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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 83 (1907), S. 505-544 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1990), S. 810-810 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Biological effects of radiations ; PACS 61.30 ; Liquid crystals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary In the present work some thermodynamic and structural aspects of electric-, magnetic- and electromagnetic-field interaction at 50 Hz with lecithin liposomes mixed with azelaic acid or cholesterol have been investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Calorimetric scans and X-ray diffraction patterns show that no significant modifications of the two mixtures occur, except a little increase of the freezing temperature of the free water after exposure to electromagnetic field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 1309-1316 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Liposomes of distearoyl phosphatidyl choline (DSPC) in excess water and containing different quantities of cholesterol were studied by using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. A phase diagram was obtained with phases not occurring in the absence of cholesterol. Coexistences of phases were also detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 9 (1987), S. 86-96 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Phase equilibria, phase transitions and critical points of specific substances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Mediante diffrazione dei raggi X, calorimetria differenziale e microscopia ottica sono state studiate le transizioni di fase per miscele binarie di colesteril oleato (CO) e colesterolo (CH). Sono stati ricavati in riscaldamento il diagramma di fase per le transizioni solido-solido e solido-liquido isotropo ed in raffreddamento un diagramma di fase comprendente le mesofasi colesterica e smettica. In particolare sono stati osservati un marcato effetto di sovraraffreddamento del liquido del colesterolo ed una progressiva diminuzione delle temperature di transizione delle fasi liquido-isotropo colesterico e colestericosmettico. Inoltre sono state trovate alcune modificazioni strutturali indotte nella fase smetticaA ed in quella colesterica dalla presenza del CH nel CO. Infine è stata studiata la dipendenza della distanza intermolecolare nella fase liquido isotropo in funzione della temperatura e della composizione della miscela.
    Abstract: Резюме Исследуются фазовые переходы в бинарных смесях олеата холестерила (CO) и холестерола (CH) с помощью дифракции рентгеновских лучей, дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии и оптической микроскопии. Получаются при нагревании фазовые диаграммы, вклюьающие переходы твердое тело-твердое тело и твердое тело-изотропная жидкость, а при охлаждении фазовая диаграмма, включающая холестерическую и смектическую мезофазы. В частности, наблюдается сильные эффект сверхохлаждения дия жидкого холестерола и постепенное уменьшение температур фазовых переходов изотропная жидкость-холестерик и холестерик-смектик. Кроме того, определяются структурные модификации, индуцированные в фазе смектикаА и в фазе холестерика наличием CH и CO. В эаключение, исследуется эависимость расстояния между молекулами в фазе изотропной жидкости, как функция температуры и состава смеси.
    Notes: Summary The phase transitions for binary mixtures of cholesteryl oleate (CO) and cholesterol (CH) have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy. The phase diagrams on heating, involving the solid-solid and solid-isotropic liquid transitions, and on cooling, involving the cholesteric and smectic mesophases, have been derived. In particular, a strong supercooling effect of liquid cholesterol and a progressive decrease of the isotropic liquid-cholesteric and cholesteric-smectic transition temperatures were observed. Moreover, some structural modifications induced in the smecticA and in the cholesteric phase by the presence of CH in CO were detected. Finally the dependence of intermolecular distance in the isotropic liquid phase was studied as a function of temperature and mixture composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 10 (1988), S. 1385-1398 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Liquid crystals ; PACS 64.70 ; Phase equilibria, phase transitions and critical points of specific substances ; Biophysics of neurophysiological processes (excluding perception processes and speech)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto L’interazione fra colesterolo e membrana è particolarmente interessante poiché la concentrazione di colesterolo influenza la stabilità e la permeabilità della membrana, inducendo cambiamenti sulla struttura e dinamica dei lipidi che la costituiscono. D’altra parte il colesterolo è presente nelle placche aterosclerotiche e in malattie della pelle quali xantomi e xantelasmi. È presentato uno studio sulla fase Γ di una miscela acquosa di colesterolo e distearoilfosfatidilcolina (DSPC), mediante diffrazione di raggi X e microcalorimetria differenziale. Il rapporto molare colesterolo/DSPC vale 35/65 e il rapporto peso DSPC/acqua è 1/3. La fase Γ appare a concentrazioni di colesterolo abbastanza alte ed è caratterizzata da ordine posizionale fra le catene considerevolmente piú basso che nelle fasiL β′ eP β′ ma piú, alto che nella fase liquido-cristallinaL ∝ della pura lecitina in eccesso d’acqua. I risultati suggeriscono che nell’intervallo di temperatura d’esistenza della fase Γ esiste una separazione laterale di fase. La seconda fase (Γ′) appare essere piú ricca di colesterolo. Si studia la transizione della fase (Γ+Γ′) alla faseL ∝ e si determina la dipendenza dalla temperatura della lunghezza di correlazione sul piano (ξ) nella fase Γ. In corrispondenza della transizione di fusione delle catene è osservato un picco calorimetrico con entalpia molto bassa; ciò conferma la natura fortemente disordinata della fasi Γ e Γ′.
