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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucagon-like peptide-1 does not have a role in hepatic carbohydrate metabolism (1985)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 28 (1985), S. 920-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucagon-like peptide-1 ; glucagon ; specific receptors ; cyclic AMP ; liver cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glucagon-like peptide-1 does not have specific, high-affinity receptors on rat liver membranes, does not displace glucagon from glucagon receptors on these membranes and does not stimulate the production of cyclic AMP by isolated rat hepatocytes. In the presence of glucagon, high concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1 do not significantly alter the production of cyclic AMP. Thus, glucagon-like peptide-1 appears unlikely to have a direct action on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00703137
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and insulin secretion from the isolated perfused canine pancreas (1978)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 14 (1978), S. 413-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Isolated perfused canine pancreas ; VIP ; GIP ; caerulein ; gastrin ; secretin ; glucagon ; bombesin ; acetyl choline ; adrenaline ; release of insulin ; release of glucagon ; release of PP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) by gut hormones, acetyl choline and adrenaline was investigated in an isolated perfused pancreas preparation. PP was potently released by 1 nmol/l caerulein (186±12%, p〈0.001) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) (211±31%, p〈0.005) as well as by 1 [νmol/l acetyl choline (1097±59%, p〈0.001). A significant two-fold release of PP was also evoked by 1 nmol/l vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (129±38%, p〈0.02 and gastrin (108±25% p〈0.01). Insulin release, induced by high glucose concentration was enhanced by both GIP (210 ±38%, p〈(0.01) and VIP (48±5%, p〈0.001). In addition GIP enhanced the release of glucagon by 179±18% (p〈0.001) at 1.4 mmol/l glucose and by 127±24% (p〈0.005) at 8.3 mmol/l glucose. Thus no simple inter-relationship appears to exist between the control of the three circulating islet hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01228136
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved glucose tolerance four hours after taking guar with glucose (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 21-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Dietary fibre ; guar ; glucose tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To gain some insights about the possible cumulative metabolic effect after a high-fibre meal, 6 subjects took two 80 g oral glucose loads, 4 h apart. Addition of 22.3 g guar to the first load decreased the rise in blood glucose and insulin after the second (guar-free) load by 50% (p〈0.002) and 31% (p〈 0.02) respectively. This corresponded with decreased 3-hydroxybutyrate levels at the start of the glucose tolerance test after guar (by 20%, p〈0.02). When no guar was added to the first glucose load, both 3-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids tended to rise before the second test. No significant effect was seen in the responses of the gut hormones, gastric inhibitory peptide and enteroglucagon. Spreading the intake of the first 80 g of glucose over the initial 4 h (2 subjects) similarly flattened the glycaemic but increased the insulin response. The effect of guar on carbohydrate and fat metabolism, therefore, lasts at least 4 h and may result in improved carbohydrate tolerance to subsequent guar-free meals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistent metabolic abnormalities in diabetes in the absence of glucagon (1977)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 13 (1977), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Hyperglucagonaemia ; suppression of plasma glucagon ; arginine infusion ; pancreatectomised subjects ; diabetic controls ; glucose ; 3-hydroxybutyrate ; glycerol ; alanine ; lactate ; pyruvate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to investigate the contribution of glucagon to the abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetes, hormones and metabolites were measured in response to IV arginine in 5 juvenile onset (control) diabetics and 5 totally pancreatectomised subjects. In the basal state, both control diabetics and pancreatectomised patients showed abnormally elevated levels of plasma glucose, blood 3-hydroxybutyrate, glycerol and plasma free fatty acids (NEFA), although no glucagon was detectable in the plasma of the pancreatectomised subjects. Blood concentrations of the gluconeogenic precursors alanine and glycerol were higher in the pancreatectomised patients than in the diabetics. Following infusion of arginine, the rise in glucagon observed in the diabetics was accompanied by a significant increase in plasma glucose and a fall in blood lactate when compared to the pancreatectomised subjects. In spite of the rise in glucagon in the control diabetics, no significant change was found in the concentrations of ketone bodies, glycerol or NEFA. Thus glucagon does not seem to have a primary role in producing the metabolic abnormalities of diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00996330
