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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Groundwater withdrawal impacts in a karst area (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 22 (1993), S. 314-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Karst areas ; Sinkhole development ; Groundwater quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract During a 3000-gpm pump test on a groundwater supply well in Augusta County, Virginia, residential properties were impacted. The impacts included lowered farm pond water levels, development of a sinkhole, and water level decrease in residential wells. A study was performed to assess whether a lower design yield was possible with minimal impacts on adjacent property. This study included a 48-h 1500-gpm pump test that evaluated impacts due to: (1) sinkhole development and potential damage to homes, (2) loss of water in residential wells, and (3) water-quality degradation. Spring flows, residential well levels, survey monuments, and water quality were monitored. Groundwater and surface water testing included inorganic water-quality parameters and microbiological parameters. The latter included particulate analyses,Giardia cysts, and coliforms, which were used to evaluate the connection between groundwater and local surface waterbodies. Although results of the study indicated a low potential for structural damage due to future sinkhole activity, it showed that the water quality of some residential wells might be degraded. Because particulate analyses confirmed that groundwater into the supply well is under the direct influence of surface water, it was recommended that certain residents be placed on an alternate water supply prior to production pumping and that filtration be provided for the well in accordance with the Surface Water Treatment Rule. A mitigation plan was implemented. This plan included crack surveys, a long-term settlement station monitoring program, and limitation of the groundwater withdrawal rate to 1.0 million gallons per day (mgd) and maximum production rate to 1500 gpm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00767503
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The efficacy and safety of Skinner herpes simplex vaccine towards modulation of herpes genitalis; report of a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled trial (1997)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 186 (1997), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Key words Herpes simplex virus ; Vaccine ; Intracellular ; Subunit ; Clinical trial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A randomised, placebo-controlled, multi-centre trial of intracellular subunit herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 vaccine NFU.Ac.HSV-1(S–)MRC (Skinner vaccine) was conducted at three medical centres in the United States. Subjects with documented herpes genitalis of at least 1-year duration and a history of six or more genital HSV recurrences in the 12 months prior to study entry were randomised to receive vaccine or placebo at 0, 1 and 2 months. Vaccination induced significant neutralising, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and lymphocyte transformation response to HSV-1 antigen. The frequency of recurrences was reduced in the vaccinated female patients at both 3 and 6 months following vaccination with an overall reduction in patients of both sexes which did not reach statistical significance. Recurrence severity was reduced as measured by decreased number of lesions and associated symptoms per recurrence (P = 0.04). The data suggest that clinical manifestations of latent HSV genital infection may be modified by therapeutic immunisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004300050043
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of zinc in human eye tissues by anodic stripping voltammetry
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 75 (1975), S. 250-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003-2670(01)81979-6
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and Release of d-Aspartate, GABA, and Glycine in Guinea Pig Brainstem Auditory Nuclei (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 64 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: This study attempts to determine if the medial (MSO) and lateral superior olive (LSO), medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL), and central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICc) contain glutamatergic synaptic endings. Micropunch and microdissection procedures provided fresh samples of these auditory nuclei for the measurement of the high-affinity uptake and electrically evoked release of exogenous d-[3H]ASP. The study also determined if the LSO and MSO contain glycinergic synaptic endings by measuring uptake and release of [14C]-Gly in these nuclei, and whether the MNTB, VNLL, and ICc contain GABAergic endings by assessing the uptake and release of [14C]GABA in these structures. Several strategies optimized the evoked Ca2+-dependent release of the labeled amino acids. These included the enhancement of high-affinity uptake during loading of the markers into the tissues, inhibition of uptake during the subsequent measurement of release, and use of an electrical stimulus current that evoked maximal Ca2+-dependent release. Each of these nuclei manifested the high-affinity uptake and the evoked Ca2+-dependent release of d-[3H]Asp, suggesting the presence of synaptic endings that may use Glu or Asp as a transmitter. Similar findings suggest the presence of glycinergic synaptic endings in the LSO and MSO, and of GABAergic synaptic endings in the MNTB, VNLL, and ICc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64010147.