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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: trimethoprim ; concentration ; urinary excretion ; healthy volunteers ; steady state ; pharmacokinetics ; serum creatinine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The steady state pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim was determined after 300 mg orally once daily to 6 healty volunteers for 9 days. The microbiological assay of plasma level was unreliable at trimethoprim concentrations 〉4 µg/ml, so results from an HPLC-assay are given. Steady state was present after 3 days. The plasma concentration peaked 1 to 4 h (mean 2.0 h) after the dose at a mean of 6.0 µg/ml (range 3.1–9.5 µg/ml); the minimum value was 1.5 µg/ml (range 0.6–2.9 µg/ml). The mean AUCss was 77 µg/ml · h and the mean plasma clearancess was 67 and 74 ml/min on Days 8 and 9. Renal clearance was about 60% of the plasma clearance. The average plasma half life was 10.6 h (range 8.7–15.3 h). Thus, there was considerable interindividual variation in all pharmacokinetic parameters. 72 h after the last dose trimethoprim was detectable in plasma in only 1 of the 6 subjects. The minimum urinary concentration of trimethoprim during treatment was always well above (range 22 to 220 µg/ml) the MIC values for most urinary tract pathogens. Therefore, a daily dose of 300 mg trimethoprim results in a therapeutic concentration in urine at steady state that lasts throughout the dosing interval and in most subjects probably lasts also for a further 24 h. Trimethoprim administration raised mean serum creatinine from 67 to 97 µmol/l, probably due to competitive inhibition of the tubular secretion of creatinine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 20 (1965), S. 36-40 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 9 (1962), S. 318-322 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Specialised Section On Biophysical Subjects 79 (1964), S. 399-406 
    ISSN: 0926-6577
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Biophysics Including Photosynthesis 79 (1964), S. 399-406 
    ISSN: 0926-6585
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1653-1655 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Structural and electrical properties of thermal SiO2 layers on Si subjected to wafer bonding were studied. Regions with enhanced etching rate in HF-solutions were found to appear after the bonding and a subsequent etchback of one of the wafers. The bonding procedure also leads to enhancement of interface state generation and accumulation of oxide trapped charge during injection of electrons or holes into the SiO2 layer. The annealing behavior and capture cross section of these defects are close to those of centers generated when hydrogen is incorporated in the oxide network. Enrichment of the oxide by hydrogen during the bonding and postbonding anneal is suggested to be responsible for the degradation of the thermal oxide. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Microelectronic Engineering 19 (1992), S. 597-600 
    ISSN: 0167-9317
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Ultrasructure Research 4 (1960), S. 482-486 
    ISSN: 0022-5320
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A prospective, randomized study was performed in 559 patients to compare two doses of oral cefadroxil with three doses of intravenous cefuorxime as antibiotic prophylaxis in intra- and subtrochanteric hip fracture surgery. Antibiotic concentrations in the wound fluid were determined at the start and at the end of the operation. The first dose of cefadroxil was given about 2 h before surgery and cefuroxime about 30 min before operation. In 226/242 (93%) patients randomized to oral cefadroxil, the concentration in the wound during surgery was on average 15 /gmg/ml, i.e., well above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC-90) for Staphylococcus aureus. In the cefuroxime group, antibiotic levels in the wound exceeded the MIC-90 for S. aureus in 204/210 (97%) of the patients at the start and/or at the end of surgery. All patients were followed up for 4 months. One deep and five superficial infections occurred in the cefuroxime group and no deep but one superficial infection in the cefadroxil group (P = 0.07). S. aureus was cultured in three of the infected cases while cultures were negative in four patients. Four of the seven infected patients had adequate levels of antibiotic in the wound during surgery, and in three patients no antibiotic assay was performed. The infected patients did not differ in age, sex, operation time, bleeding or any other basic variable compared with patients who healed without complications. Two doses of cefadroxil seems to be practical and as effective as intravenously administered cefuroxime as antibiotic prophylaxis in trochanteric hip fracture surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer systematischen Studie über die Dosis-Wirk-Beziehung wurden an 883 Patienten mit unkomplizierter Gonorrhöe Einzeldosen von 400, 800 und 1600 mg Bacampicillin mit 1 g Probenecid verabreicht. Eine Einzeldosis von 800 mg Bacampicillin plus Probenecid war das Minimum für eine wirksame Behandlung bei Patienten mit voll Ampicillin empfindlichen Stämmen. Bei Patienten mit Gonokokken, die vermindert Ampicillin empfindlich waren, wurden 1600 mg Bacampicillin benötigt, um eine Heilungsrate von 95% zu erzielen. Bacampicillin wurde in allen Behandlungsgruppen gut vertragen. Von Nebenwirkungen wurde bei 4,6% aller Behandlungszyklen berichtet. Die häufigste Reaktion waren weiche Stühle (1,9%), die häufiger nach der 1600 mg Dosis beobachtet wurden, denen jedoch keine oder nur geringe klinische Bedeutung beigemessen wurde.
    Notes: Summary In a systematic study of dose-response relationship 883 patients with uncomplicated gonorrhoea were given single oral doses of 400, 800 or 1600 mg bacampicillin, with 1 g probenecid. A single dose of bacampicillin 800 mg plus probenecid was the minimum effective dose in patients with fully ampicillin-sensitive strains. In patients with gonococci showing reduced sensitivity to ampicillin, 1600 mg bacampicillin was required to reach a cure rate above 95%. Bacampicillin was well tolerated in all treatment groups. Side-effects were reported in 4.6% of the courses of treatment. The most frequent adverse reaction was loose stools (1.9%), which was noted more often after the 1600 mg dose but was considered to be of no or very little clinical importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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