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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 267 (1989), S. 658-659 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, gastric emptying, blood glucose concentration, hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemic therapy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Hyperglycaemia that is induced short-term slows gastric emptying in healthy subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus. Little information is available on the impact of longer-lasting, naturally occurring blood glucose increases and their reduction to euglycaemic values. We studied the relation between gastric emptying and pre-prandial and postprandial blood glucose concentrations in patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and secondary failure to respond to oral hypoglycaemic treatment (a) before readjusting hypoglycaemic therapy and (b) 1 week thereafter.¶Methods. We studied 9 female and 1 male patient (age 60–78 years, BMI 21.9–32.5 kg/m2, diabetes duration 3–33 years, HbA1 c 8.8–13.2 %). Gastric emptying of a radiolabelled semisolid 1168 kJ meal was recorded scintigraphically.¶Results. Blood glucose concentration pre-prandial and postprandial was considerably lower subsequent to than before therapy readjustment in all patients (fasting, 7.9 mmol/l ± 1.5 SD vs 11.7 ± 1.7 mmol/l; 60 min postprandial, 11.7 ± 2.0 vs 15.4 ± 2.2 mmol/l). By contrast, gastric emptying was unchanged (residual radioactivity in stomach 50 min postprandial 65.7 ± 14.1 % vs 66.5 ± 12.9 %). There was no relation between emptying and either fasting blood glucose concentration or its postprandial increase.¶Conclusion/interpretation. The data do not support a major impact of actual, longer-lasting, naturally occurring blood glucose concentrations upon the rate of gastric emptying in patients with Type II diabetes. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1410–1412]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter„Small-volume-resuscitation“ ; hyperton-hyperonkotische Lösung ; Volumentherapie ; extrakorporale Zirkulation ; Hypovolämie ; Key words Small-volume-resuscitation ; Hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution ; Volume therapy ; Extracorporeal circulation ; Hypovolaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Patients who have undergone cardiac surgery with use of extracorporeal circulation frequently reveal marked hypovolaemia in spite of a highly positive fluid balance. This is thought to be due to transient microvascular damage and extravascular fluid shift. Further volume replacement to achieve haemodynamic stability in the postoperative period may cause fluid overload and congestive heart failure. The present study was designed to investigate whether this fluid overload could be avoided by using a hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution (group I: HHL, 10% hydroxyethylstarch 200/0.5 in 7.2% saline) instead of two different standard colloid solutions (group II: HA, 5% albumin; group III: HES, 6% hydroxyethylstarch in 0.9% saline). Methods. Twenty-one patients meeting our criteria for hypovolaemia immediately after cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to three groups. Patients in group I received HHL in increments of 150 ml, while patients in group II and group III were given HA and HES respectively in increments of 500 ml until hypovolemia was corrected. Haemodynamic assessment was done using a pulmonary artery thermodilution catheter. Intra- and extravascular volumes, including extravascular lung water (EVLW), intrathoracic blood volume (ITBV), and total blood volume (TBV) were measured by the double indicator technique using lung water software (COLD-System, Pulsion, Munich, Germany). Results. Correction of hypovolaemia-related haemodynamic parameters and restoration of normal TBV were achieved by 236±80 ml of HHL (group I), 857±244 ml of HA (group II) and 1000±0 ml of HES (group III) respectively. TBV increased significantly in each group, compared to baseline values. EVLW did not change significantly in any group. We found that the volume-augmenting effect of HHL per millilitre infused solution was more than four times that of HA and HES, primarily as a result of increasing plasma osmolality due to an increase of plasma sodium levels. This pronounced effect on intravascular volume of HHL lasted for only 2 h following infusion, however, and did not lead to any unwanted side effects. In the period between 2 and 20 h after primary volume replacement, further fluid therapy with colloids and crystalloids, guided by clinical signs of hypovolaemia, was necessary in each group of patients. The overall fluid requirements for the first 20 h after operation did not differ among the three resuscitation regimens. Conclusion. We found that HHL is a safe and effective solution for acute correction of hypovolaemia after cardiac surgery. The advantages of a smaller initial volume load by HHL cannot be maintained for longer than 2 h.