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a GABAergic Projection from the Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus to the Inferior Colliculus (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 60 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: This study attempts to determine whether the pathways from the guinea pig dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) to the inferior colliculus (IC) use γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a transmitter. Injections of kainic acid (KA) were used to destroy neurons in the left DNLL. Two to 4 days after the injection, Nissl-stained sections through the lesion site showed destruction of the DNLL neurons. The lesions varied in size; 12–100% of the DNLL neurons were destroyed on the injected side without damage to the ipsilateral IC. Two to 4 days after the injection, the electrically evoked, Ca2+-dependent release and high-affinity uptake of [3H]GABA were measured in dissected pieces of the left and right IC. These activities were compared with those in the IC taken from unlesioned controls and from sham controls, which received injections of saline instead of KA. Each IC was divided into a dorsal piece, which contained the dorsal cortex and dorsomedial nucleus, and a ventral piece, which contained the central and lateral nuclei. Lesions of the left DNLL depressed the release and uptake of [3H]GABA in the ventral pieces of the IC, but there was a greater depression in the ventral IC contralateral to the lesioned DNLL. There were good correlations between the percentage of neuronal loss in the left DNLL and deficits in [3H]GABA release and uptake activities in the ipsi- and contralateral ventral IC. By contrast, there was no depression of [3H]GABA release and uptake in the dorsal pieces of the IC. The localization of the deficits in release and uptake appears to match the distribution of the synaptic endings of the DNLL pathways in the IC. This correspondence associates GABA release and uptake activities with the DNLL projections to the IC and, therefore, suggests that GABA may be a transmitter of these pathways. The release and uptake of [14C]glycine was also measured to determine whether glycine might be a transmitter of the DNLL pathways to the IC. Lesions of the left DNLL failed to alter the Ca2+-dependent release or the uptake of [14C]glycine, suggesting that DNLL neurons are unlikely to use this compound as a transmitter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb05824.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for Glutamatergic Projections from the Cochlear Nucleus to the Superior Olive and the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 64 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: This study attempts to determine if projections ascending from the guinea pig cochlear nucleus (CN) could be glutamatergic and/or aspartatergic. Multiple radio frequency lesions were made to ablate the right CN. The ablation was verified histologically. To identify the principal targets of CN efferents, silver impregnation methods were used to localize the preterminal degeneration of fibers in transverse sections of the brainstem 5 and 7 days after CN ablation. CN efferents projected heavily to the lateral superior olive (LSO) ipsilaterally, the medial superior olive (MSO) bilaterally, and contralaterally to the medial (MNTB) and ventral (VNTB) nuclei of the trapezoid body, the ventral (VNLL) and intermediate nuclei of the lateral lemniscus and the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICc). There were smaller projections to the lateral nucleus of the trapezoid body ipsilaterally, the dorsal and dorsomedial periolivary nuclei bilaterally, and the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus contralaterally. There were sparse projections to the VNLL and ICc ipsilaterally and the CN contralaterally, and a very sparse projection to the contralateral LSO. To determine if CN efferents were glutamatergic and/or aspartatergic, the fresh brainstem was sectioned transversely and samples of the LSO, MSO, MNTB, VNLL, and ICc were taken to measure the electrically evoked release and the uptake of d-[3H]Asp and [14C]Gly or [14C]GABA 3–5 days after the CN ablation. The release studies suggest that only certain of the histologically identified projections ascending from the CN may be glutamatergic and/or aspartatergic. CN ablation depressed d-[3H]Asp release in the MSO bilaterally and in the contralateral MNTB and VNLL, suggesting that the CN efferents to these nuclei may use glutamate or aspartate as a transmitter. It was unclear whether a marginal depression of d-[3H]Asp release in the ipsilateral LSO reflected the presence of glutamatergic CN projections to this nucleus. d-[3H]Asp release in the ICc was unaffected, suggesting that CN efferents to this nucleus may not be glutamatergic. There were no deficits in d-[3H]Asp uptake. [14C]Gly release from the LSO and MSO was unchanged. [14C]Gly uptake was unchanged in the MSO and depressed only in the contralateral LSO, possibly reflecting subnormal uptake activity in endings contributed by contralateral MNTB cells that had lost their CN efferents. [14C]GABA uptake in the MNTB, VNLL, and ICc was unchanged. [14C]GABA release was unchanged in the VNLL and ICc. [14C]GABA release was depressed only in the contralateral MNTB, possibly reflecting the loss of a small complement of GABAergic CN efferents and the reaction of GABAergic projections from the contralateral VNTB to their loss of CN efferents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64010161.