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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further studies on the gangliosidic nature of the cholinergic-specific antigen, Chol-1
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 280 (1990), S. 211-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(90)90538-A
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Creatine Phosphate in the Discharge of the Electric Organ of Torpedo marmorata (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 43 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The role of creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate, as high energy phosphate sources, has been investigated during the discharge and recovery of the electric organ of Torpedo. ATP serves as the immediate source of energy for the biochemical process supporting the electrical activity of the electric organ. Under repetitive stimulation, when the energy demands exceed production, ATP levels are maintained constant at the expense of creatine phosphate. Only when the reservoir of creatine phosphate is depleted do the levels of ATP decrease, and this point corresponds to the state of maximal fatigue of the electric organ. Recovery studies show that the electric organ rapidly recovers the capacity to respond to single pulse stimuli. This recovery is statistically related to the recovery of the levels of ATP and acetylcholine. However, in this phase, the fatiguability of the electric organ is very high since its energy reservoir is still depleted. The complete recovery of the electric organ requires several hours and is closely related to the restoration of the levels of creatine phosphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb12801.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences Between d-Fenfluramine and d-Norfenfluramine in Serotonin Presynaptic Mechanisms (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 40 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The abilities of d-fenfluramine (d-F) and that of d-norfenfluramine (d-NF) to inhibit [3H]serotonin ([3H]5-HT) accumulation in normal and reserpinized synaptosomes were compared to establish to what extent the serotonin-releasing activity of the two drugs might contribute to reduced accumulation of [3H]5-HT. The results indicate that the inhibitory action of (d-NF) on [3H]5-HT accumulation is due principally to its ability to release [3H]5-HT. In contrast, the interference of release in accumulation studies does not seem to play an important role for d-F, suggesting that release from the granular pool and true uptake inhibition are two different mechanisms by which d-F affects serotonin neurons in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb08065.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Denervation on a Cholinergic-Specific Ganglioside Antigen (Chol-1) Present in Torpedo Electromotor Presynaptic Plasma Membranes (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 42 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The presence of Chol-1, an antigen identified in the plasma membrane of cholinergic electromotor nerve terminals of Torpedo marmorata, was investigated in Torpedo electric organ after 3, 6, and 9 weeks’denervation. Denervation was monitored by the cessation of stimulus-evoked discharge potentials, by the reduction in nerve terminals seen morphologically, and by the decrease in ACh and ChAT contents. The content of ganglioside-bound sialic acid did not show any appreciable change with time. Some modification of ganglioside pattern on TLC was observed after 9 weeks’denervation. The presence of Chol-1 after denervation was assayed by its activity in inhibiting the selective complement-induced lysis of the cholinergic subpopulation of guinea pig cortical synaptosome which is mediated by the anti-Chol-1 antiserum. Denervation did not affect Chol-1 immunoreactivity although it did alter the distribution of the immunoreactivity among gangliosides. The possible significance of the results is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb12714.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical evaluation of a cholinergic-specific ganglioside antigen (Chol-1) in the central nervous system of the rat (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 72 (1988), S. 71-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cholinergic-specific ganglioside ; Cholinergic neurons ; Chol-1 ; Spinal cord ; Brain ; Retina ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous work from this laboratory has identified gangliosidic surface markers specific for cholinergic neurons. Antibodies to these markers, collectively designated Chol-1, induce complement-mediated lysis of the cholinergic subpopulation of synaptosomes and provide the basis for a new immunocytochemical method for staining cholinergic neurons in rat, guinea pig and human material. The specification and localization of immunocytochemical staining for Chol-1 was investigated in selected areas of the rat central nervous system. The antigen was typically expressed on all neurons previously identified as being cholinergic using monoclonal antibodies to choline acetyltransferase. At spinal levels Chol-1 was present on large and smaller cell bodies in the ventral horn motoneuron area. The preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the thoracic intermediolateral nucleus were also Chol-1-positive. Nerve terminal-like staining was observed in association with stained large Chol-1 positive and smaller unstained Chol-1 negative neurons, and in lamina I and III of the dorsal horn. In the mesencephalon, motoneurons of the oculomotor and trochlear nucleus, as well as neurons within the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and the red nucleus were Chol-1-positive. In addition visceromotoneurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus were stained with anti Chol-1 antibodies. In the basal forebrain the antibodies gave a positive reaction on well known cholinergic neurons in the vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal bands of Broca and the medial forebrain bundle. In agreement with studies using antibodies to choline acetyltransferase, a small sub-population of neostriatal neurons (1–2%) was Chol-1-positive. In the rat retina, both anti-Chol-1 and anti-choline acetyltransferase antibodies gave rise to a nerve terminal-like staining in the same bands within the inner plexiform layer. The anti-Chol-1 antibodies also stain normal and pathological human material and could have a useful application in human neuropathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248502
