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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Sarcoidosis ; Calcium metabolism disturbance ; Renal disease ; Sarkoidose ; Calciumstoffwechselstörungen ; Nierenerkrankungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 38 Patienten mit unbehandelter Sarkoidose und 33 Kontrollpersonen erfolgte die Bestimmung von Gesamtcalcium und ionisiertem Calcium im Serum und des Calcium/Kreatinin-Quotienten im 24 h- und Morgenurin. Bei allen hypercalciurischen Patienten wurde eine Abdomenleeraufnahme, bei Patienten mit Stein- oder Kolikanamnese ein i.v.-Urogramm angefertigt. Bei Analyse der aktuellen Serumcalciumbestimmungen fand sich bei 3 (7,9%) von 38 Patienten eine Hypercalcämie. Bei Mitbeurteilung von Serumcalciumbestimmungen in der vorausgegangenen Kontrollperiode zeigten allerdings 8 (33%) von 24 untersuchten Patienten zuweilen eine geringgradige klinisch nicht relevante Erhöhung des Gesamtcalciums. Die ionisierte Calciumfraktion war bei 10 (27,8%) von 36 untersuchten Sarkoidosepatienten erhöht. Die mittlere Konzentration des ionisierten Serumcalciums lag bei den Sarkoidosepatienten signifikant höher (p〈0,05) als in der Kontrollgruppe (4,56±0,25 mg-% vs 4,45±0,13 mg-%). Als häufigste Calciumstoffwechselstörung fand sich bei 20 Patienten (52,6%) eine Hypercalciurie (Calcium/Kreatinin-Quotient 〉0,15 im 24 h-Urin). Der Calcium/Kreatinin-Quotient war bei den Sarkoidosepatienten significant höher (p〈0,001) als in der Kontrollgruppe (0,15±0,05 vs. 0,10±0,04). Anhand der Bestimmung des gleichen Quotienten im Morgenurin nach einer 10stündigen Fastenperiode erfolgte die pathogenetische Aufschlüsselung der Hypercalciurie: Bei 12 Patienten ist eine intestinal-absorptive Form und bei 8 Patienten eine ossär-resorptive Form der Hypercalciurie anzunehmen. Nur bei 3 Patienten (7,9%) mit Hypercalciurie fand sich eine Urolithiasis. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, daß eine vermehrte Calciumfreisetzung aus den Knochen oder eine intestinale Calcium-Hyperabsorption für den gestörten Calciumstoffwechsel bei Sarkoidose verantwortlich sind. Da die in der Literatur angegebenen Messwerte der Vitamin-D-Metaboliten bei Sarkoidosepatienten Normalwerte ergeben, muß eine individuell unterschiedliche Sensitivitätszunahme der Zielorgane des Vitamin D Darm und Knochen als Ursache der Calciumstoffwechselstörungen bei Sarkoidosepatienten postuliert werden.
    Notes: Summary Determination of total and ionized serum calcium and of calcium/creatine ratio in urine collected over a 24 h period and in urine obtained in the morning after an overnight fast was performed in 38 patients with untreated sarcoidosis and a control-group of 33 healthy volunteers. In all patients with hypercalciuria abdominal x-ray in supine position was performed and in addition an intravenous urogram in those cases with a history of renal stone disease and/or renal colic. Mild hypercalcemia was only found in 3 (7.9%) of 38 patients with sarcoidosis. In 24 patients with repeated calcium determinations whole serum calcium was at times moderately elevated (〉10.2 mg%) in 8 patients (33%). Elevation of ionized serum calcium was detected in 10 (27.8%) of 36 patients. In these patients mean ionized calcium concentration was significantly higher (p〈0.05) than in normal controls (4.56±0.25 mg% vs. 4.45±0.13 mg%). 20 patients (52.6%) showed an elevated urinary calcium/creatinine ratio (〉0.15). Calcium/creatinine ratios were significantly higher (p〈0.001) in patients with sarcoidosis than in controls (0.15±0.05 vs. 0.10±0.04). Determination of calcium/creatinine ratio both in 24 h urine and in urine collected in the morning after an overnight fast showed that 12 patients were intestinal calcium hyperabsorbers, whereas 8 patients had increased mobilisation of bone calcium. Renal stone disease was found in only 3 patients (7.9%) with hypercalciuria. Our results indicate that increased calcium release from bone or intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium are responsible for the disturbed calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis. Since vitamin D metabolites have been reported to be normal in patients with sarcoidosis, intestinal calcium hyperabsorption and increased mobilisation of bone calcium may be explained by an increased and individually different sensitivity of the target organs bone and gut to vitamin D in sarcoidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 50 (1972), S. 819-823 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Ionised Calcium ; Hemodialysis treatment ; Ionisiertes Calcium ; Hämodialysebehandlung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ionisiertes Calcium im Serum wird bei hämodialysierten Patienten mittels spezifischer Elektrode gemessen und seine Beeinflussung durch das Dialyseverfahren verfolgt. Es ist tief nur nach kurzzeitiger Hämodialysebehandlung, normal oder hoch sowohl nach kurzzeitiger als auch nach längerer Therapiedauer. Bei einer Calciumkonzentration von 6 mg-% im Dialysat ist bei tiefer oder normaler Konzentration des ionisierten Calciums ein Anstieg im Blut nach einmaliger Passage durch die künstliche Niere zu beobachten; hohe Konzentrationen können gesenkt werden. Bei Erhöhung des Calciumgehaltes im Dialysat auf 8 mg-% kommt es zu einer deutlich größeren Zunahme des ionisierten Calciums, welche indessen wesentlich übertroffen wird durch die Zunahme des Gesamtcalciums.
