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  • 1
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 207 (1965), S. 1084-1085 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The experiment has now been performed in Sydney, Australia. For this we should like to express appreciation for assistance from the University of Sydney, Tufts University, and the U.S. National Science Foundation. The apparatus was modelled on Shapiro's. It was a tank, 6 ft. in diameter and 9 in. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 21 (1989), S. 101-135 
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 3255-3264 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Equations for the second-order conditional moments of reactive scalars are derived. For one-step reaction with equal diffusivity these can be reduced to a single equation for the conditional variance, which is the same for all reactive species. The various terms in the equation have been modeled in light of the experimental data for a turbulent reactive-scalar mixing layer. In comparison with conventional second-order moment closure the conditional means do not vary with the cross-stream position, the turbulent flux in the cross-stream direction is negligible while the source term needs special attention. Experimental results of the conditional variance at different points across the mixing layer and at various streamwise locations are presented. At each streamwise location the data in general collapse onto each other although the scatter is large. The modeled equations have been solved numerically and are compared with the experimental data. The prediction generally agrees with the data. Two models have been used for the conditional conserved scalar dissipation. One model assumes that the conditional scalar dissipation equals the unconditional one and the other is derived from a mapping closure. Both models give almost identical results for the conditional means and only a small difference for the conditional variance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 9 (1997), S. 1435-1447 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The modelling of differential diffusion with a conditional moment closure (CMC) method is considered. Direct numerical simulations for scalar fields in homogeneous isotropic decaying turbulence are used to quantify the non-unity Schmidt number effects. Unlike the equal molecular diffusion case, where terms involving deviations from the conditional average usually make a negligible contribution, these terms contribute significantly to the equations governing the evolution of the conditional average scalar in the presence of different molecular diffusion coefficients. Together with the conditional scalar dissipation they come to balance conditional scalar diffusion, the driving force of the differential diffusion effects. The shape of the conditional averages of these terms in mixture fraction space coincides with the approximate shape of the conditional average differential diffusion, Qz. Therefore, dividing by Qz they are only functions of time. Conditional moment closure leads to good predictions of Qz provided the time function is properly modelled. A model for the time scale is suggested. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 605-610 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper presents the experimental results on conditional mean transverse velocity across a turbulent scalar mixing layer. The velocity is conditioned on mixture fraction. It is found that the distribution of the conditional mean transverse velocity is closely related to the local mean-mixture fraction in physical space. Near the local mean-mixture fraction a linear relationship exists between the conditional mean transverse velocity and the mixture-fraction fluctuations. Departure from the linear relationship at large mixture-fraction fluctuations is mainly due to the nonlinear distribution of the mean mixture-fraction profile and it is not, as has been suggested by others, due to the limiting velocity of the large eddies in the flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 436-444 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Equations governing the variation through the flow field of averages of quantities such as species mass fractions, conditional on mixture fraction, are derived and modeled. The conditioning variable adds to the independent dimensions of the problem, but it is found that this is offset in some cases by reduction in the spatial dimensionality needed. Predictions are made for the reacting scalar mixing layer, and these show good agreement with experiment. The methodology effectively decouples the kinetics from the large inhomogeneity or macromixing aspects of the flow while preserving the input from the scalar dissipation or micromixing. Arbitrarily complex kinetics may be used within reasonable computational cost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interesting paper of Komori and Ueda1 raises questions of both a theoretical and experimental nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 11 (1999), S. 2679-2695 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Presence of transient events like extinction/ignition in turbulent reacting flows increase conditional fluctuations. Thus, one needs to include the conditional fluctuations of reactive scalars, second order quantities, for conditional moment closure calculation when there are transient events and for predictions of sensitive species like NOx. Transport equations for conditional variances Gii and covariances Gij are derived and studied using a direct numerical simulation (DNS) data base. In high Damköhler number situations, chemically reactive and turbulent diffusive processes balance the effect of scalar dissipation–scalar fluctuations correlation on Gij evolution. Additionally, the dissipation of scalar fluctuation becomes important for low Damköhler number situations. Simple models for the different physical processes are proposed and evaluated. Chemical contributions are modeled using a presumed probability density function (PDF) approach which includes second order contributions. The conditional joint PDF of progress variables for the two steps used are observed to be jointly log-normal or jointly Gaussian depending on whether there is extinction or not. The scalar dissipation rate–scalar fluctuations correlation coefficient does not depend on Reynolds or Damköhler numbers. However, the model constant in the classical model for conditional dissipation of scalar fluctuations depends on Damköhler number. Based on the gradient alignment characteristics observed in the DNS, a new model for the above dissipation is proposed using stationary laminar flamelet theory. This model prediction of the above dissipation is better than the classical model prediction. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
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    Urbana, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    American Journal of Psychology. 69:4 (1956:Dec.) 561 
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