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Auswirkung einer hyperton-hyperonkotischen Lösung (HHL) auf kardiozirkulatorische Parameter wurden in dieser Studie an 21 hypovolämischen Patienten nach kardiochirurgischen Eingriffen mit den Effekten zweier isoton-isoonkotischer Lösungen (HA, HÄS) verglichen. Insbesondere wollten wir prüfen, ob durch Gabe der HHL (10% HÄS 200/0,5 in 7,2% NaCl) in Form einer „small-volume-resuscitation“ eine Kreislaufstabilisierung mit geringerer Volumenbelastung als durch Gabe von HA (5% Humanalbumin) bzw. HÄS (6% HÄS 200/0,5 in 0,9% NaCl) erreicht werden kann. Die Hypovolämie ließ sich mit HHL in wesentlich geringerer Dosierung (236±80 ml) ausgleichen als durch HA bzw. HÄS (857±244 ml, bzw. 1000±0 ml), wie aus dem Verlauf hämodynamischer Parameter (Herzindex, rechts- und linksventrikulärer Füllungsdruck) und der intravasalen Volumina (totales zirkulierendes Blutvolumen, intrathorakales Blutvolumen) hervorging. Diese größere Volumenwirksamkeit der HHL gegenüber HA und HÄS war jedoch nur ca. 2 h lang nachzuweisen. Über den gesamten Beobachtungszeitraum von 20 h ließ sich kein volumensparender Effekt der HHL feststellen. Für die akute Therapie einer hypovolämischen Kreislaufsituation stellt die HHL jedoch eine sichere und effektive Alternative zu anderen kolloidalen Volumenersatzmitteln dar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 356-357 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sonographic analyses of songs and calls of Bonelli's Warbler (Phylloscopus bonelli) show important structural differences between the geographically isolated western (P.b. bonelli) and eastern (P.b. orientalis) populations. Playback experiments in the field and some morphological differences suggest that these populations may be separating into 2 species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Aminopeptidase occurs in high concentration in the luminal portion of the cytoplasma of cells of the proximal convoluted tubules. In case of damage of the tubular cells this enzyme can pass into the urine. Thus, in acute lesions of the proximale tubule an elevated aminopeptidase activity in the urin is to be expected. The task was to demonstrate in a series of cases, that the determination of the aminopeptidase activity in the urine serves for the evaluation of acute disturbances of the proximal tubule.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aminopeptidase findet sich im lumennahen Cytoplasma der Zellen des proximalen Tubulus der Niere in hoher Konzentration. Bei Schädigungen der Tubuluszellen, die mit einer Änderung der Permeabilität der Zellmembranen einhergehen, kann sie in den Harn übertreten. Dementsprechend ist bei akuten Läsionen des proximalen Tubulus eine erhöhte Aminopeptidase-Aktivität im Harn zu erwarten. An einer Reihe von Beispielen sollte gezeigt werden, daß die Bestimmung der Aminopeptidase-Aktivität im Harn zum Nachweis akuter Funktionsstörungen des proximalen Tubulus geeignet ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein ausSalmonella abortus equi isoliertes Lipopolysaccharid bewirkt bei intravenöser Applikation in sehr kleinen Dosen nicht nur Fieberreaktionen und charakteristische Veränderungen des weißen Blutbildes, sondern führt auch zu Oberflächen-und Funktionsänderungen der Blutzellen, die sich in Landungsänderungen der Zellen und in gesteigerter Phagocytoseaktivität der Granulocyten ausdrücken. Die Intensität dieser Reizstoffreaktionen ist in Abhängigkeit von individuellen und artspezifischen Faktoren verschieden stark ausgeprägt. Obwohl bakterielle Lipopolysaccharide hohe Affinität zu Erythrocyten und Leukocyten besitzen, kommen die beobachteten Effekte an den Blutzellen nicht direkt zustande, sondern vermutlich auf dem Umweg über endogene Wirkstoffe, deren Natur noch nicht näher bekannt ist. Mit unserer Versuchsanordnung sind humorale Reaktionen als Folge der Pyrogeninjektion nicht zu erfassen, so daß der Reizeffekt sich zunächst als zellgebundenes Geschehen auswirkt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 40 (1962), S. 485-486 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.80.Ba ; 52.75.-d ; 81.60.Bn ; 76.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Armco iron samples were surface nitrided by irradiating them with pulses of an excimer laser in a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting nitrogen depth profiles measured by Resonant Nuclear Reaction Analysis (RNRA) and the phase formation determined by Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS) were investigated as functions of energy density and the number of pulses. The nitrogen content of the samples was found to be independent of the number of pulses in a layer of 50 nm from the surface and to increase in depths exceeding 150 nm. The phase composition did not change with the number of pulses. The nitrogen content can be related to an enhanced nitrogen solubility based on high temperatures and high pressures due to the laser-induced plasma above the sample. With increasing pulse energy density, the phase composition changes towards phases with higher nitrogen contents. Nitrogen diffusion seems to be the limiting factor for the nitriding process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 1-5 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS61.80.Ba; 52.75. $-$d; 81.60.Bn; 76.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Armco iron samples were surface nitrided by irradiating them with pulses of an excimer laser in a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting nitrogen depth profiles measured by Resonant Nuclear Reaction Analysis (RNRA) and the phase formation determined by Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS) were investigated as functions of energy density and the number of pulses. The nitrogen content of the samples was found to be independent of the number of pulses in a layer of 50 nm from the surface and to increase in depths exceeding 150 nm. The phase composition did not change with the number of pulses. The nitrogen content can be related to an enhanced nitrogen solubility based on high temperatures and high pressures due to the laser-induced plasma above the sample. With increasing pulse energy density, the phase composition changes towards phases with higher nitrogen contents. Nitrogen diffusion seems to be the limiting factor for the nitriding process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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