    Notes: Summary Ionised serum calcium was measured with a specific electrode in patients on chronic hemodialysis treatment. It was found to be low after a short treatment period only, but was normal or high after short—as well as after long—term dialysis. A dialysate calcium of 6 mg-% increases low or normal ionised calcium levels in the blood as observed during passage through the artificial kidney; it may decrease elevated concentrations. The increase of the dialysate calcium to a level of 8 mg-% was followed by a marked rise of the ionised calcium and an even greater increase of the total calcium concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 307-310 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renal calcium excretion ; hyperparathyroidism ; hypercalciuria ; Renale Calciumausscheidung ; Hyperparathyreoidismus ; Hypercalciurie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das tubulär rückresorbierte Calcium ist hoch bei primärem Hyperparathyreoidismus im Vergleich zu Kontrollpersonen und Patienten mit resorptiver Hypercalciurie. Der prozentuale Anteil von filtriertem Calcium, welcher tubulär rückresorbiert wird, ist bei primärem Hyperparathyreoidismus und Hypercalciurie im Mittel tiefer als bei Kontrollpersonen: es könnte sich dabei im ersten Fall um den Ausdruck der Sättigung einer maximalen tubulären Transportkapazität handeln; im zweiten Falle könnte ein relativer Hypoparathyreoidismus und damit geringe parathormonbedingte Stimulation der Calciumrückresorption im Spiele stehen.
    Notes: Summary The tubular reabsorption of calcium is increased in primary hyperparathyroidism as compared to control subjects and patients with resorptive hypercalciuria. The mean percentage of filtered calcium being reabsorbed by the renal tubules is decreased in primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalciuria. This might point towards a maximal tubular transport capacity being exceeded in some cases of primary hyperparathyroidism whereas a relative hypoparathyroidism with decreased stimulation of tubular calcium reabsorption might be involved in hypercalciuria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 499-508 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diabetic nephropathie ; Hemodialysis ; Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ; Allotransplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 27 patients suffering from end stage diabetic renal failure were treated by hemodialysis (HD) [8], continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) [13] or kidney allotransplantation after previous dialysis (KT) [13]. The mean age of the patients was 39.8±9.8, 44.8±11.3 and 33.8±5.7 for HD, CAPD and KT groups respectively. The cumulative patient survival after 1 and 2 years of treatment was 24%/0%, 56%/0% and 70%/50% for HD, CAPD and KT treatment. The cumulative allotransplant survival amounted to 40% after 1 year and to 20% after 2 and 3 years. Causes of death included cardiovascular complications in 7 patients, especially during HD treatment; infections occured in 6 patients during CAPD treatment and after kidney allografting. Hypertension persisted during HD treatment and disappeared in 1/3 of the patients after KT. Non lethal cardiovascular problems were observed during all treatment regimens and were more prominent in HD patients. In 2 patients, 3 amputations of the legs had to be performed after KT. Visual power detoriated in more than half of the patients on HD and in one third during CAPD; it remained stable in half of the patients after KT. Neuropathy detoriated during HD, was stable during CAPD and improved after KT. Rehabilitation was better during CAPD or after KT than during HD. The results of kidney replacement therapy in diabetics are worse than in non diabetic patients due to extrarenal organ damage. Early renal transplantation might prove to ameliorate this situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis ; Oral calcium loading test ; Hypercalcemia/hypercalciuria ; Increased intestinal calcium absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seventeen patients who recurrently formed idiopathic calcium kidney stones (SF) and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy blood donors (H) were challenged by