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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 219-225 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Autoantikörper ; Antisarkolemmale Antikörper ; Antiendotheliale Antikörper ; Antimyokardiale Antikörper ; Immunsuppressive Serumfaktoren ; Seruminhibitionsfaktoren ; Akute und chronische Myokarditis ; Viruserkrankungen ; Autoantibodies ; Antisarcolemmal antibodies ; Antiendothelial antibodies ; Antimyocardial antibodies ; Immunosuppressive serum factors ; Serum inhibition factors ; Acute and chronic myocarditis ; Viral diseases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 54 patients with acute and “chronic” myocarditis were tested for autoantibodies and serum inhibition factors. 11 patients had a viral myocarditis, 17 a “chronic” myocarditis. By comparing the antibody pattern of sera of patients with defined viral myocarditis with those of patients with myocarditis of unknown etiology we could demonstrate that antisarcolemmal (ASA) and antiendothelial antibodies (AEA) are markers of a viral involvement in heart disease. 10 of the 11 patients with Coxsackie B and Influenza virus myocarditis demonstrated this pattern. 15 out of 26 patients with undefined myocarditis showed the same antibody pattern, in sera of 17 patients with features suggestive of “chronic” myocarditis antiendothelial and antisarcolemmal antibodies occurred less frequently. The latter patients showed antinuclear antibodies in 65% with titres up to 1:40. Whereas SIF could be demonstrated in all patients with acute viral myocarditis, and in 11 out of 26 patients with acute undefined myocarditis in the early period and only in 3 patients with “chronic” myocarditis, SIF persisted in these 3 patients with chronic myocarditis in whom we suspected an autoimmune process. Our investigation demonstrates that an etiological classification of undefined myocarditis can be obtained by serological markers and that serum inhibition factors occur transiently in acute and continuously in autoimmune myocarditis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 54 Patienten mit akuter und chronischer Myokarditis wurden auf Antikörper und Seruminhibitionsfaktoren untersucht. Bei 11 Patienten konnte eine Virusätiologie gesichert werden, bei 17 Patienten bestand der Verdacht auf eine „chronische“ Myokarditis. Aus dem Vergleich der Antikörpermuster zwischen Patienten mit bekannter Virusätiologie und ätiologisch nicht definierter Myokarditis konnte gefolgert werden, daß vor allem Antikörper gegen Sarkolemm und Gefäßendothel Marker eines virusinduzierten Prozesses am Myokard sind. 10 der 11 Patienten mit Influenza, Coxsackie B3-und Coxsackie B4-Myokarditis hatten diese Konstellation. 15 der 26 Patienten mit ätiologisch unklarer Myokarditis wiesen dasselbe Antikörpermuster auf, während bei 17 Patienten mit Verdacht auf chronische Myokarditis antiendotheliale Antikörper und antisarkolemmale Antikörper seltener nachweisbar waren. 65% der Patienten mit „chronischer“ Myokarditis wiesen Antikörper gegen Kerne mit einem Titer bis zu 1:40 auf. Während Seruminhibitionsfaktoren (SIF) bei allen Patienten mit akuter Virusmyokarditis und bei 11 von 26 Patienten mit akuter, ätiologisch nicht definierter Myokarditis nachweisbar waren, persistierten sie nur bei 3 Patienten mit chronischer Myokarditis, bei denen aufgrund des Auftretens von antinukleären Faktoren und der fehlenden antiendothelialen und antisarkolemmalen Antikörper ein autoimmuner Prozeß angenommen werden könnte. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, daß eine ätiologische Klassifizierung unklarer Myokarditiden mit serologischen Markern möglich ist und daß Seruminhibitionsfaktoren bei akuten Myokarditiden passager und bei autoimmunen Myokarditiden persistierend vorkommen können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acute interstitial nephritis ; Acute renal failure ; Cephalosporin treatment ; Adverse drug reaction ; Lymphocyte transformation test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) developing after cefaclor treatment is reported. Diagnosis was proofed by kidney biopsy and lymphocyte transformation test. The clinical course of the patient with non-oliguric renal failure was favourable. Four weeks after discontinuation of cefaclor treatment the renal function was completely restored