neuen adjuvanten und neoadjuvanten Therapieverfahren untersucht. In den nachfolgenden Ausführungen sollen die aktuellen Therapiestrategien und die historische Entwicklung der Radio- und Radiochemotherapie bei Patienten mit Rektumkarzinomen vorgestellt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Intraspinal glioma ; High-grade astrocytoma ; Radiation therapy ; Multidrug chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intraspinal high-grade astrocytoma in children is an extremely rare tumor entity with disappointingly short survival times despite multimodality treatment. We report on a girl with anaplastic astrocytoma at level T9–11, who was treated with tumor resection, multidrug chemotherapy and irradiation. Local recurrence was diagnosed after 16 months. With reference to other cases reported in the literature, the course of disease, achievements and limitations of currently available therapeutic options, and potential future strategies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 4 (1998), S. 501-510 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Germinale Hodenmalignome werden ausnahmslos in fakultativ-kurativer Intention behandelt. Bei Frühstadien werden mit multimodalen Therapiekonzepten exzellente Ergebnisse erreicht, dabei weisen testikuläre Seminome Heilungsraten von nahe 100% auf. Diese sind beispielgebend für interdisziplinäre stadiengerechte onkologische Behandlungen solider Organtumoren. Solche Erfolge begründen Bemühungen, die Therapie ohne Kompromittierung erreichter Heilungsraten weiter zu reduzieren und dabei therapiebedingte Einschränkungen an Lebensqualität für die Patienten und hierfür aufzuwendende sozioökonomische Kosten so gering wie möglich zu halten. Erforderlich sind solche Bemühungen vor dem Hintergrund steigender Inzidenzraten und alternativer Behandlungsmodalitäten. Ihre klinische Relevanz ergibt sich aus dem hohen Anteil in Frühstadien diagnostizierter Erkrankungsfälle. Bei identischer diagnostischer Strategie für alle testikulären Keimzellmalignome ist für die postoperativen Behandlungsoptionen bei frühen Stadien zwischen den radiosensiblen Seminomen und den Nicht-Seminomen zu unterscheiden. Für die Seminome werden in dieser Arbeit, orientiert am jeweiligen Tumorstadium, die perkutane Strahlentherapie nach Orchiektomie als Standardtherapie erläutert und deren Alternativen im Stadium cS I, systemische Carboplatin-Monozytostase oder Surveillance-Strategie, bzw. im Stadium cS IIA/B, systemische Chemotherapie, vergleichend dargestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 93 (1979), S. 255-263 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Angio immunoblastic lymphadenopathy ; Chromosomal abnormalitis ; Non Hodgkins lymphoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a 79-year-old woman, the progression of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD) to malignant lymphoma was observed within one year after diagnosis. Three biopsy specimens from lymph nodes and one tonsil, obtained at intervals of several months, showed an increasing destruction of the tissue architecture and the development of histological criteria for a lymphoid neoplasm, which at autopsy was confirmed as a malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The demonstration of a chromosomally abnormal clone in lymph node derived and the laboratory findings were in agreement with the histological changes and the sequential clinical deterioation. Initially, a symptom-free interval of eight months was achieved with prednisone therapy. However, this treatment failed after the malignant transformation had become evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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