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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Models of Critique: Introduction (1997)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Science in context 10 (1997), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-8897
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Critique involves reflection, specifically self-reflection, and as such it is inherently linked with philosophy. Critique calls for change, awareness, liberation from false conceptions, and reshaping of spheres of action and belief. Consequently it is closely linked with the moral and the political. Critique aspires to enhance truth, beauty, and justice and is thus an integral part of science, art, and social action. The present volume tackles issues of critique through a selection of papers originally presented at the workshop on “Models of Critique in the Sciences, Society, and the Arts,” held in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv during May 1996. As the full program indicates, this selection provides only a partial picture of the topics discussed at the workshop. A major consideration has been the publication policy of Science in Context, with its emphasis on science, which is reflected here. We wish to express our gratitude to all the participants for their presentations and contributions to a stimulating exchange of ideas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0269889700000235
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Law and Science — Reflections (1999)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Science in context 12 (1999), S. 227-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-8897
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The ArgumentThis paper construes various positions in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of law as responses to the problem of underdetermination in science and in law. We begin by drawing a close analogy between the successive approaches to this problem in the two fields. In particular, we stress the analogy between conventionalism as a philosophy of science and legal realism as a philosophy of law, and between Putnam's and Dworkin's critiques of these positions. We then challenge the Putnam-Dworkin strategy, arguing that their attempts to combat underdetermination are unsuccessful. We are thus led to scepticism regarding the outlook underlying the celebrated maxim, “ruled by law, not by men”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0269889700003379
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Historical Contingency (1997)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Ratio 10 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9329
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy
    Notes: The paper provides a new characterization of the concepts of necessity and contingency as they should be used in the historical context. The idea is that contingency (necessity) increases in direct (reverse) proportion to sensitivity to initial conditions. The merits of this suggestion are that it avoids the conflation of causality and necessity (or contingency and chance), that it enables the bracketing of the problem of free will while maintaining the concept of human action making a difference, that it sanctions tendencies without recourse to teleology, and that it recasts the controversy between historicists and anti-historicists in less dogmatic language.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9329.00032
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Struggling with Causality: Einstein's Case (1993)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Science in context 6 (1993), S. 291-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-8897
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The ArgumentEinstein's concept of causality as analyzed in this paper is a thick concept comprised of: (a) regularity; (b) locality; (c) symmetry considerations leading to conservation laws; (d) mutuality of causal interaction. The main theses are: 1. Since (b)–(d) are not elements of Hume's concept of causality, Einstein's concept, the concept embedded in the theory of relativity, is manifestly non–Humean. 2. On a Humean conception, Newtonian mechanics is a paradigmatically causal theory. Einstein, however, regarded this theory as causally deficient, for it fails to comply with both (b) and (d). Special relativity was (partly) motivated by the wish to correct the first of these failures; general relativity the second. 3. Ironically, general relativity, based on the thick concept of causality, opens the way for a conventionalist understanding of that concept. 4. With regard to human freedom, Einstein professed to be a Spinozist. However, he suggested a version of soft determinism, not found in Spinoza.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0269889700001393
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Models of Science: Fictions or Idealizations? (1988)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Science in context 2 (1988), S. 163-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-8897
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The ArgumentIdealizations and approximations are an indispensable tool for the scientist. This paper argues that idealizations and approximations are equally indispensable for the philosopher of science. In particular, it is shown that the deductive model of scientific theories is an idealization in precisely the same sense that frictionless motion is an idealization in mechanics. By its very nature, an idealization cannot be criticized as not being absolutely true to the facts, for it need not be. Thus, the usual type of criticism levelled against the deductive model is shown to be irrelevant. The main step in the argument consists in using a logic of approximation to clarify the notions of approximate implication and approximate entailment, which are usually rejected as hopelessly vague. More generally, the conception underlying the paper is that the desiderata of science should be formulated in such a way that complying with them could be a matter of degree, and that pragmatic considerations could be taken into account. This conception is motivated by the wish to introduce some quantitative concepts in the philosophy of science, thereby bringing the philosopher's perspective closer to that of the scientist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0269889700000533
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  • 6
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    EQUIVALENT DESCRIPTIONS (1990)
    Oxford : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The British journal for the philosophy of science. 41 (1990) 261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0007-0882
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Philosophy
    Notes: DISCUSSIONS
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:4064-1990-041-00-000025
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  • 7
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    Newcomb's Paradox and Compatibilism (1986)
    Dordrecht : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Erkenntnis. 25:2 (1986:Sept.) 197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-0106
    Topics: Philosophy
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:n420-1986-025-02-000007
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  • 8
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    The Inference to the Best Explanation (1990)
    Dordrecht : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Erkenntnis. 33:3 (1990:Nov.) 319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-0106
    Topics: Philosophy
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:n420-1990-033-03-000003
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Explanation and Description: Wittgenstein on Convention (1998)
    Springer
    Synthese 〈Dordrecht〉 115 (1998), S. 99-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0964
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005016201213
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Newcomb's paradox and compatibilism (1986)
    Springer
    Erkenntnis 25 (1986), S. 197-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8420
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167172
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