and remained stable over the ten-month follow-up period. It is concluded that cefaclor can cause hyperallergic AIN and acute renal failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 50 (1972), S. 125-138 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hepatitis ; Hepatitis-associated antigen ; immuncomplexes in acute hepatitis ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis-assoziiertes Antigen ; Immunkomplexe bei Hepatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Hepatitis-assoziierte (Australia)-Antigen (HAA) ist als Partikel von etwa 200 Å Größe aus dem Serum isolierbar. Man vermutet, daß es sich um ein Virus-Hüllen-Lipoprotein handelt. HAA war bei Fällen mit akuter Serum-Hepatitis in 13–95% nachweisbar. Sein Nachweis ist spezifisch für diese Krankheit. Bei der persistierenden Hepatitis waren die Teste von 0–80%, bei der chronisch aggressiven Hepatitis von 0–40%, bei der posthepatitischen Cirrhose von 18–44% und bei der kryptogenen Cirrhose von 0–25% positiv. Der Zeitpunkt des Testes in Abhängigkeit zum Krankheitstag oder -stadium und die Art der angewandten Methode bestimmen wesentlich die Nachweisfrequenz von HAA. Bei autoimmunen Hepatitiden scheint das HA-Antigen äußerst selten oder überhaupt nicht vorzukommen. Das Auftreten von Antikörpern (anti-HAA) im Anschluß an die Serumhepatitis wurde nur selten beobachtet. Dagegen konnten Immunkomplexe im Verlauf einer Hepatitis aus dem Serum isoliert werden. Die mögliche klinische Bedeutung dieser Immunkomplexbildung für den Verlauf und die Prognose der Hepatitis wird abschließend diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) particles concentrated by isopycnic centrifugation have a modal diameter of approximately 200 Å. HAA resembles some viruses in size, lipid content and density, but contains no RNA or DNA. It seems likely that it is chiefly an empty virus coat. Patients with viral hepatitis show a variable frequency of positive tests for HAA depending not only on differences in the number of samples taken per patient and on the stage of the disease but also on the technique used for measuring HAA. The frequency of HAA varied from 13–95% for cases of acute serum hepatitis. Cases with chronic persistent hepatitis were found to be positive in 0–80%, cases of chronic active hepatitis had positive tests for HAA in 0–40%, of postnecrotic cirrhosis in 18–44% and of cryptogenic cirrhosis in 0–25%. Almost all reported patients with autoimmune hepatitis showed no positive HAA-test. Differentiation of chronic active cases into “HAA positive” and “autoimmune” ones may prove to be valuable prognostically. Antibodies to HAA (anti-HAA) were rarely detected during the course of acute or chronic hepatitis infection but evidence was obtained of circulating complexes during the acute phase of the illness. The significance of antigen-antibody complexes is discussed with respect to severity and duration of hepatitis and it is pointed out that certain of the multisystem manifestations of hepatitis may be immune in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 57 (1979), S. 1225-1228 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis ; Cell-mediated immunity ; Serum inhibitory factors ; Chronische Polyarthritis ; Zellvermittelte Immunität ; Immunsuppressive Serumfaktoren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Immunsuppressive Serumfaktoren (SIF) konnten bei einer Reihe von Infektions- und Autoimmunerkrankungen nachgewiesen werden. Sie sind wahrscheinlich Ausdruck einer Immunreaktion und ihre Persistenz deutet auf einen chronischen Verlauf hin. Aus diesem Grunde untersuchten wir Seren und Gelenkergüsse von 31 Patienten mit gesicherter chronischer Polyarthritis und von 33 Patienten mit degenerativen Gelenkerkrankungen, um festzustellen, ob erstens diese Faktoren nur bei entzündlichen Prozessen vorkommen und damit differentialdiagnostische Bedeutung haben, und zweitens ihr Titer mit der Aktivität der Erkrankung korreliert. Die Mitogen (PHA-) induzierte Stimulierbarkeit normaler Lymphozyten wurde in Gegenwart der Patientenseren gemessen und mit der Wirkung von Kontrollseren verglichen. Gleichzeitig wurde mit Hilfe des MIF-Agarplattentestes nach Clausen untersucht, ob die Seren bzw. Synovialflüssigkeiten auch die Tuberkulin-induzierte Migrationsinhibition beeinflussen können. Seren von 27 der 31 Patienten mit