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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 3 (1983), S. 605-622 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Natural ; Convection ; Stream ; Function ; Finite ; Element ; Formulation ; C1 ; Continuity ; Truncated ; Quintic ; Restricted Variational Principle ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element stream function formulation is presented for the solution to the two-dimensional double-glazing problem. Laminar flow with constant properties is considered and the Boussinesq approximation used. A restricted variational principle is used, in conjunction with a triangular finite element of C1 continuity, to discretize the two coupled governing partial differential equations (4th order in stream function and second order in temperature). The resulting non-linear system of equations is solved in a segregated (decoupled) manner by the Newton-Raphson linearizing technique.Results are produced for the standard test case of an upright square cavity. These are for Rayleigh numbers in the range 103-105, with a Prandtl number of 0.71. Comparisons are made with benchmark results presented at the 1981 International Comparison study in Venice. In the discussion of results, emphasis is placed on the variation of local Nusselt number along the isothermal walls, particularly near the corner. This reveals a noticeable source of error in the evaluation of the maximum Nusselt number by lower order discretization methods.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 26 (1998), S. 837-850 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: dense gas dispersion ; radiation absorption ; discrete transfer method ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A numerical model is presented for the prediction of thermal radiation absorption in dense gas clouds during accidental release in the atmosphere. The model is based on the discrete transfer method (DT method) that was originally developed for modelling radiation in combustion chambers. The radiation model assumes a number of representative rays of predetermined orientation fired from each of the domain boundaries. Each ray is traced through the domain elements until reaching another boundary where it is terminated. Radiation sources are calculated for each element by performing an energy balance across each element for each ray passing through it. The energy sources recovered are fed into the finite element flow solver for every time step in the energy equation. The model proved accurate, and memory and computer time efficient. It showed that accounting for radiation effects lead to improved predictions. It also showed that in certain scenarios, radiation effects could be predominant. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 24 (1997), S. 291-317 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations ; dense gas dispersion ; density stratification ; anisotropic turbulent viscosity ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A state-of-the-art model is developed for the simulation of the dispersion of hazardous toxic or flammable gases heavier than air in the atmosphere. The model depends on solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations in addition to the energy equation and a species concentration equation for the contaminant gas. Turbulence closure is achieved by using a buoyancy-extended version of the standard k- ∊ two-equation model. The buoyancy extension is introduced to account for the anisotropic turbulent viscosity resulting from the strong stratification introduced by the dense gas clouds. The spatial discretization is achieved via the Galerkin finite element method, while the solution is advanced in time using the forward Euler method. A special element layer is introduced in the near-ground region to bridge the gap between the solid wall and the main solution domain where the turbulence model can be applied. This special element layer eliminates the need to apply the wall function in the standard way where any oscillations in the pressure field could contaminate the velocity solution. The model was tested against the Burro-8 field trial and could predict the experiment satisfactorily to within the experimental uncertainties of the reported results. © by 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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