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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraktion von Thymian mit flüssigem CO2 im Labormaßstab (1985)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 180 (1985), S. 491-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Aufbau eines Hochdruck-CO2-Extraktors wird beschrieben, der die Gewinnung etherischer Öle im Labormaßstab ermöglicht. Aus Thymian (Thymus vulgaris L.) wird das etherische Öl mittels CO2 extrahiert und die Inhaltsstoffe mit denen eines Wasserdampfdestillats und eines handelsüblichen Thymianöls verglichen. Bei der Analyse des etherischen Öls wurden gaschromatographisch und massenspektrometrisch etwa 50 Komponenten identifiziert.
    Notes: Summary The construction of a high pressure CO2 extractor is described, which allows the production of essential oils on a laboratory scale. The essential oil of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) was extracted with CO2 and the oil composition compared with that from a steam distillate and from a commercially available red thyme oil. By analysing the essential oils by means of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry about 50 components have been identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02044300
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oily substances from gastral intersegmental glands of the antPachycondyla tridenta (Ponerinae): Lack of pheromone function in tandem running and antibiotic effects but further evidence for lubricative function (1996)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 7 (1996), S. 8-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Keywords: gaster intersegmental glands ; lubricants ; tandem running ; secretion ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; Pachycondyla tridentata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Gas chromatographic analyses of volatizable material from gaster intersegmental complex glands ofP. tridentata revealed the presence of linoleic acid, palmitic acid, methyl oleate, and several long-chain hydrocarbons as major constituents, which form an oily fluid mixture. The nest relocation communication ofP. tridentata is tandem running. Tandem following is mediated by pheromones as demonstrated by dummy experiments with isolated gasters and thoraces and with glass balls. The secretions of all gaster complex glands, as well as hind gut contents and metapleural gland secretions, were unable to evoke tandem following. Morphology and position of the glands, lack of pheromonal function, oily properties, low volatility, and lack of antibiotic effects of these secretions strongly suggest a function as lubricants for the ants' gastral segments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240632
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colony specificity of Dufour gland secretions in a functionally monogynous ant (1998)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 8 (1998), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Keywords: Key words. Reproductive conflict – Propaganda substance – Dufour gland – Dominance hierarchy –Leptothorax gredleri– Formicidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary. Queens in colonies of the small myrmicine ant, Leptothorax gredleri Mayr 1855 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) engage in dominance interactions and form social hierarchies, in which typically only the top-ranking queen lays eggs. Occasionally, queen antagonism escalates to violent mandible fighting, during which the sting is used to apply Dufour gland secretions onto the cuticle of the opponent. Contaminated queens often are attacked by nestmate workers. Here we show that the chemical composition of the Dufour gland is colony-specific and that workers can discriminate between secretions from their own and other colonies. Our findings suggest that Dufour gland secretions are involved in the establishment of hierarchies within a colony. When invading an alien colony the queen presumably employs the secretions during the expulsion of the resident queen. Apparently, Dufour gland secretions play a role in intraspecific queen competition similar to that in slave-making and inquiline formicoxenine ants, where they function as "propaganda substances" in an interspecific context.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000490050022
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The major histocompatibility complex and the chemosensory signalling of individuality in humans (1998)
    Springer
    Genetica 104 (1998), S. 265-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Keywords: chemosensory identity ; gas chromatography ; humans ; MHC‐associated odors ; olfactometer ; specific volatiles ; trained rats ; urinary odors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chemosensory identity of mice and rats is determined partly by polymorphic genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In inbred strains of mice, as well as in seminatural populations, MHC‐associated mating preferences selectively influence reproductive success, thus serving to promote heterozygocity in the MHC. In order to determine whether MHC‐associated chemosignals are present in humans, two studies were conducted. In a first study, olfactory identification of MHC‐associated chemosignals was conducted on 12 trained rats' responses to the urine odors of humans. In a second study, MHC‐associated olfactory cues in humans were analyzed by means of gas chromatography. The results indicate that the urine odors of humans are associated with the MHC and demonstrate that the profile of volatile components in the urine odors shows some association with the MHC. Furthermore, results show that a profile of some specific components, as well as a few ubiquitous volatiles, constitutes MHC‐associated odor signals in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026431303879
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of male winter moths (Operophtera brumata) to their sex attactant (3Z,6Z,9Z)-1,3,6,9 nonadecatetraene and to some structural analogues (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 35 (1984), S. 208-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Operophtera brumata ; sex attractant ; (3Z,6Z,9Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene ; field test ; inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Conclusion (3Z,6Z,9Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene, the synthetic sex pheromone of the female of O. brumata is highly active in attracting males of this species in the field (Germany and Switzerland). No analogous compounds possessing attractivity to O. brumata males have been found up to now, nor did they show any inhibitory effects to the same species. Therefore (3Z,6Z,9Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene (I) can be recommended as a good attractant in the prognosis or monitoring of this lepidopteran pest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217540
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A two-component sex attractant for males of the geometrid moth Alsophila quadripunctata (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 287-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Alsophila quadripunctata ; Geometridae ; sex attractant ; (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene ; (6Z,9Z)-6,9-nonadecadiene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die binäre Mischung der Kohlenwasserstoffe (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-Nonadecatrien [ZZZ3,6,9-19:H] und (6Z,9Z)-6,9-Nonadecadien [ZZ6,9-19:H] in den Verhältnissen 1:1 bis 1:0.01 erwies sich im Freiland als Sexuallockstoff für Männchen von Alsophila quadripunctata (Geometridae, Lepidoptera). Dabei besaß die 1:1-Mischung die beste Fängigkeit, das Nonadecatrien allein lockte schlechter, während das C19-Alkadien unwirksam war. Ein Dosiswirksamkeitstest ergab bei Köderbeladungen von 1.8 mg (Trien:Dien + 1:0.8) die besten Fangergebnisse. Im Verlauf der Untersuchungen wurden weitere zwölf geometrische-oder positionsisomere C19-Polyenkohlenwasserstoffe getestet, wobei keine der geprüften Verbindungen Attraktant-oder Inhibitorwirkung zeigte.
