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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 27 (1993), S. 1918-1923 
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Bioassay ; Soil protozoa ; Ciliates ; Heavy metals ; Sewage sludge ; Soil solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The common soil protozoan Colpoda steinii was used to study the toxicity of sulphate solutions of Ni, Cd, Cu, and Zn. The growth of C. steinii was reduced by 50% in the presence of 0.10, 0.22, 0.25, and 0.85 mg litre-1 of Ni, Cd, Cu and Zn, respectively, during 24 h of incubation at 25°C, as calculated from a regression analysis of probit-transformed data. The same growth assay was used to assess the toxicity of soil solution extracted by centrifugation from soil samples of field plots of a grass/clover ley on a sandy loam treated with sewage sludge spiked with additional Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, or Zn at concentrations either equivalent to or twice the limits for heavy metals recommended in recent EC guidelines (Commission of European Communities directive 86/278/EEC). The toxicity of these soil solutions varied with the season of the year. None of the soil solutions extracted in winter (February 1991) inhibited the growth of C. steinii. In summer (July 1991), the growth was reduced in solutions extracted from plots that were amended with sludge plus additional Zn or Ni at twice the maxima recommended by the EC. The changes in toxicity to C. steinii of the soil solutions between February and July were positively correlated with increases in heavy metal concentrations of Zn and Ni between winter and summer. These preliminary results suggest that regular protozoan bioassays may be used to monitor the biological availability of heavy metals in soils, especially when combined with other microbial assays and with chemical analyses of soil solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Chelation ; Erwinia-produced 2-ketogluconic acid ; Pasture species contents ; Soil extractions ; Trace elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Trace element levels extractable by 2-ketogluconic acid (2-KG), ammonium acetate, acetic acid, EDTA, and DTPA were determined in three different soils of the Tarves association. The 2-ketogluconic acid was derived from 2-litre batch cultures of a soil bacterium,Erwinia sp. Pasture grasses and clovers growing on these soils were also analysed. At the same pH, 2-KG extracted more Co, Ni and Zn and considerably more Fe, Ti and V than ammonium acetate. The quantities of Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn extracted by 2-KG from the three soils generally reflected, in a similar way to the other extractants, the contents of these elements in grasses and clovers growing on the soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geochemistry and health 8 (1986), S. 19-24 
    ISSN: 1573-2983
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Total and extractable trace element contents have been determined in about 1000 soil profiles representing the main soil series occurring throughout Scotland. The frequency distributions of a number of trace elements in these soils are described and some relationships between total and extractable contents discussed. The geological nature of the soil parent material, soil texture, organic matter content and environmental contamination are the principal factors controlling soil total contents. Soil drainage class, because of its effect on mineral weathering and soil oxidation-reduction conditions, has a major influence on soil extractable contents, availability to plants and crop uptake. Particular attention is paid to cobalt, copper and molybdenum because of their importance for animal health in Scotland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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