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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Rigid-Body Displacements in a Tetragonal Lysozyme Crystal Confirmed by X-ray Diffuse Scattering (1996)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 722-729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: X-ray diffuse scattering from protein crystals is, at the moment, the only available experimental process to be directly sensitive to long-range correlations between protein-atom displacements. It is shown here that calculations based on independent rigid-body displacements of individual molecules yield a description in good agreement with the experimental diffuse-scattering pattern displayed by tetragonal crystals of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) In particular, it appears that molecular rigid-body translations and rigid- body rotations appear roughly in the same proportion as the average atomic mean-square positional fluctuations. The crystallographic temperature-factor analysis by TLS (translation/libration/screw) refinement, performed by Sternberg, Grace & Phillips [Sternberg, Grace, & Phillips (1979). J. Mol. Biol. 130, 231–253], is then confirmed and completed by a quantitative estimation of the molecular rigid-body translation contributions. The major contribution of molecular rigid- body displacements to the average atomic mean-square positional fluctuations, contradicts a previous analysis of the tetragonal HEWL diffuse-scattering data by Clarage, Clarage, Phillips, Sweet & Caspar [Clarage, Clarage, Phillips, Sweet & Caspar (1992). Proteins Struct. Funct. Genet. 12, 145–157] which concluded that short-range correlations dominate. The origin of these opposite conclusions mostly lies in the different hypotheses made to model diffuse scattering, underlying the limits of the `homogeneous disorder' model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444996002594
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bent crystal, bent multilayer optics on a multipole wiggler line for an x-ray diffractometer with an imaging plate detector : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 982-987 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A setup for diffraction and diffuse scattering studies on biological crystals, in the wavelength range 1.5–0.9 A(ring), is operating on the superconducting wiggler line of the storage ring DCI at LURE. Double focusing and rejection of harmonic contribution are achieved by combining two Bragg reflectors with elliptical curvature, respectively, a Si or Ge single crystal and a large W/Si interferential reflector (layered synthetic microstructure). Area detectors include photographic films and an imaging plate scanner device.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143716
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entry deterrence and dynamic competition - The role of capacity reconsidered
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Industrial Organization 9 (1991), S. 477-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-7187
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-7187(91)90060-X
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nash equilibria of finitely repeated games (1987)
    Springer
    International journal of game theory 16 (1987), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1270
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Under weak conditions, any feasible and individually rational payoff vector of a one-shot game can be approximated by the average payoff in a Nash equilibrium of a finitely repeated game with a long enough horizon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01756291
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical Aging of Progesterone-Loaded Poly(D,L,-lactide-co-glycolide) Microspheres (1998)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 15 (1998), S. 794-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: poly(lactide-co-glycolide) ; differential scanning calorimetry of physical aging ; progesterone ; polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To study the interactions between a polymeric matrix and a drug during storage at a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature of the polymers. Methods. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres loaded with different progesterone ratios were stored at 4, 20 and 40°C. DSC-scans were recorded at regular intervals, depending on the storage temperature. Results. The physical aging of the polymeric matrix, as monitored by the amplitude of the endotherm associated with the glass transition, is slowed down by crystalline progesterone. The development of the progesterone polymorphic depends on the interface/volume ratio of the crystals. Conclusions. For polymeric drug delivery systems, the determination of all studies parameters must take into account an effect of dispersed drugs which are more sensitive as the storage temperature is lower than the glass transition temperature of the matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011991624411
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular dynamics studied by analysis of the X-ray diffuse scattering from lysozyme crystals (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 643-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Molecular mobility can alter the periodic order of protein crystals, giving imperfect crystals. The concepts of X-ray scattering by imperfect crystals have been clearly explained by Guiner17 and Cowley18. Basically, the effect of imperfections is to split the scattered intensity into two components ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/325643a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The highly concentrated liquid-crystalline phase of DNA is columnar hexagonal (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 339 (1989), S. 724-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We. Prepared large amounts of 50-nm DNA molecules14 and obtained the liquid crystalline phases using distilled water, 0.1 M NaCl and 0.25 M ammonium acetate as solvents without any visible modification of texture in the optical microscope. The first germs of the 'highly concentrated' phase are ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/339724a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coexistence of A- and B-form DNA in a single crystal lattice (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 337 (1989), S. 190-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The study was carried out on single crystals of the A-DNA octamer d(GGBrUABrUACC)6, using high intensity X-rays Fig. 1 One of a series of 2° oscillation photographs, from a single crystal of d(GGBrUABrUACC)6. The X-ray diffraction recorded on the film consists of discrete Bragg ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/337190a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the interfacial polycondensation of isocyanate in the preparation of benzalkonium chloride loaded microcapsules (1994)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 272 (1994), S. 211-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Isocyanate ; benzalkonium chloride ; interfacial polycondensation ; microcapsules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The preparation of benzalkonium chloride loaded microcapsules was performed by interfacial polycondensation of isocyanates. The present study was made in order to clarify parameters affecting microcapsule wall formation during the course of polymerization. The results presented here show that many interrelated parameters are involved during the microcapsule formation. Each individual component introduced in the preparation was shown to have an effect either on the morphology of the microcapsules or on the mechanical resistance. Benzalkonium chloride seemed to interact mainly in the interfacial polymer precipitation step through a salt effect, or influence the polycondensation reaction rate acting as a catalyst. A contribution of the hydroxylic functions of the surfactant in the polycondensation reaction of the isocyanate was also highlighted. Finally, the organic phase composition was found to be able to modulate the reactivity of hydroxylic functions of the surfactant, leading to very slow reactions in pure xylene. These effects were related to the characteristics of the microcapsules obtained according to different compositions of the formulation system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658850
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homogeneous turbulence subjected to rotation-dominated plane distortion (1993)
    Springer
    Flow, turbulence and combustion 51 (1993), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1987
    Keywords: homogeneous turbulence ; elliptical flow ; spectral approach ; linear analysis ; two-point closure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A new configuration of distorted homogeneous turbulence is investigated in the domain of rotation-dominated elliptical flows. The experimental results are compared with “exact” numerical solutions obtained in Fourier space for the linear part of the problem. The inherently periodic character of the flow results in typical oscillatory variations of the anisotropy and the pressure-strain correlations. A new two-point closure approach of the EDQNM type is proposed for the nonlinear problem; it is based on a representation of the spectral tensor by scalar functions expanded in terms of spherical harmonics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082537
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