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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basal and insulin stimulated substrate metabolism in tumour induced hypoglycaemia; evidence for increased muscle glucose uptake (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 17-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucose turnover ; forearm technique ; intermediary metabolites ; euglycaemic and hypoglycaemic glucose clamp ; indirect calorimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary While it has very recently been reported that tumour induced hypoglycaemia is characterised by elevated production of insulin-like growth factor 2, the tissues responsible for induction of hypoglycaemia are largely unknown. We have investigated a patient with a large retroperitoneal mass and spontaneous hypoglycaemia. When compared to a reference population the patient displayed: (1) An increased glucose disposal rate and a five-fold elevation of forearm glucose uptake. (2) A decreased endogenous glucose production rate. (3) Decreased circulating levels of lipid intermediates. (4) Increased glucose oxidation and decreased lipid oxidation. (5) Low circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor 2 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 and normal levels of insulin-like growth factor 1. (6) Normal insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic glucose clamp). Blood concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, glucagon, growth hormone and catecholamines were within normal range, but the growth hormone response to hypoglycaemia was blunted. The data suggest that the mechanisms behind tumour induced hypoglycaemia are of systemic nature and that the tissue most prominently affected is striated muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404019
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of intravenous neuropeptide Y on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle in normal rats (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 1361-1367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Neuropeptide Y ; insulin secretion ; insulin sensitivity ; leptin ; clamp technique ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y to normal rats induces a syndrome characterised by obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance and over expression of the adipose tissue ob gene. Little is known about the effect of circulating neuropeptide Y on glucose metabolism, insulin secretion and leptin. We therefore aimed to evaluate the effect of an intravenous infusion of neuropeptide Y on glucose disposal, endogenous glucose production, whole body glycolytic flux, and glucose storage as assessed during euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp. In addition, the insulin-stimulated glucose utilisation index in individual tissues was measured by the 2-deoxy-[1-3H]-glucose technique. The effect of neuropeptide Y on insulin secretion was evaluated by hyperglycaemic clamp. Infusion did not induce any change in endogenous glucose production during basal conditions or at the end of the clamp. Glucose disposal was significantly increased in the rats given neuropeptide Y compared with controls (27.8 ± 1.3 vs 24.3 ± 1.6 mg · min–1· kg–1; p 〈 0.05) as was the glycolytic flux (18.9 ± 1.6 vs 14.4 ± 0.8 mg · min–1· kg–1; p 〈 0.05), while glucose storage was comparable in the two groups. In skeletal muscle, the glucose utilisation index was increased significantly in rats given neuropeptide Y. The glucose utilisation index in subcutaneous and epididimal adipose tissue was not significantly different between the two groups. Plasma leptin was significantly increased by hyperinsulinaemia, but was not affected by neuropeptide Y infusion. Both the early and late phase of the insulin response to hyperglycaemia were significantly reduced by neuropeptide Y. In conclusion neuropeptide Y infusion may increase insulin-induced glucose disposal in normal rats, accelerating its utilisation through the glycolytic pathway. Neuropeptide Y reduces both phases of the insulin response to hyperglycaemia. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 1361–1367]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051077
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing with growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF(1–29)NH2) and somatomedin C measurements for the evaluation of growth hormone deficiency (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 145 (1986), S. 485-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: GRF ; Growth hormone deficiency ; Somatomedin C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Growth hormone (GH) responses to GRF (1 μg/kg BW i.v.) were investigated. Comparison between GRF(1–40) and GRF(1–29)NH2 in 11 young adult volunteers gave identical results. One hundred and thirty-one children and adolescents (45 with idiopathic GHD) were tested with GRF (1–29)NH2. The maximal GH levels (max GH) in response to GRF during the 120 min test period were found suitable to characterize the response. In cases without GHD no correlation to age, sex and pubertal development was observed. A maximal GH level of above 10 ng/ml was found to be normal. In 3 out of 86 children without GHD (one with Turner syndrome; two with simple obesity) max GH fell short of 10 ng/ml, while 11 of 45 cases with GHD exceeded this margin. In GHD, max GH was inversely correlated with age. There was no difference in max GH between groups with or without perinatal pathology as a presumed cause of GHD. GH levels to GRF were positively correlated with maximal GH level during sleep in GHD, but not correlated with responses seen to insulin or arginine. The value of GRF testing for the confirmation of GHD is discussed in the light of other GH stimulatory tests and basal somatomedin C measurements. It is suggested that the combination of testing with GRF and the determination of a basal SmC level offers a safe and convenient way to diagnose GHD in clinically suspected cases, though in some cases further diagnostic tests may be needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02429048