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The location of VIP in the pancreas of man and rat (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 18 (1980), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; radioimmunoassay ; pancreas ; gut hormones ; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary VIP has powerful stimulatory effects on both endocrine and exocrine pancreas but its localisation within the gland has not been established. In this study, human pancreas was obtained fresh at surgery (eleven) or within four hours of death (seven). The pancreas was also removed from rats (twenty-two). Immunocytochemical staining showed VIP to be present in fine nerve fibres in all areas of the pancreas. Many fibres were seen in the exocrine pancreas, running between the acini, and around ducts and blood vessels. In addition, dense networks of fibres were observed forming meshes around islets and occasional ganglia were found containing immunoreactive cell bodies. In general, there were fewer VIP fibres in the rat pancreas than in the human, but overall distribution was identical. The mean VIP content of whole human pancreatic tissue was 42±10 pmol/g wet weight (38±9 pmol/g in head, 49±6 pmol/g in body and 42±11 pmol/g in tail). Whole rat pancreatic tissue contained 28±7 pmol/g wet weight while preparations of isolated islets were found to contain 374±30 pmol/g. It is possible that the heavy VIP innervation of the islets described here indicates a role in the regulation of islet hormone release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01228307
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 21 (1981), S. 84-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01789123
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The glucose dependence of pancreatic endocrine responses to 2-deoxyglucose in the calf (1982)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 815-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The initial plasma glucose concentration of unanesthetized calves with cut splanchnic nerves, given 2-deoxyglucose (1.2 mmoles/kg, i.v.), was either lowered by prior starvation, or raised by a continuous infusion of exogenous glucose. Raising the initial plasma glucose concentration completely suppressed the release of pancreatic glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide but substantially enhanced the release of insulin in response to 2-deoxyglucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972289
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular topography of immunoreactive gastrin demonstrated using electron immunocytochemistry (1983)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 713-717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gastrin (G)-producing cells from the mammalian gastric antrum have been investigated using computer-assisted morphometry and a novel double colloidal gold-labeled-immunoglobulin electron immunocytochemical procedure. Correlation analysis of human antral G-cells indicates (p〈0.001) that a single population of granules exists with small (160 nm) electron-dense and large (240 nm) electron-lucent forms representing the extremes. Non-crossreacting region-specific antisera have been used to visualize G-17 and G-34 (progastrin) to the small electron-dense granules and G-17 to the other intermediate forms. From the results we propose a topographic segregation of immunoreactive gastrins within 2 apparently distinct granule subclasses and suggest that this may represent the pathway of granule maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01990288
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide Y in the guinea-pig biliary tract (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 765-767 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary High concentrations of neuropeptide Y (NPY) have been demonstrated in the gall bladder (16.7±5.4 pmol/g), cystic duct (25.4±9.2 pmol/g) and common bile duct (54.7±11.5 pmol/g) of the guinea-pig using a recently developed radio-immunoassay. Immunoreactive NPY containing nerves were demonstrated in all layers of the biliary tree using immunocytochemistry, being particularly dense in the myenteric and mucosal plexuses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01949769
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The regulatory peptide system of the large bowel in equine grass sickness (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 801-806 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In recent years, distinct changes in regulatory peptides have been found in a number of gastrointestinal diseases. Grass sickness is a fatal disease of horses for which the etiology has yet to be fully ascertained. In this study, the peptide-containing nerves and ganglionic and mucosal endocrine cells of the ileum, colon and rectum were investigated in horses with sub-acute or chronic grass sickness and compared with normal controls using immunocytochemistry, at both the light and electron microscopical levels, and radioimmunoassay. A substantial loss of both peptide-containing cells and nerves was found in all of the sick horses, particularly in the ileum. Electron microscopy revealed marked degeneration of nerves in the gut wall. fibers containing granules immunostained for substance P or VIP, using the immunogold staining technique, underwent extensive degranulation in grass sickness, with the formation of multiple vacuoles. Radioimmunoassay of peptide content also showed that the most drastic changes occurred in the ileum. For example, VIP content was significantly reduced from 109±19.8 (mean±SEM) pmoles/g in controls to 6.8±1.4 pmoles/g in grass sickness (p〈0.001) and substance P from 65.9±8.1 to 31.3±9.5 (p〈0.02). These results may have applications in the diagnosis and treatment of grass sickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951962
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