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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of bile salts and lipids on intestinal absorption of griseofulvin in man (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1986), S. 319-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: griseofulvin ; intestinal perfusion ; absorption ; bile salts ; lipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of bile salts and lipids on the intestinal absorption of griseofulvin has been studied in 11 healthy male volunteers by the intestinal perfusion technique. The drug in a nutrient solution (Realmentyl) was perfused into the second part of duodenum at 5 ml/min. Intestinal samples were taken continuously at 1 ml/min, 20 cm (at the angle of Treitz) and 45 cm distal to the perfusion point. To study the effect of lipids on griseofulvin absorption, the drug was perfused with solutions A and B, of which B contained a total lipid and caloric load three times that of A. The influence of bile salts on griseofulvin absorption was examined by perfusing the drug on Day 1 with bile salts and again on the following day after bile salt depletion. Bile salts and a varying quantity of lipid perfusate had no significant influence on the duodeno-jejunal griseofulvin absorption rate per cm of intestine. Lipids, however, may still play a role in griseofulvin absorption along the entire intestine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00981131
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Almitrine bismesylate disposition in the human digestive tract (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 487-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: almitrine ; drug absorption ; liver metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; biliary excretion ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The absorption of almitrine from the upper gastrointestinal tract has been evaluated in 6 healthy volunteers by an intubation technique. Almitrine bismesylate dissolved in malic acid was introduced into the stomach after homogenization with a meal containing the marker14C-polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000. Unlabeled PEG 4000 was infused into the second part of duodenum throughout the experiment. Samples of the luminal content were collected every 15 min for four hours from the stomach and at the ligament of Treitz. Blood was also collected. Almitrine was neither absorbed from nor metabolized in the stomach. About 37% of the quantity of drug emptied from the stomach was absorbed from the duodenum. Almitrine was detected in plasma 50 min after ingestion of the meal and its plasma concentration-time profile reflected the cumulative gastric emptying rate. The metabolite tetrahydroxy almitrine was found in intestinal samples as soon as unchanged drug was detected in plasma. The intraluminal rate of formation of the metabolite increased with time. The results suggest hepatic metabolism of almitrine followed by rapid excretion of the metabolite in the bile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558129
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etude optique et ultrastucturale d'un cas de carcinome médullaire de la thyroide (1970)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 74 (1970), S. 122-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude concerne la métastase ganglionnaire d'un carcinome médullaire de la thyroïde, évoluant depuis 9 ans, chez une jeune fille de 16 ans. Le tableau clinique était dominé par l'existence d'une diarrhée motrice et d'un flush syndrome. L'examen histologique a confirmé la structure particulière de cette tumeur à stroma amyloïde. La microscopie électronique montre des grains d'aspect neurosécrétoire dans le cytoplasme, et des fibrilles qui semblent être excrétées dans le milieu extracellulaire et participer à la formation de l'amyloïde. Il est généralement admis, depuis les travaux de Williams (1966) que ce carcinome dériverait des cellules C ou parafolliculaires, sécrétant la thyrocalcitonine. Cette activité sécrétoire ne rend pas compte des symptômes souvent associés, en particulier de la diarrhée; on peut suspecter l'association à la thyrocalcitonine de substances à activité vasopressive, telles que les kinines, la sérotonine ou la 5 hydroxytryptamine.
    Notes: Summary The study concerns a metastatic ganglion of a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland which had been developping for nine years in a sixteen year-old girl. The chief clinical symptoms were motor diarrhoea and flush syndrom. The histological study confirmed the special structure of this tumor with an amyloid stroma. The electron microscopical study showed granules with neuro-secretory aspect in cytoplasm and fibrils which seem to be excreted in the intercellular substance participating in the elaboration of the amyloid. Since William's studies in 1966, it has been generally accepted that this carcinoma might originate from the C cells or parafollicular cells, secreting thyrocalcitonin. This secretory activity does not explain the symptoms which are often associated, primarily diarrhoea. One may suspect the association of thyrocalcitonin with vasopressive substances such as kinines, serotonin or 5 H.T.P.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00525878
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1996)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 41 (1996), S. 2317-2318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02100120
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symptomatic, radionuclide and therapeutic assessment of chronic idiopathic dyspepsia (1989)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 34 (1989), S. 657-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: gastric emptying ; radioisotopes ; gastroparesis ; dyspepsia ; gastrokinetics ; cisapride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-eight patients with chronic idiopathic dyspepsia defined by the presence of chronic unexplained symptoms suggestive of gastric stasis and directly related to food ingestion were included in this prospective study. Gastric emptying of the liquid and solid phases of a meal was quantified by a dual-isotope method, and symptoms were evaluated by a diary and a visual analog scale. Delay in gastric emptying was evidenced in 59% of the dyspeptic patients; it occurred with liquids in more cases than solids. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of symptoms was of no practical value in predicting the presence of objective stasis. The dyspeptic patients were included in a double- blind randomized controlled trial of cisapride, a new gastrokinetic drug devoid of central antiemetic effects. After six weeks of cisapride treatment, all patients with initially abnormal gastric emptying rates for liquids, and all but one for solids returned to normal ranges, and significant differences between cisapride and placebo groups were observed for half emptying times of both solids (136±16 min vs 227 ±32 min; P〈0.02) and liquids (61±4 min vs 132±37 min; P〈0.01). Cisapride also significantly improved dyspeptic symptom scores at weeks 3 and 6 of treatment as compared to those measured before treatment. Nevertheless, the decrease in global diary score was significantly higher than that seen with placebo at week 3 (−16±6 vs −1±9; P〈0.05), but not at week 6 (−18±5 vs −10±8). The symptomatic effect of cisapride at week 3 was significantly more pronounced in patients with abnormal initial gastric emptying than in those with normal gastric emptying (−30±7vs −4±6; P〈0.02).These results underline the importance of objective evaluation of gastric emptying in the detection of patients with gastric stasis who exhibited the best symptomatic response to cisapride.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540334