CP hemmten die Mitogen-induzierte Stimulation normaler Lymphozyten und führten darüberhinaus zu einer Aufhebung der Migrationsinhibition, wahrscheinlich durch Blockierung der MIF-Synthese. Besonders starke Hemmwirkung besaßen die Seren jener Patienten, deren Krankheit einen progredienten Verlauf genommen hatte. Dagegen ließ sich bei den 33 Patienten mit Arthrose und mit den Gelenkergüssen beider Patientengruppen keine Beeinflussung der Lymphozytenstimulation und der Migrationsinhibition feststellen. Andere Faktoren, wie Immunkomplexe, zytotoxische Antikörper und Metabolite von Medikamenten konnten mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit als Ursache der Hemmung ausgeschlossen werden. Diese Ergebnisse sind erste Hinweise, daß der Nachweis immunsuppressiver Faktoren bei unklaren Gelenkerkrankungen als diagnostischer Marker einer CP herangezogen werden kann, wobei eine hohe Aktivität einen prognostisch ungünstigen Verlauf anzudeuten scheint.
    Notes: Summary Serum inhibitory factors (SIF) have been demonstrated in several infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders. Most likely, they are caused by an immune reaction, and their persistence indicates a chronic course. Sera and synovial fluids of 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and of 33 patients with arthrosis were therefore studied, in order to determine whether immunosuppressive factors exist only in inflammatory diseases and whether their titers correlate with the activity of the disease. PHA-induced stimulation of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, measured as3H thymidine uptake, in the presence of patients' serum, was related to lymphocyte stimulation observed in the presence of control sera. Using the MIF-agarose assay, the effect of sera and synovial fluids on the tuberculin-induced migration inhibition was also studied. Sera of 27 of 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis inhibited mitogen-induced normal lymphocyte thymidine uptake and abolished migration inhibition, probably by blocking MIF-production. High titers appeared to predict an unfavourable course. In contrast, sera of all 33 patients with degenerative joint disease failed to exert these effects. Synovial fluids of all patients, irrespective of the nature of the underlying joint disease, did not affect lymphocyte stimulation or leukocyte migration. Other factors, such as immune complexes, cytotoxic antibidies, or drug metabolites could be excluded as potential causes of the observed effects exerted by rheumatoid arthritis sera. These results indicate that the presence of serum factors inhibiting PHA-induced lymphocyte stimulation and leukocyte migration inhibition, respectively, may be used as a diagnostic tool in the differential diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 935-941 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Pseudo-lupus-syndrome ; Antimitochondrial antibodies ; Drug induced allergy ; Pyrazolone ; Specific lymphocyte stimulation ; Pseudo-LE-Syndrom ; Antimitochondriale Antikörper ; Pyrazolon ; Medikamentöse Allergie ; Spezifische Lymphozytenstimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 23 Patienten mit Pseudo-Lupus-Syndrom wurden die antimitochondrialen Antikörper in ihrem Titerverlauf über einen Zeitraum von bis zu 5 Jahren beobachtet. Die während der Akutphase sehr hohen AMA-Titer fielen in den meisten Fällen innerhalb der ersten 6 Monate deutlich ab. Nach Reexposition mit Venopyronum-Dragees (VPD) kam es innerhalb von 3 Tagen zu einem Anstieg der Titer bis auf das 5fache des Ausgangswertes. Das in Venopyronum-Dragees enthaltene Analgetikum Phenopyrazon ist das die Antikörper-Produktion auslösende Agens. Der Beweis dafür wurde durch entsprechende Reexpositionsversuche sowie durch die Stimulation von Patienten-Lymphozyten mit phenopyrazonhaltigen Medikamenten erbracht. Zelluläre Immunreaktionen gegenüber dem Medikament konnten bis zu 6 Monate nach akuter Krankheitsphase nachgewiesen werden, fehlten jedoch in den ersten Wochen nach dem durch das Medikament induzierten Schub. Der Übergang in eine chronische Verlaufsform war bei keinem der 23 Patienten zu beobachten. Ein Rezidiv stand immer im Zusammenhang mit einer Medikamenten-Einnahme. Auch andere pyrazonhaltige Medikamente können ein PLE-Syndrom auslösen.