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and Release of Glycine in the Guinea Pig Cochlear Nucleus (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 49 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: This study attempts to determine if the cochlear nucleus (CN) contains glycinergic synaptic endings. The uptake and release of exogenous radiolabeled glycine were measured in vitro in the three major subdivisions of the guinea pig CN: anteroventral, posteroventral, and dorsal. A kinetic analysis of [3H]glycine uptake revealed the presence in each CN subdivision of a high-and a low-affinity uptake mechanism. The high-affinity mechanism had a Km of 25.2–30.5 μM and a Vmax of 3.8–4.8 nmol/10 mg of cell water/5min, whereas the low-affinity mechanism had a Km of 633–718 μM and a Vmax of 26.6–37.1 nmol/10 mg of cell water/5 min. At steady state, the high-affinity mechanism accumulated 10 μM [3H]glycine from the medium, achieving tissue concentrations that were 13–24 times that in the medium. The high-affinity uptake was dependent on the temperature and on the concentrations of NaCl and glucose in the incubation medium. It exhibited a high degree of substrate specificity, as determined by the effects of structural analogues of glycine on the uptake of [3H]glycine. Each CN subdivision also contained two mechanisms mediating [14C]glycine release. One was activated by depolarizing electrical stimuli, produced a rapid transient release of [14C]glycine, and was dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+. The other was continuous, producing a slow spontaneous efflux of [14C]glycine. Released glycine could be removed primarily by uptake, because during release measurements, the amount of [14C]glycine detected in the medium decreased when glycine uptake activity was optimized. The electrically evoked, Ca2+-dependent release and the high-affinity uptake of glycine may mediate the synaptic release and inactivation of glycine, respectively. These findings, therefore, support the presence of glycinergic synaptic endings in each CN subdivision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb03404.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and Release of Glycine in the Guinea Pig Cochlear Nucleus After Axotomy of Afferent or Centrifugal Fibers (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 51 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Glycine may be an inhibitory transmitter in the mammalian cochlear nucleus (CN). This study attempts to determine if cochlear and/or centrifugal projections to the CN use glycine as a transmitter. The high-affinity uptake and electrically evoked release of exogenous [14C]glycine were measured in vitro in the three major subdivisions of the guinea pig CN: the anteroventral, posteroventral, and dorsal cochlear nuclei (AVCN, PVCN, and DCN, respectively). [14C]Glycine (3.4 μM) was taken up by each subdivision, reaching tissue concentrations six to seven times that in the medium. Subsequent electrical stimulation evoked a Ca2+-dependent release of [14C]glycine from each subdivision. These activities were compared in subdivisions from unlesioned animals, and from animals with lesions of centrifugal or cochlear projections to the CN. Two knife-cut lesions were made to interrupt centrifugal projections to the CN lying in the right acoustic striae and trapezoid body. In one group of animals, centrifugal fibers projecting mainly to the right AVCN and PVCN were severed, which reduced [14C]glycine uptake and release by 44–53% in these subdivisions, but not in the right DCN. In another group of animals, fibers projecting mainly to the right PVCN and DCN were severed, which reduced [14C]glycine uptake and release by 33–47% in these subdivisions, but not in the right AVCN. In CN subdivisions contralateral to either lesion there was no significant change in [14C]glycine uptake or release. Neither of these lesions altered the uptake or release of D-[3H]aspartate in the right or the left CN. Ablation of the left cochlea, which presumably destroyed cochlear nerve fibers unilaterally, had no effect on [14C]glycine uptake and release. These observations suggest that centrifugal projections contribute a proportion of the glycinergic syn-aptic endings in the CN. In addition, some glycinergic endings probably arise from neurons intrinsic to the CN. The cochlear nerve contains very few, if any, glycinergic fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01048.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical Genetics of Bacteria (1974)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 8 (1974), S. 79-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ge.08.120174.000455
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design analysis of a composite L5-20 slit for x-ray beamlines at the Advanced Photon Source : The 9th National conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3377-3377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: White-beam slits are precision high heat load devices used on beamlines of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) to trim and shape the incoming x-ray beam before the beam is transmitted to other optical components. At the APS, the insertion devices that generate the x-ray beams are very powerful. For example, the heat flux associated with an x-ray beam generated by undulator A will be on the order of 220 W/mm2 at the L5-20 slit location (about 27.5 m away from the insertion device) at normal incidence. The total power is about 6 kW. Optical slits with micron-level precision are very difficult to design under such heat flux and total power considerations. A novel two-metal composite slit has been designed to meet the diverse thermal, structural, and precision requirements. A commercial code, ANSYS, has been used as the finite element source for the analysis of the optimized design for the set. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146925
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