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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sampling Insect Populations for the Purpose of IPM Decision Making (1992)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 37 (1992), S. 427-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.37.010192.002235
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of unpredictable environmental variation generated by year and by seeding-time factors for measuring type 4 stability (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genotype x environmental interaction ; Cultivar x location x year experiment ; Regional trial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Type 4 stability has been proposed to measure a cultivar's homeostatic property to resist unpredictable environmental variation. The requirement for calculating this stability is that the experiment must contain a time factor in addition to the cultivar x location factors. Of the two time factors, year and seeding-time, the latter is less attractive biologically because it represents only a part of the broader context of unpredictable variation represented by years, but it is attractive in terms of shortening the test period. Investigation of historical data from the Eastern Cooperative trials and the Ontario Production trials in Canada indicates that the unpredictable variation generated by seeding-time was about half that generated by year. Although type 4 stability measured by both factors appears to be the same, the stability measured by seeding-time is more prone to variation. The implication is that complete substitution of the year factor by seeding-time is not appropriate, but use of both factors in combination may be sensible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299754
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of a method for cultivar selection based on regional trial data (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 379-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genotype × environment interaction ; Cluster analysis ; Superiority measure ; Stability analysis ; Adaptability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In this study a method for analyzing regional trial data is investigated for its effectiveness in cultivar selection. The method is a synthesis of three procedures: (1) regression analysis for genotype × environment (GE) interaction, and subsequent cluster analysis for grouping cultivars for similarity of response; (2) superiority measure analysis of cultivar performance based on the distance mean square between the test cultivar and the maximum response; (3) type 4 stability analysis for three-way classification data (cultivar × location × year), to measure a cultivar's stability. Each of these three procedures is aimed at different aspects of the selection problem: the first obtains an overview of the types of cultivar response; the second measures a cultivar's general adaptability within the region; the third assesses a cultivar's ability to withstand unpredictable variation, namely that caused by year effects. Four sets of published data, each originally analyzed by a univariate or a multivariate approach, were used as examples. The results suggest that the present method provides direct and useful information for selection purposes. The superiority measure, which is the core of the method, can be used even if the data do not fit the linear model for GE interaction. Plotting the data with a fixed standard represented by the maximum response provides a simple visual tool for identifying environments where a cultivar performs well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190626
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic properties of four types of stability parameter (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 505-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genotype-environment interactions ; Regional trial ; Diallel crosses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genetic properties of four types of stability parameter for individual genotypes were investigated using a set of diallel cross data (28 genotypes x four locations x 3 years). The specific parameters studied were: the variance of a genotype across environments (T1); the genotype x environment (GE) interaction effect for a genotype, squared and summed across all environments (T2); the residual mean square (MS) of deviations from the regression of a genotype on an environmental index (T3); and years within locations MS for a genotype, averaged over all locations (T4). Each stability statistic was fitted to the additive model, based on the assumption that if the stability parameter is heritable, stability of F1 is most likely to be the average stability of its parents. The results showed that T1 and T4 were additive, but T2 and T3 were not. A study of the consistency of stability rankings between two seeding rates over the same set of environments showed a similar pattern. It appears that stability parameters of types 1 and 4 are heritable, and thus useful for selection, while those of types 2 and 3 are nonheritable, and thus not useful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588606
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method of analyzing cultivar x location x year experiments: a new stability parameter (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 425-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genotype x environment interaction ; Regression analysis ; Stability analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Assessment of cultivar performance in a cultivar x location x year experiment is often difficult because of the presence of a location x year interaction. Our objective is to demonstrate a method on separation of environment effects (location x year) into predictable and unpredictabel components. The analysis consists of two parts: (1) a regression analysis based on location effects (averaged over years), assuming that the location means represent predictable environmental variation; and (2) the estimation of stability (denoted type 4) based on the years within location mean squares, assuming that years within location represent unpredictable environmental variation. From the regression analysis in (1), a breeder can determine the optimum range of locations in which a cultivar is well suited, and from (2) he can choose the most stable cultivars. The advantage of type 4 stability is that it is independent of the other cultivars included in the test and of the regression coefficient estimated for predictable variation. Three sets of published data are used to illustrate the analysis. Type 4 stability is compared with type 3 stability (deviation mean square from regression on environmental index) for genetic consistency. The analyses suggest that type 4 stability is consistent and is therefore a potential genetic parameter, but type 3 stability is not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265344
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new technique for the study of reactive species generated during the initial stages of polymer photodegradation (1992)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 27 (1992), S. 421-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A low temperature ESR technique has been developed for the observation of free radical intermediates generated in clear polymer films during photolysis by UV light under nitrogen. The technique is simple and reproducible, and can be used for polymers having glass transition temperatures at or about room temperature without the need to employ spin traps. The generation of free radicals can be monitored and quantified during exposure, and the radical yields obtained can then be correlated with the chemical structure of the polymer to provide a rapid predictive evaluation of the exterior durability of the polymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309699
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural characterization of polyester resins by electrospray mass spectrometry (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 1589-1597 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sixteen different polyester paint resins have been examined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in a novel application of the technique for structural analysis of polyesters. Synthetic resins typically contain a range of polymeric structures comprised of various ratios of the monomeric components. When polyesters are analyzed by ESI-MS, singly and doubly charged ions are produced and oligomeric species of the polyesters can be clearly identified. The addition of alkali metal salts to the polyester samples and modification of the solvent system was also found to dramatically enhance the ESI-MS efficiency of polyesters. The ESI mass spectra enabled identification of the range and relative abundance of chemical structures present in each sample. Using this information, average molecular weights, polydispersity, the distribution of acid versus alcohol end groups, overall monomer proportions, average functionality per molecule, and average frequency of branching per molecule have been calculated. The identities of peaks in the ESI-MS spectra have been confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070561209
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