    Notes: Summary 23 patients with proven pseudolupus-syndrome were observed over a period of five years; titers of specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) were tested in a follow-up study after the last intake of Venopyronum-Dragees (VPD), a drug combination of plant glycosides, horse-chestnut extracts and phenopyrazone. Cellular immune reactions against the eliciting drug, depended on the date of the acute phase and were examined in two patients after reexposure. High titers in the acute phase decreased rapidly in most of the cases within the first six months. After reexposure with VPD, AMA rose within three days up to the five fold compared with the initial titer. Only the analgetic component of VPD, phenopyrazone, was able to induce a significant increase of AMA-titer after reexposure. A specific cellular sensitivity to this substance could be demonstrated by lymphocyte stimulation in the presence of a phenopyrazone containing drug preparation. There was no chronic course of the disease; clinical exazerbation could be observed only after new intake of the drug. The analysis of drug history shows, that other pyrazolone containing drugs may also be able to induce a pseudolupus-syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 481-485 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus ; Aplastic anemia ; Adverse drug reaction ; Indoprofen ; Drug specific lymphocyte transformation test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In connective tissue diseases, the differentiation of disease-related hematological aberrations from drug-induced cytotoxic or allergic blood-cell dyscrasias is often difficult. In this paper we report on the positive identification of an indoprofen-induced severe pancytopenia in a multidrug-treated patient with active systemic lupus erythematosus by use of a drug-specific lymphocyte transformation test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 897-909 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Mitochondrial antigens ; Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The specificity and clinical relevance of nine antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) — anti-M1 to anti-M9 — are described. All nine AMA types react with antigens which are associated either with inner (M1, M2, M7) our outer mitochondrial membranes (M3, M4, M5, M6, M8, M9) derived from rat liver or beef heart mitochondria. These antigens can be clearly distinguished by their different physical and chemical properties. Anti-M1 to anti-M9 can be related to distinct clinical entities: anti-M1, anti-M5, and anti-M7 are found in nonhepatic disorders, such as syphilis (anti-M1), undefined collagen diseases (anti-M5), and some forms of cardiac diseases (anti-M7). Anti-M3 and anti-M6 are detected in drug-induced disorders, such as phenopyrazon-induced pseudolupus syndrome (PLE; anti-M3) and iproniazid-induced hepatitis (anti-M6). Anti-M2, anti-M4, anti-M8, and anti-M9 are confined to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Anti-M2 is a specific marker for the diagnosis of PBC; 96% of PBC patients (n=752) were anti-M2 positive. Anti-M4 and anti-M8 seem to reflect disease activity. Anti-M9 antibodies occur preferentially in early PBC. The clinical course of PBC was analyzed with respect to four different AMA profiles: profile A: only anti-M9 positive in the ELISA; profile B: anti-M9 and anti-M2 positive in the ELISA; profile C: anti-M2 positive in ELISA and complement fixation test (CFT), but anti-M4 and anti-M8 positive only in the ELISA; and profile D: anti-M2, anti-M4, anti-M8 positive in ELISA and CFT. Patients with profile A und B were found to have a rather benign course while those patients with profile C and D showed a rather progressive course when followed over a period of 6–15 years. Considering the similarities between bacterial and mitochondrial membranes, it is suggested that the formation of AMA of different specificities in PBC, especially of the anti-M2 type, may be induced by cross-reacting antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 47 (1969), S. 1297-1307 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Tissue antibodies against nuclei, smooth muscles and mitochondria are very largely confined to three recognised liver diseases: primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), activ chronic hepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis. Mitochondrial antibodies occur in about 90% of patients with PBC and in 24–26% of patients with the two other liver diseases. Their role in the pathogenesis of these disorders is still undefined, but it is of diagnostic importance that these tissue antibodies are not found in cirrhosis due to known insults — e.g., alcoholism, Wilson's disease and haemochrommatosis—or in the different forms of secondary biliary cirrhosis, related to main duct obstruction, congenital atresia or sclerosing cholangitis. The autoantibodies found in sera of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis have been shown to react with a component of the mitochondrial inner membranes. The enzymes of the electron transport chain and a number of readily extractable mitochondrial proteins were not associated with the membrane fragment containing the antigen. There is some evidence that the antigen, which is a lipoprotein, may be a membrane-transport-protein. Since inner membranes have structural similarities with the coat of some viruses or bacteria the formation of mitochondrial antibodies due to cross reaction with as yet unidentified microorganisms cannot be excluded.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Antikörper gegen Zellkerne, glatte Muskulatur und Mitochondrien lassen sich bei der primären biliären Lebercirrhose, der chronisch aktiven Hepatitis und Fällen von kryptogener Lebercirrhose nachweisen. Mitochondriale Antikörper kommen bei der biliären Cirrhose in etwa 90% der Fälle vor, bei den beiden anderen Krankheiten in etwa 24–26%. Die pathogenetische Rolle dieser organunspezifischen und heterologen Antikörper ist nicht geklärt. Ihr Nachweis hat differentialdiagnostische Bedeutung, da Seren von Patienten mit extrahepatischem Ikterus, sekundärer Lebercirrhose oder einer akuten Virus-Hepatitis nicht oder nur niedertitrig mit diesen Antigenen in der Immunofluorescenz reagieren. Die bei der primären biliären Lebercirrhose vorkommenden mitochondrialen Autoantikörper sind mit einem Antigen innerer mitochondrialer Membranen assoziiert. Leicht extrahierbare Membranproteine und die Enzyme der Elektronentransportkette sind an der immunologischen Reaktion nicht beteiligt. Das membrangebundene Antigen ist ein Lipoprotein und könnte mit Transportproteinen, die auch von Bakterien-Membranen bekannt sind, im Zusammenhang gebracht werden. Die Entstehung dieser Antikörper als Folge einer Kreuzreaktion mit Membranenzymen bestimmter Mikroorganismen ist deshalb nicht auszuschließen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Myastenia gravis ; Autoimmune diseases ; Autoantibodies ; HLA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 81 patients with spontaneously acquired myasthenia gravis (MG) were investigated for the presence of autoimmune (AI) diseases and their sera were tested for a range of organ-specific autoantibodies. 77 of the patients were HLA-phenotyped. Antibody titres to acetylcholine receptors (AChR) were higher in non-thymomatous patients who possessed HLA-B8 (p〈0.05) and/or -DR3 (p〈0.05) as compared to patients lacking these HLA antigens. 3 out of 20 (15%) patients with ocular MG, 7/23 (30%) with generalized MG of early onset, 11/23 (48%) generalized MG of late onset and 5/14 (35%) patients with thymoma had either overt AI diseases or significant titres of organ-specific autoantibodies suggesting subclinical AI disease. In ocular MG, low titres and an infrequent finding of antibodies to AChR (32%) as well as the low prevalence of associated autoantibodies and AI diseases indicate that this subgroup of MG consists of patients with restricted AI reactivity. HLA-B8and -DR3 were present in all the patients with associated AI disorders in the young onset group but in none of the patients with old age of onset. In the young group, 6 out of 7 patients with associated AI conditions were women whereas the sex ratio was about equal in the older cases in both, patients with and without associated AI diseases or autoantibodies. We conclude from these observations that ageing provides conditions that allow the breakdown of self tolerance. The simultaneous presence of HLA B8, DR3 and female sex provide important additional factors for early expression of MG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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