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth hormone treatment in children with preterminal chronic renal failure: No adverse effect on glomerular filtration rate (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 601-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Chronic renal failure ; Recombinant human growth hormone treatment ; Insulin-like growth factors ; Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins ; Progression of renal disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Impaired growth and stunting remains a major therapeutic problem in children with chronic renal failure (CRF). Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment may be beneficial, but concern has been raised about possible side-effects, i.e. deterioration of renal function and glucose intolerance. We have treated 10 prepubertal children with CRF (median age 7.5 [1.7–10.0] years) with 4 IU rhGH/m2 per day s.c. over a period of 1 year. Height velocity increased significantly (P〈0.03) from basal 4.6 (2.0–14.0) cm/year to 9.7 (6.8–17.6) cm/year. Height velocity SDS for chronological age and for bone age increased in all children from basal median −2.3 to +3.8 (P〈0.005). Median glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured by single injection inulin clearance at onset was 18 (11–66) ml/min per 1.73 m2 and did not change significantly during the treatment year. The loss of GFR as estimated by creatinine clearance was similar during the treatment year (median loss 1.3 ml/min per 1.73 m2) compared to the year before treatment (median loss 3.7 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Serum glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test did not change, but fasting as well as stimulated insulin levels increased significantly with time during the study period. It is concluded that the rhGH regimen employed was remarkably effective in improving growth velocity in children with CRF without adversely affecting GFR. Glucose homeostasis remained stable, but at the expense of increased serum insulin levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957731
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Good growth despite very low levels of insulin-like growth factors (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 712-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Insulin-like growth factor ; Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 ; Growth hormone deficiency ; mesenteric cyst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 12.5-year-old girl presented with short stature. Insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-I) and insulin- like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-3) were below the 0.1 percentile. Growth hormone provocation tests disclosed normal responses to l-arginine and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. A huge benign mesenteric cyst was discovered by abdominal ultrasound and completely removed. Subsequently, the girl showed a marked catch-up growth; however, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 remained below the 0.1 percentile. Conclusion These observations imply that growth may take place even with very low levels of insulin-like growth factors. The interpretation of low IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in short children still requires good clinical judgement and basic knowledge of their biological action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050920
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Gewichtsregulation im Rahmen der Anorexia nervosa unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Leptinsekretion (1999)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Body Mass Index ; Untergewicht ; Amenorrhö ; gezügeltes Eßverhalten ; Konstitutionslehre ; Key words Body mass index ; Underweight ; Amenorrhea ; Restrained eating ; Body frame
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Underweight is a key symptom in anorexia nervosa. In this review we summarize recent findings pertaining to weight regulation in this eating disorder. The observation that a body mass index below 13 kg/m2 upon admission for inpatient treatment is associated with a high mortality rate and chronic persistence of underweight is of obvious clinical relevance. A lowered leptin secretion, which results from the weight loss, is presumably of major importance for the development of amenorrhea. We discuss findings pertaining to a reduced body weight in other psychiatric disorders during adolescence in the light of Kretschmer’s findings related to body frame and psychopathology.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Untergewicht ist ein Leitsymptom der Anorexia nervosa. In dieser Übersicht fassen wir neuere Untersuchungen zur Gewichtsregulation im Rahmen dieser Eßstörung zusammen. Klinisch relevant ist die Beobachtung, daß ein Body Mass Index von unter 13 kg/m2 zum Zeitpunkt der Aufnahme in eine stationäre Behandlung mit einer erhöhten Mortalität und dem langfristigen Fortbestehen von Untergewicht assoziiert ist. Eine erniedrigte Leptinsekretion, die als Folge der Gewichtsabnahme entsteht, ist mutmaßlich für das Auftreten der ebenfalls charakteristischen Amenorrhö von zentraler Bedeutung. Wir diskutieren Befunde, die auf das gehäufte Vorkommen von Untergewicht auch bei anderen psychiatrischen Störungen im Jugendalter hinweisen vor dem Hintergrund der Konstitutionslehre von Kretschmer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050398
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does Leptin Have an Effect on Bone in Adult Women? (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 453-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone — Bone density — Bone metabolism — Leptin — Obesity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Recent studies have implicated leptin in the modulation of bone mass during skeletal development. Whether leptin also exerts an influence on bone after growth has stopped is unknown at present. In this cross-sectional study on 94 women (60 premenopausal, 34 postmenopausal) aged 40–60 years, we analyzed the relationship between serum leptin and bone density and bone cortex geometry and bone metabolism. Total and trabecular bone density as well as total and cortical bone area were determined by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) at the distal radius. Bone metabolism was assessed by measuring bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide (PICP) and collagen type I C-terminal telopeptide in serum, and deoxypyridinoline in urine samples. None of the indices of bone density or geometry was significantly related to leptin serum concentrations (P 〉 0.05) before or after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). PICP was associated with serum leptin in the postmenopausal group only (r =−0.40 after adjustment for BMI; P= 0.009). Yet, as none of the other markers of bone metabolism exhibited a significant correlation with serum leptin in any of the menopausal groups, this association is likely to be due to the influence of extraskeletal factors on PICP serum levels. Thus, it appears that leptin has less influence on the mature than on the growing skeleton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900556
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial of growth hormone treatment in prepubertal children with chronic renal failure (1992)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 6 (1992), S. 272-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878370
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth hormone treatment in growth-retarded adolescents after renal transplant (1995)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 9 (1995), S. 181-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00860738
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth hormone treatment in children with preterminal chronic renal failure: no adverse effect on glomerular filtration rate (1993)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 7 (1993), S. 391-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00857547
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