an oral calcium load (1 g) after an overnight fast. Their usual diet was not changed before the test. Urine samples were taken before, 2 1/2, and 4 h after the calcium load. A blood sample was drawn 3 3/4 h after calcium loading. Before and 2 1/2 h after calcium dosage urinary measurements of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, oxalate, uric acid, and creatinine did not reveal any differences between SF and H. According to the calciuria after 4 h SF were separated in normocalciurics (NCSF) and hypercalciurics (HCSF). Ninetenths of the NCSF had higher serum ionic calcium levels than H after calcium load (P〈0.001), whereas HCSF were not different from H. Serum phosphate in SF was lower than in H (P〈0.001). Carboxy-terminal parathormone, measured in 3 NCSF and in 2 HCSF, was normal. Depending on the calciuria or calcemia 4 h after an oral calcium load, 16 of 17 SF showed a metabolic abnormality (hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria). It is concluded that intestinal calcium absorption in SF might be increased to variable rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 411-416 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Calcium ; Oxalate nephrolithiasis ; 24 h urine ; Chemical analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chemical findings were obtained from 24 h urine samples of 43 male calcium-oxalate stone-formers on an unrestricted diet. Results were compared with data from 51 age-matched healthy blood donors. No differences were found in the excreted quantities of calcium, oxalic acid, uric acid and inorganic phosphate, nor in the calcium to creatinine ratio or the activity product of calcium and oxalic acid. The only differences were a higher output of magnesium and a higher magnesium to calcium ratio for controls. The extent of these differences, however, does not justify further subdivision of the group of stone-formers. The diagnostic and therapeutic significance of the chemical analysis of one 24 h urine sample is doubtful for this group of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 73-84 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Kidney allograft transplantation ; Urinary tract infection ; Leucocyturia ; Antibody-coated bacteria ; Transplant pyelonephritis ; Nierentransplantation ; Harnwegsinfekt ; Leukozyturie ; antikörperbesetzte Bakterien ; Transplantatpyelonephritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Anläßlich von 1802 Urinuntersuchungen bei 216 ambulanten Trägern von Nierenallotransplantaten wurden 274 signifikante Bakteriurien festgestellt. Bei 30 Patienten wurden rezidivierende oder chronisch persistierende Harnwegsinfekte beobachtet, wobei 399 Befunde von Urinuntersuchungen ausgewertet wurden (13,3 Untersuchungen pro Patient). Es handelte sich um 15 Patienten mit klinischer und/oder pathologisch-anatomisch verifizierter Transplantatpyelonephritis und um 11 Patienten mit Cystitis. Vier Patienten mit urologischen Komplikationen nach Transplantation wurden von der Studie ausgeschlossen. Besonderes Gewicht für die Diagnose einer Transplantatpyelonephritis erlangen kontinuierliche Leukozyturie und der Nachweis antikörperbedeckter Urinbakterien. Beide Befunde wurden bei allen Patienten mit Transplantatpyelonephritis mehrfach erhoben. Wichtige klinische Symptome sind Fieber und Dysurie. Im Gegensatz zur Kontrollgruppe mit Cystitis kann bei 13 von 15 Patienten mit Transplantatpyelonephritis eine Abnahme der Transplantatfunktion festgestellt werden; zwei Patienten wurden erneut dialysebedürftig. Eine weitere schwerwiegende Komplikation stellt die Urosepsis bei acht von 15 Patienten dar. Die Ergebnisse weisen mit 15 Erkrankungen bei 26 Patienten auf die Häufigkeit einer Transplantatpyelonephritis bei chronischer Harnwegsinfektion nach Nierentransplantation hin. Begünstigt wird ihr Auftreten durch eine Abflußbehinderung in den ableitenden Harnwegen (acht von 15 Patienten) und durch hochdosierte immunosuppressive Therapie: acht der 15 Patienten erhielten beim Auftreten der Pyelonephritis mehr als 10 mg Prednison/die. Durch Infektkontrolle konnte die Nierenfunktion bei drei Patienten gehalten werden, bei Abschluß der Untersuchung war die Funktionseinbuße des Transplantates bei vier Patienten teilweise reversibel.
