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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 251-254 (Oct. 1997), p. 475-482 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 210 (1966), S. 407-408 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In order to test the accuracy of the results obtained within the temperature range 400-600 C, the eutectoid temperature of the Fe-O system was measured by two methods involving galvanic cells. The first method involved measurements between 400 and 1,000 C, while the second involved measurements ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 3-12 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: S-O-C equilibria ; computer calculations ; sulfur and oxygen partial pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Equilibria in the S-O-C gas system have been calculated, for a variety of starting values of CO, CO2, and SO2 between 550–1100° C, assuming the existence of 10 gaseous species. It is shown that the species COS, SO3, CS, and SO may form in concentrations sufficiently high that values of sulfur and oxygen partial pressures, calculated from the initial values of CO, CO2, and SO2, are in error. Results are given for three sets of initial compositions and are available for 39 more.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 19 (1983), S. 37-52 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; sulfidation ; penetration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Thermodynamic assessment of sulfur penetration through otherwise protective scales such as Cr2O3, Al2O3 has been carried out for Co-Cr- and Co-Cr-Al-base alloys. Limiting conditions for sulfide formation following gas molecular transport and solution-diffusion transport have been established and the results partially confirmed by experiments carried out on Co-10Cr, Co-25Cr, and Co-10Cr-5Al alloys in sulfurous atmospheres. The results show that molecular transport of sulfurous gas species through the growing oxide scale definitely occurs. It was not possible to confirm or disprove the solutiondiffusion mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 457-474 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: cobalt-chromium alloys ; oxidation sulfidation ; conjoint attack
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Cobalt alloys containing up to 25% chromium have been exposed to Ar-10% SO2 atmospheres at temperatures between 600 and 1000° C. The results show that, although an increase in chromium content leads to a reduction in the reaction rate, even to negligible rates in the cases of the higher chromium contents, all of the alloys are eventually subjected to rapid attack at more or less longer times, depending on the chromium content. The mechanism of the reaction appears to involve the formation of a more or less protective oxide layer which is eventually penetrated by sulfur. The sulfur forms chromium sulfides at the metal-scale interface, removing the chromium from solution and causing an expansion that cracks the protective scale, allowing both the ingress of gas and the formation of rapidly growing cobalt compounds. The process occurs rapidly with Co-5% Cr alloys, whereas, only the initial sulfur penetration is observed with Co-25% Cr alloys during the time scale of the investigation. The penetration of sulfur is thought to occur as a molecular gas species permeating through the scale down physical defects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 12 (1978), S. 23-34 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: cobalt ; oxidation ; sulfidation ; conjoint attack
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The attack of cobalt by sulfur and oygen simultaneously in Ar-SO2 atmospheres in the temperature range 500–900°C has been found to conform to the pattern established by the attack of other metals under similar conditions. A thermodynamic and kinetic interpretation of the mechanism has been proposed. The results also indicate that during the initial stages sulfur diffuses through the initially formed oxide layer, eventually leading to formation of the commonly observed duplex sulfide and oxide scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 12 (1978), S. 173-181 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; hot corrosion ; sulfidation ; preoxidation ; scale penetration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The transport of sulfur through growing scales may occur by chemical (solution and diffusion) or physical (gas molecule permeation) mechanisms. Both possibilities are examined theoretically for the case of NiO growing on nickel. Experiments are designed and carried out to establish which mechanism plays the major role in sulfur transport. The results indicate that the physical mechanism is likely to be predominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 12 (1978), S. 191-204 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: sulfur solubility ; NiO ; CoO ; defect structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The solubility of sulfur in NiO and CoO at 1000°C has been investigated over a wide range of oxygen and sulfur partial pressures using CO, CO2, and SO2 as input gases. The concentration of dissolved sulfur increases regularly with sulfur partial pressure but appears to be insensitive to oxygen partial pressure. Dissolution of sulfur did not affect the electrical conductivity of NiO samples. It was concluded that sulfur probably dissolves, in the range 10−2 −10−3%, either by exchange with O−2 ions occuping O−2 sites as S−2 ions, or as neutral sulfur on interstitial sites. The scatter in results prevented a more definite conclusion being drawn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 34 (1990), S. 47-70 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: erosion ; oxidation ; angle of incidence ; nickel ; cobalt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The combined erosion-oxidation of cobalt and nickel at 600 and 780°C over a range of particle-impact angles has been studied by using weight change vs. time measurements and extensive morphological and microstructural characterization of exposed specimens. The oxidation process has been found to affect the angular dependence of the degradation rates. The effect is especially significant at low-impact angles where ripples and flakes are developed upon the surfaces of specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 34 (1990), S. 23-45 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: erosion ; oxidation ; high-temperature corrosion ; interactions ; nickel ; cobalt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The combined erosion-oxidation of nickel, cobalt, and the oxides of these metals have been studied at 780°C in air to examine two regimes of interactionnamely, a regime of erosion-enhanced oxidation during which an oxide scale of constant thickness covers metal specimens, and a regime of oxidation-affected erosion that is characterized by a composite surface layer of metal, oxide, and erodent. In the case of cobalt, these two regimes have been documented and the transition from one regime to another described. For the range of conditions examined, only the oxidation-affected erosion regime was observed for nickel due to its lower oxidation rate compared to cobalt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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