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric juice in pernicious anemia (1961)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 6 (1961), S. 629-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The physicochemical composition of the gastric juice of 16 patients suffering from pernicious anemia was determined. The study of the relationship between chloride, sodium, and alkalinity showed that gastric juice in these patients has the same characteristics as the primary alkaline secretion of a patient with a normal stomach. The stomach of a patient with Biermer's disease, from the biologic point of view, appears to be one that has been deprived of its acid (parietal cells) and peptic (chief cells) functions and, on the other hand, has retained normal glands of alkaline secretion. The values of primary alkaline secretion determined in the study reported here seem to be more realistic than those obtained mathematically by Hollander, Gray and Butcher, in dogs, and Hunt, in humans. A better knowledge of the composition of the primary alkaline secretion makes possible—without recourse to measurement of thepH or administration of large doses of histamine, which are not always tolerated in spite of the use of antihistaminics—a simple distinction between absolute achlorhydria of cellular origin, which is characteristic of Biermer's disease, and relative or chemical achlorhydria, which disappears under the influence of certain drugs that increase the concentration of acid in the gastric juice (corticoids or larger doses of histamine). In patients having so-called achlorhydric gastric juice, the two types may be distinguished, according to Töpfer, by determination of the total alkalinity of the samples taken during intubation in stages. An alkalinity curve that does not change after injection of the usual dose of histamine dihydrochloride (0.5 mg.) indicates true achlorhydria of the Biermer type, and an alkalinity curve that reflects declining values signifies chemical achlorhydria. Cellular achlorhydrias are very rare other than in Biermer's disease; of a total of 73 patients with achlorhydrias without anemia, the authors observed 5 cases, 3 associated with cirrhosis with ascites and 2, in the course of early gastritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02232337
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Folate-losing gastropathy” and intestinal folate absorption in patients with Ménétrier's disease (giant hypertrophic gastritis) (1978)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 23 (1978), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The gastric loss of serum nonprotein components, such as vitamins has not been, to our knowledge, demonstrated in Ménétrier's disease (MD). The intestinal absorption and the gastric leakage of folic acid were investigated in 4 patients with documented MD; in each case there was an increased gastric clearance of plasma proteins as demonstrated by51Cr-labeled albumin tests. All the patients had a low serum level of folate and a flat curve of serum folate concentrations after an oral load of folic acid. The gastric loss of folate was determined in the patients and in 5 control subjects from the folate concentrations (before and after an intravenous injection of folinic acid) in basal and histamine-stimulated gastric secretion. A significant increase in concentrations and outputs of folate in gastric juice was observed in MD patients compared to controls, before as well as after gastric stimulation. None of the patients had abnormalities in jejunal morphology or in xylose absorption. The present study shows that folic acid should be added to the list of serum components which may be lost in excess into the gastric lumen in MD patients. The responsibility of this “folate-losing gastropathy” in the folate deficiency which may be observed in MD patients has to be discussed in relation to associated abnormalities in small-intestinal transport of folate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01073190
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of the use of a tube with a proximal occlusive balloon for measurement of intestinal absorption in man (1978)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 23 (1978), S. 720-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Because of its simplicity, a tube with a proximal occlusive balloon is widely used to measure segmental intestinal absorption in man. Yet, the possibility that the presence of an inflated balloon might alter the absorptive capacity of the underlying segment of intestine has never been tested. In the present work the jejunal absorption of water and ions has been measured in 13 healthy subjects with the proximally occlusive tube and with the triple lumen nonocclusive method; precautions were taken to achieve similar flow rate and ionic composition of the fluid entering the test segment with both techniques in each subject. Under these conditions net water and ion movements measured by the two methods were identical. This finding validates the use of the proximal occlusive tube to measure intestinal absorption in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01072359
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric clearance of alpha-1-antitrypsin under cimetidine perfusion new test to detect protein-losing gastropathy? (1986)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 31 (1986), S. 12-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01347903
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maximal capacity for fluid absorption in human bowel (1981)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 26 (1981), S. 929-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The intestinal handling of fluid has been studied in ten healthy volunteers while an isotonic saline solution (NaCl 140 mM, KCl 5 mM) was perfused into the stomach at rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 ml/min. Polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG-4000), as a nonabsorbable marker, was infused into the second portion of duodenum, and the intestinal contents were sampled continuously at a steady rate at 25, 50, 155, and 180 cm distally. Rediological assessment showed that the proximal sampling point was located at the angle of Treitz when the distal site was usually in the terminal ileum. Stools were collected for the following 12 hr. Volumes sampled from each site were used as a correction for volumes calculated at each distal site. The absorption rates of water (0.035 ml), sodium (4.72μEq), and potassium (0.183μEq) per minute and per centimeter of bowel were constant along the small intestine and were independent of the perfusion rate. Stools only appeared when terminal ileal input to the colon was above 6 ml/min. When this occurred, the net absorption of water by the colon was 2.7±0.3 ml/min whatever the rate fluid entered the colon. A significant positive correlation was observed between ileal outputs and volume of stools.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309499
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