    Notes: Abstract The binary mixture of the hydrocarbons (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene and (6Z,9Z)-6,9-nonadecadiene is a sex attractant for males of Alsophila quadripunctata Esp. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Triene/diene ratios from 1:1 to 1:0.01 attracted males in the field, the ratios 1:1 and 1:0.7 were most effective. The triene on its own also attracted males, but in significantly lower numbers than the 1:1 mixture. In a dosage test the highest dose, 1800 μg of 1:0.8 [triene:diene] mixture applied to rubber caps was most effective. This is the first report of a geometrid sex attractant with field activity containing more than one component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185660
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trail Pheromone of Myrmicine Ant Pristomyrmex pungens (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1025-1034 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ants ; Myrmicinae ; poison gland ; trail pheromone ; 6-n-pentyl-2-pyrone ; monoterpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The myrmicine ant Pristomyrmex pungens marks recruitment trails with poison gland secretions. The effective trail pheromone compound is 6-n-pentyl-2-pyrone. Poison gland components were identified by means of gas chromatographic coupled mass spectrometry. The biological activity was examined in trail-following experiments as well as in gas chromatographic coupled electroantennograms. In addition to 6-n-pentyl-2-pyrone, a number of monoterpenes were found in the poison gland secretion, i.e., α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene, α-phellandrene, α-terpinene, and limonene. The terpenoid compounds increased the trail-following response only slightly when offered together with 6-n-pentyl-2-pyrone. In contrast to the latter component, synthetic monoterpenes elicited no orientation behavior in trail-following bioassays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006386.14952.d7
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mellein, a Trail Pheromone Component of the Ant Lasius fuliginosus (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 779-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ant ; Formicinae ; Lasius fuliginosus ; hindgut ; trail pheromone ; 3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxyisocoumarin ; mellein ; 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-H-pyran-4-one
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 3,4-Dihydro-8-hydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin (mellein) and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one are among the volatile constituents identified from the hindgut of the formicine ant Lasius (Dendrolasius) fuliginosus Mellein induces trail-following behavior in worker ants of this species and evokes electrophysiological responses from their antennae. The trail-following activity released by (R)-(−)-mellein is significantly higher than that elicited by its (S)-(+) antipode, or the racemic mixture. The above-mentioned pyranone is found also in the honeydew of aphids, the customary diet of this ant species. The pyranone also evokes some trail-following behavior, but its activity is far less pronounced than that of mellein. Apparently, extra pheromone components are present in the hindgut, since the activity of these two constituents, either individually or as a mixture, does not completely account for the total activity released by a hindgut extract containing similar amounts of these two compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006410.35938.49
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host Attractants for Red Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus: Identification, Electrophysiological Activity, and Laboratory Bioassay (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 425-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Host attractants ; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus ; coconut pest ; γ-nonanoic lactone ; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A steam distillate from the freshly cut young bark of coconut palm Cocos nucifera was analyzed by gas chromatography, combined gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-MS to detect host attractants for the curculionid weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, one of the major coconut pests in Sri Lanka. A twin FID peak consisting of a minor and a major component was shown to possess electrophysiological (EAG) activity. The minor peak was identified as γ-nonanoic lactone 1, while the major peak was identified as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene 2. In an EAG assay the synthetic racemic nonanoic lactone 1 did not elicit a considerable response in the antenna of R. ferrugineus, whereas the laboratory synthesized 2 showed activity. In a laboratory bioassay using a Y-type olfactometer, synthetic 1 and 2 elicited moderate attractant properties to R. ferrugineus, whereas a 1:1 mixture of the compounds showed increased attraction over that of the individual compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022304601123
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pflanzliche Insektizide IV*. Die insektizide Wirkung des ätherischen Öls aus dem Balsamkraut,Chrysanthemum balsamita L (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of pest science 60 (1987), S. 31-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das ätherische Öl des Balsamkrauts,C. balsamita, besitzt insektizide Wirkung gegenüber der Bleichen Getreideblattlaus,M. dirhodum, die auf den Gehalt von Pyrethrin I zurückgeführt werden kann. Mittels geeigneter Testverfahren wird die Abhängigkeit der Wirksamkeit vom Erntezeitpunkt der Pflanzen bestimmt und die insektizide Wirkung mit der eines handelsüblichen Pyrethrum-Präparats verglichen.
    Notes: Abstract The essential oil ofChrysanthemum balsamita L. revealed insecticidal properties when tested againstM. dirhodum aphids. The insecticidal activity was attributed to the presence of pyrethrine I in the oil. By an appropriate testing procedure, the dependence of the activity upon the time of harvesting of the plants was determined. Furthermore, the insecticidal effect of the oil was compared with that of a commercially available pyrethrum preparation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01904708
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