    Notes: Summary Examinations of the urine in 216 kidney allograft recipients resulted in significant bacteriuria in 274 samples of 1,802 urines tested. Bacteruria was found in 30 patients with recurrent or chronic persistent infections of the urinary tract; this patient group was studied by examination of 399 urine samples (mean 13.3 samples per patient). Four patients suffered from urologic complications after kidney grafting and were excluded from the study; 15 patients were diagnosed clinically and/or histologically with transplant pyelonephritis, 11 patients with cystitis. Of main importance for the diagnosis of transplant pyelonephritis were findings of persistent leucocyturia and the presence of antibody-coated bacteria. Both of these findings were repeatedly seen in all patients with transplant pyelonephritis. Clinical symptoms included fever and dysuria. In contrast to patients suffering from cystitis, transplant function detoriated in 13 of 15 patients with transplant pyelonephritis; two patients had to be treated by hemodialysis. Septicemia occurred in eight of the 15 patients studied. The data illustrate the frequency of transplant pyelonephritis as observed in 15 of 26 patients accompaining chronic urinary tract infection after kidney allograft transplantation. As a predisposing factor, obstruction of the urinary tract was diagnosed in eight of the 15 transplant recipients with pyelonephritis. The prednisone dose was higher than 10 mg in eight of 15 patients at the time transplant infection was diagnosed. Successful antibiotic treatment resulted in stable transplant function in three patients; four patients exhibited even lower serum creatinine levels after therapy.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Immune complexes ; Renal transplantation ; Rejection episodes ; Morphological types
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a prospective study circulating immune complexes (CIC) were analyzed before and serially after renal transplantation in 141 consecutive patients. CIC were measured using the Raji cell assay as originally described by Theofilopoulos and Dixon. The amount of CIC was expressed as µg heat aggregated human immunoglobulin G (IgG) equivalent/ml serum. The upper limit of normal sera was 25 µg/ml. The values are expressed as geometric means (−1 SD/+1 SD). In 86 of 133 rejection episodes a renal biopsy was performed and the histopathologic changes were semiquantitatively assessed and classified in a cellular or vascular type of rejection. Before transplantation CIC were detected in 104 of 141 patients (73.8%) and the mean value was 65.6 (27.8–154.9) µg/ml. The level of CIC was positively correlated with the number of grafts (r:0.43;P〈0.01) and the occurrence of chronic active hepatitis (r:0.31;P〈0.01). No correlation was found between CIC and the underlying kidney disease, the number of blood transfusions prior to transplantation, and the pre-existing lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Graft survival and number of rejection episodes were not influenced by the level of CIC prior to transplantation. After transplantation CIC were elevated in 60 patients (41%), appeared transiently in 49 patients (35%) and were never detectable in 32 patients (23%). In patients with a graft survival ≦11 months the average and peak post-transplant CIC levels were significantly higher than patients with a graft survival of 12 months: 64.4 (21.8–191.0); 87.7 (26.0–295.8) versus 39.6 (18.4–85.3); 56.8 (21.0–150.1) µg/ml;P〈0.01. There was a positive correlation between CIC and serum creatinine in the post-transplant period (P〈0.001). The histopathologic severity and morphological type of rejection did not correlate with CIC. In patients without rejection episodes CIC were significantly lower: 41.2 (39.6–42.9) than patients with rejection episodes: 61.8 (56.2–68.0);P〈0.05.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Peritonitis ; CAPD ; Initial treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three initial treatment schedules of peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis are analysed. In 20 patients 56 peritonitides were treated by co-trimoxazole, 29 episodes in 20 patients by cefazolin, and 29 infections in 22 patients by vancomycin. The efficiency of the treatment modes was comparable. Vancomycin was found to be appropriate in particular because of the resistance characteristics of bacterial isolates.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 620-624 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Reversible myelodysplasia ; Azathioprine ; Kidney allotransplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three recipients of kidney allotransplants developed dysmyeloproliferative syndromes which were fully reversible after switching from azathioprine to cyclosporin A for immunosuppression. Similar bone marrow changes described in the literature progressed to leukemia. Whether the abnormalities observed in our patients could be early stages of the disease described in the literature and whether a fatal development can be prevented by changing the immunosuppressive therapy remains to be elucidated.
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