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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE CONDUCTIVITY OF ELECTROLYTES. (1913)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 35 (1913), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02191a012
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma protein levels in normal human fetuses: 13 to 41 weeks' gestation (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 100 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To establish reference ranges for the levels of alpha-fetoprotein, albumin, prealbumin (transthyretin) alpha-1-antitrypsin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin and total protein in the plasma of normal human fetuses and newborn babies.Design Prospective study of individual normal cases to fulfil objectives.Setting Pathology laboratories of the University of Edinburgh and the biochemistry laboratories of the University of Keele.Subjects Twenty-two normal fetuses 13 to 22 weeks of gestation and 66 babies born between 24 and 41 weeks gestation.Results Albumin is the predominant plasma protein throughout gestation. The levels of alpha-fetoprotein and prealbumin fell significantly with increasing gestation, whereas the concentrations of the other proteins studied increased. The ratios of individual proteins to total protein demonstrated similar trends.Conclusions This study provides developmental profiles of normal human fetal plasma proteins to serve as possible reference data for abnormal fetuses. Declining levels of prealbumin (transthyretin) were unexpected and suggest a functional role for this protein in early pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14313.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Concentrations of the Neurotoxin 3-Hydroxykynurenine in the Frontal Cortex of HIV-1-Positive Patients (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 64 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-associated dementia is a frequent consequence of HIV infection and is associated with neuronal deficits. Increased concentrations of the kynurenine pathway metabolites 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and quinolinic acid (QA) may contribute to this neuronal damage. We measured 3-HK concentrations and the activity of its catabolising enzyme, 3-hydroxykynureninase, in postmortem brain tissue from eight controls and 32 HIV-positive patients, including a group that exhibited dementia. 3-HK concentrations were significantly increased (over threefold) in the HIV-positive group when compared with controls. This increase was greater in those patients with dementia, but it was still apparent in the nondemented cases. 3-Hydroxykynureninase activity was significantly increased in the HIV-infected group compared with the control values. The effect was apparent in both nondementia and dementia cases, although the latter showed a slightly greater increase. The 3-HK content increase is thus unrelated to a reduction in activity of this enzyme and is likely to reflect an overall increase in the kynurenic metabolic pathway. Elevated levels of the neurotoxin 3-HK may contribute to the neuronal deficits underlying HIV-associated dementia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64020932.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An update on the neuropathology of HIV in the HAART era (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 45 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This review compares the neuropathology of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated HIV+ individuals with the reported central nervous system (CNS) findings from the pre-HAART era. HAART has had considerable success in combating HIV-related immune collapse and has prevented many of the former end-stage complications of AIDS. However, with increased survival times the prevalence of minor HIV-associated cognitive impairment appears to be rising among treated patients and this may be a particular risk for older individuals. HIV encephalitis (HIVE) is still prevalent in treated patients although attenuated forms of HIVE and CNS opportunistic disorders are also observed. Some subjects show very significant CNS lymphocytic infiltrates in the context of HAART-induced immune reconstitution. HIV-associated cognitive impairment correlates best with the increased presence of activated, though not necessarily infected, microglia and CNS macrophages. This suggests that indirect mechanisms of neuronal injury and loss occur in HIV/AIDS as a basis for dementia since neurones are not themselves productively infected. Research to elucidate the mechanisms of neuronal injury in HIV/AIDS may contribute to the understanding of CNS function not only in HAART-treated subjects but also in other neurodegenerative disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.02004.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laboratory diagnosis of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (2000)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The neuropathological and biochemical features of 33 cases of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) diagnosed up to the end of 1998 are analysed in relation to the 646 cases of suspected CJD referred to the CJD Surveillance Unit laboratory from 1990 to 1998. Morphological studies of the central nervous system, lymphoid tissues and other organs were accompanied by immunocytochemistry; Western blot analysis of PrPRES was performed on frozen brain tissue. The findings were analysed in relation to clinical and genetic data. The pathology of vCJD showed morphological and immunocytochemical characteristics distinct from other cases of CJD. PrP accumulation was widespread in lymphoid tissues in vCJD, but was not identified in other non-neural tissues. PrPRES accumulation in vCJD brain tissue showed a uniform glycotype pattern distinct from sporadic CJD. All analysed cases of vCJD were methionine homozygotes at codon 129 of the PrP gene.  No evidence currently exists to suggest that cases of CJD diagnosed in individuals who are MV or VV at codon 129 of the PrP gene represent ‘human bovine spongiform encaphalopathy (BSE)’. Continued surveillance is required to further investigate this possibility, with the need to investigate autopsy tissues from suspected cases by histological and biochemical techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00946.