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further studies on the mechanism of serotonin-dependent anorexia in rats (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 68 (1980), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: LM 5008 ; Quipazine ; Metachlorophenylpiperazine ; d-Fenfluramine ; Serotonin uptake ; Serotonin release ; Serotonin receptor ; Anorexia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 4-(3-Indolyl-2-ethyl)piperidine (LM 5008), 2-(1-piperazinyl) quinoline (quipazine), and metachlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) were studied for their ability to affect serotonergic mechanisms in vitro. Their relative potency in inhibiting serotonin (5-HT) uptake in vivo and reducing food intake in rats was also examined. mCPP was very potent in displacing 3H-5-HT bound to brain membranes (IC50, 6.2×10-7 M), followed by quipazine, which showed an IC50 of 3.8×10-6 M. LM 5008 was the least effective with an IC50 of 3.6×10-5 M. mCPP and quipazine were less potent than d-fenfluramine in releasing 14C-5-HT from brain synaptosomes, while LM 5008 caused no significant effects at a concentration of 10-5 M. Conversely, both in vitro and in vivo studies on 5-HT uptake showed that LM 5008 was the most potent compound in inhibiting 5-HT uptake and mCPP the least potent. Since a 50% reduction of food intake was not reached even with a dose of LM 5008 27-times higher than the ED50 for inhibiting 5-HT uptake in vivo, it is suggested that even marked inhibition of 5-HT uptake at central synapses is not sufficient per se to trigger serotonin-dependent anorexia in the rat. Increased release and/or direct stimulation of post-synaptic receptors may be necessary to obtain this effect. This could be of interest for developing new agents which can cause anorexia by interacting with brain serotonin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426657
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of sympathetic activation and regular periodic breathing on complexity of heart period variability (2000)
    Springer
    Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie 11 (2000), S. 174-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1544
    Keywords: Key words Heart period variability – regularity – complexity –¶corrected conditional entropy – autonomic regulation –¶controlled breathing – head-up tilt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background. Heart rate exhibits different levels of complexity which are probably related to the neural autonomic modulation. Aim of the study. The aim is to analyze the effect of the sympathetic activation and of a regular periodical external input on the complexity of heart period. Methods. Fifteen healthy young subjects were recorded at rest during spontaneous breathing, during head-up tilt, and at rest during controlled breathing at different rates (10, 15, and 20 breaths/min). The minimum of corrected conditional entropy (CCE) was used to measure complexity (the higher the minimum, the larger the complexity). Spectral indexes in low and high frequency (LF and HF) bands were calculated as well. Results. CCE minimum was significantly lower during tilt and controlled respiration at 10 breaths/min compared to rest during spontaneous breathing, while LF/HF ratio was larger during tilt but smaller during controlled respiration at 10 breaths/min. During faster respiratory rates CCE minimum and the LF/HF were unchanged. No significant correlation was detected between the CCE minimum and the mean or variance of the heart period. CCE minimum was correlated with LF/HF ratio only at rest and during tilt. Conclusions. These results indicate that complexity of heart period is not related to its mean or variance, does not depend only on regularity of respiration, and is affected by interventions capable of entraining different regulatory mechanisms and reducing the number of temporal scales involved on heart period regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003990070036
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of synaptogenesis in the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata by use of antisera to vesicular and presynaptic plasma membrane components (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 439-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synaptogenesis ; Acetylcholine receptor ; Gangliosides ; Heparan-sulphate protoglycan ; Cholinergic nerve terminal ; Torpedo marmorata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synaptogenesis has been studied in the electric organ of embryonic Torpedo marmorata by use of two antisera directed against components of synaptic vesicles (anti-SV) and presynaptic plasma membranes (ap-anti-TSM), respectively. The anti-SV serum was previously shown to recognize a proteoglycan specific for synaptic vesicles. The ap-anti-TSM serum was raised to plasma membranes of synaptosomes derived from the electromotor nerve terminals and affinity-purified on electric-organ gangliosides. The vesicular antigen was first detectable at the 81-mm stage of development, which is 1–2 weeks earlier than the formation of morphologically mature presynaptic terminals, but is coincident with a rise in choline acetyltransferase levels and the ability of the electric organ to generate discharges. The gangliosidic antigen recognized by the ap-anti-TSM was first detectable on the ventral electrocyte surface at the 93-mm stage of development. This indicates that specific carbohydrate epitopes, not present on the growth cones, are expressed during maturation of the nerve terminal. The nerve terminal components recognized by these sera arose pari passu with neurite coverage of the ventral surface of the electrocyte, reaching a maximum in the adult. In contrast, postsynaptic aggregates of acetylcholine receptor, rendered visible with rhodamine-labeled α-bungarotoxin, arose previous to the presynaptic antigens, reaching a maximum surface density at 110 mm and then declining in the adult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215906
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a monoclonal antibody directed against a sulphoglycolipid that is evolutionarily conserved and developmentally regulated in rat brain (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 373-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sulphoglycolipids ; Developmental regulation ; HNK-1 (monoclonal antibody) ; Torpedo marmorata (Elasmobranchii)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) have been raised against acidic glycolipids extracted from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. One of these, designated L9, appears to recognize acidic glycolipids in adult T. marmorata electric organ, electromotor nerves and brain, adult rat sciatic nerve, and in embryonic and neonatal rat brain, starting at embryonic day (ED) 15 and disappearing by the 20th day of post-natal life. The epitope is present in growth cones isolated from 4-day-old rats; its proportion relative to total gangliosides is, however, no higher than that found in whole neonatal brain membranes. Desialidation of the acidic glycolipid fraction modifies neither the immunoreactivity nor the RF value following thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the antigen; it is concluded that the antigen is not a ganglioside. The MAB, HNK-1, recognizes the L9 antigen. Both HNK-1 and L9 recognize a sulphoglycolipid of the same RF in TLC. The function of the L9 antigen is not known but its evolutionary conservation, presence in growth cones and its developmental regulation in the mammalian central nervous system indicate that it plays an important role in nervous system maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218895
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