    Abstract: Резюме Взаимодействие холестерола с мембранами представляет особый интерес с точки зрения, как концентрация холестерола влияет на устойчивость и проницаемость мембраны, индуцируя изменения в структуре и динамике молекул, составляющих липид. С другой стороны холестерол присутсвует в атеросклеротических бляшках и в некоторых кожных заболеваниях. Проводится исследование Γ фазы в водной смеси холестерол-DSPC, используя дифракцию рентгеновских лучей и дифференциальную сканирующую калориметрию. Молекулярное отношение холестерол-DSPC составляет 35/36, а отношение весов DSPC-вода составляет 1/3. Γ фаза возникает при достаточной высокой концентрации холестерола и характеризуется позиционным порядком между цепочками более низким, чем в случае фазL β иP β но более высоким чем в случае фазы жидкого кристаллаL ∝ для чистого лецитина при избытке воды. Полученные результаты показывают, что поперечное разделение фаз сущестует при температурах, когда существует Γ фаза. Возникает другая Γ′ фаза при более высоких концентрациях холестерола. Исследуется фазовый переход из (Γ+Γ′) фазы вL ∝ фазу. Определяется температурная зависимость длины корреляции в Γ фазе. Обнаружен очень слабьй пик энтальпии при нереходе, связанном с плавлением цепочек, что подтверждает сильно разупорядоченную природу фаз Γ и Γ′.
    Notes: Summary The interaction of cholesterol with membranes is particularly interesting as the cholesterol concentration influences membrane stability and permeability by inducing changes in the structure and dynamics of the constituent lipid molecules. On the other hand, cholesterol is present in the atherosclerotic plaques and in some skin diseases, like xanthomas and xantelasmas. An investigation was performed on the Γ phase in a cholesterol-distearoyl phosphatidyl choline (DSPC) mixture by using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The cholesterol/DSPC molar ratio was 35/65 and DSPC-to-water weight ratio was 1/3. The Γ phase appears at sufficiently high concentration of cholesterol and it is characterized by interchain positional order considerably lower than in theL β′ andP β′ phases but higher than in theL ∝ liquid crystalline phase of pure lecithin in excess water. The results suggest that a lateral phase separation exists in the temperature range of existence of the Γ phase. The other phase Γ′ appears to be richer in cholesterol. The (Γ+Γ′) toL ∝ phase transition was investigated and the temperature dependence of the in-plane correlation length in the Γ phase was determined. A very weak enthalpy peak was observed at the chain melting transition, confirming the highly disordered nature of phases Γ and Γ′.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 1293-1308 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We report a thermodynamical and structural investigation on the effect of a dicarboxylic acid, the azelaic acid, on a synthetic phosophatidylcholine in excess water condition. The results indicate that the drug interacts with the lipid headgroup region, near to the hydrocarbon chains: in particular, at higher concentrations investigated, an interdigitated «gel phase», with rigid chains, stiff and perpendicular to the lamellar planes, is induced. The experimental electron density profiles, obtained for samples containing low and high quantity of azelaic acid, support the proposed interaction. Moreover, step electron density models, used to confirm the selected sign combination of the observed structure factors, show the best agreement with the experimental data when the chain terminal methyl groups are frozen in fixed position.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The GLT-1 and GLAST astroglial transporters are the glutamate transporters mainly involved in maintaining physiological extracellular glutamate concentrations. Defects in neurotransmitter glutamate transport may represent an important component of glutamate-induced neurodegenerative disorders (such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and CNS insults (ischemia and epilepsy). We characterized the protein expression of GLT-1 and GLAST in primary astrocyte—neuron cocultures derived from rat hippocampal tissues during neuron differentiation/maturation. GLT-1 and GLAST are expressed by morphologically distinct glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes, and their expression correlates with the status of neuron differentiation/maturation and activity. Up-regulation of the transporters paralleled the content of the synaptophysin synaptic vesicle marker p38, and down-regulation was a consequence of glutamate-induced neuronal death or the reduction of synaptic activity. Finally, soluble factors in neuronal-conditioned media prevented the down-regulation of the GLT-1 and GLAST proteins. Although other mechanisms may participate in regulating GLT-1 and GLAST in the CNS, our data indicate that soluble factors dependent on neuronal activity play a major regulating role in hippocampal cocultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 1223 (1994), S. 333-340 
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: Butyric acid ; Calcium ion release ; Calcium ion storage ; Calsequestrin ; Sarcoplasmic reticulum
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 68 (1903), S. 801-804 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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