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Roadford Scheme: Planning, Reservoir Construction and the Environment (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Roadford reservoir completes South West Water's major three reservoir strategy quadrupling storage in the region.The paper examines how environmental issues have impacted on the scheme and demonstrates how effective planning and management can minimize effects and concerns on a major civil engineering project.Strategy changes from river regulation to gravity water mains have given reduced environmental impact on rivers and a lowering of power costs, also giving environmental gain. The setting of strict environmental protection measures within contracts and a determined policing policy during construction have produced low levels of pollution incidents during construction.The paper highlights the benefits of working with environmental groups to secure a successful conclusion not only of the construction element but how that construction can be blended into its local environment. Costs are identified and the authors point to the substantial public relations benefits that can be gained with the successful management of environmental issues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1991.tb00684.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinal tract pathology in AIDS: Postmortem MRI correlation with neuropathology (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 134-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Vacuolar myelopathy ; Tract pallor ; AIDS ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vacuolar myelopathy (VM) and tract pallor are poorly understood spinal tract abnormalities in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We studied the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect these changes in spinal cord specimens postmortem and whether criteria could be formulated which would allow these conditions to be differentiated from other lesions of the spinal cord in AIDS, such as lymphoma, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) myelitis. We imaged 38 postmortem specimens of spinal cord. The MRI studies were interpreted blind. The specimens included cases of VM myelin pallor, CMV myeloradiculitis, HIV myelitis, lymphoma as well as normal cords, both HIV+ve and HIV-ve. MRI showed abnormal signal, suggestive of tract pathology, in 10 of the 14 cases with histopathological evidence of tract changes. The findings in VM and tract pallor on proton-density and T2-weighted MRI were increased signal from the affected white-matter tracts, present on multiple contiguous slices and symmetrical in most cases. The pattern was sufficiently distinct to differentiate spinal tract pathology from other spinal cord lesions in AIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588630
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinal tract pathology in AIDS: postmortem MRI correlation with neuropathology (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 134-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spinal cord ; Vacuolar myelopathy ; Tract pallor ; AIDS ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vacuolar myelopathy (VM) and tract pallor are poorly understood spinal tract abnormalities in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We studied the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect these changes in spinal cord specimens postmortem and whether criteria could be formulated which would allow these conditions to be differentiated from other lesions of the spinal cord in AIDS, such as lymphoma, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) myelitis. We imaged 38 postmortem specimens of spinal cord. The MRI studies were interpreted blind. The specimens included cases of VM myelin pallor, CMV myeloradiculitis, HIV myelitis, lymphoma as well as normal cords, both HIV+ve and HIV-ve. MRI showed abnormal signal, suggestive of tract pathology, in 10 of the 14 cases with histopathological evidence of tract changes. The findings in VM and tract pallor on proton-density and T2-weighted MRI were increased signal from the affected white-matter tracts, present on multiple contiguous slices and symmetrical in most cases. The pattern was sufficiently distinct to differentiate spinal tract pathology from other spinal cord lesions in AIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588630
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localisation of glucose-6-phosphatase in developing human kidney (1994)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 101 (1994), S. 413-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of our study was to determine the cellular localisation of glucose-6-phosphatase in developing human kidney using monospecific antiserum and a standard immunohistochemical method (peroxidase-antiperoxidase, PAP) on formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue. In embryonic and early fetal development of the metanephric kidney, glucose-6-phosphatase is located primarily in derivatives of the ureteric bud such as the pelvis, calyxes and collecting ducts. In mid-fetal life as nephrons evolve and develop they become increasingly immunoreactive to glucose-6-phosphatase, such that in mature metanephric kidney the proximal tubules are highly reactive for glucose-6-phosphatase with other elements of the nephron also immunopositive albeit at lower reactivities. In addition the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and some cells of the visceral layer are immunopositive. Only with the development of nephrons does the early predominance of glucose-6-phosphatase immunoreactivity to ureteric bud derivatives change: in mature kidney the reactivity in the collecting ducts is a small proportion of the total. In proximal tubular cells the distribution of glucose-6-phosphatase immunoreactivity is relatively uniform throughout development in contrast to collecting ducts where in fetal life this reactivity is displaced to the apices and basal areas by intracellular glycogen deposits. The mesonephric kidney has a similar pattern of glucose-6-phosphatase immunoreactivity to that of metanephric kidney. The availability of monospecific antiserum to glucose-6-phosphatase and immunohistochemical methods now allows an alternative approach to cellular localisation. Many of the difficulties in the fixation of tissue and assay of glucose-6-phosphatase activity inherent in conventional histochemical methods are avoided by such methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269491
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