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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 51 (1929), S. 1165-1165 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food processing and preservation 25 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4549
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study investigates the resistance of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on stainless steel surfaces to electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water. A direct agar overlay method was used to estimate the attached bacteria on stainless steel coupons after an EO water treatment. A scraping method was also used to quantify the adherent cell populations after the EO water treatment. The stainless steel surface allowed 10 to 15% of the surface area to be covered by Listeria biofilm when the inoculated stainless steel coupon was incubated in 10% tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 23C for 48 h. When the stainless steel coupons containing adherent cells were treated with EO water (56 mg/L of residual chlorine) for 10, 30, 60, 180, and 300 s, adherent cell populations (10.3 log10 CFU/coupon) were reduced with increasing treatment time. Although the direct agar overlay methods do not quantify survival of single bacteria, only one to five cell clumps per coupon survived after 300 s of the EO water treatment. Using the scraping method, the adherent cell population on the stainless steel coupons was reduced by about 9 log cycles after 300 s of EO water treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of shredding, chlorine treatment and modified atmosphere packaging on survival and growth of Listeria monocytogenes, mesophilic aerobes, psychrotrophs and yeasts and molds on lettuce stored at 5°C and 10°C were determined. With the exception of shredded lettuce which had not been chlorine treated, no significant changes in populations of L. monocytogenes were detected during the first 8 days of incubation at 5°C; significant increases occurred between 8 and 15 days. Significant increases occurred within 3 days when lettuce was stored at 10°C; after 10 days, populations reached 108-109 CFU/g. Chlorine treatment, modified atmosphere (3% O2, 97% N2) and shredding did not influence growth of L. monocytogenes. It was concluded that L. monocytogenes is capable of growing on lettuce subjected to commonly used packaging and distribution procedures used in the food industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Food-related illness in the United States is estimated to affect over six million people per year and cost the economy several billion dollars. These illnesses and costs could be reduced if minimum infectious doses were established and used as the basis of regulations and monitoring. However, standard methodologies for dose-response assessment are not yet formulated for microbial risk assessment. The objective of this study was to compare dose response models for food-borne pathogens and determine which models were most appropriate for a range of pathogens. The statistical models proposed in the literature and chosen for comparison purposes were log-normal,(19) log-logistic,(17) exponential,(7,9,17)ß-Poisson(7,9,18) and Welbull-Gamma.(3) These were fit to four data sets also taken from published literature, Shigella fiexneri,(9,12,13)Shigella dysenteriae,(9,11)Campylobacter jejuni,(15,16) and Salmonella typhosa,(7,14) usingthe method of maximum likelihood. The Weibull-gamma, the only model with three parameters, was also the only model capable of fitting all the data sets examined using the maximum likelihood estimation for comparisons. Infectious doses were also calculated using each model. Within any given data set, the infectious dose estimated to affect one percent of the population ranged from one order of magnitude to as much as nine orders of magnitude, illustrating the differences in extrapolation of the dose response models. More data are needed to compare models and examine extrapolation from high to low doses for food-borne pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 11 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fresh tomatoes were shrink-wrapped in film, sealed in gas-flushed film pouches, or stored in cardboard packing crates. All samples were stored at 13°C, and changes in populations of total aerobes, psychrotrophs, yeasts and molds, members of Enterobacteriaceae, and lactic acid bacteria followed. Shrink-wrapping and gas-packaging increased aerobic counts over no packaging, and selected for yeasts and molds. Shrink-wrapping additionally selected for lactic acid bacteria. The greatest number of psychrotrophs but the least number of yeasts and molds developed in unpackaged tomatoes. Shrink-wrapped and gas-packaged tomatoes remained unspoiled at least 6 weeks whereas controls spoiled in 4 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 12 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Changes in the microflora of fresh broccoli shrink-wrapped in film, sealed in gas-flushed film pouches, or stored on ice in cardboard crates and held at 1°C were analyzed. Growth trends for total aerobes, psychrotrophs, yeast/molds, members of Enterobacteriaceae, and lactic acid bacteria did not differ significantly between the packaging treatments (p ≤ 0.05). However, populations of total aerobes in unpackaged broccoli in its final week of storage (week 6) were significantly greater than that of packaged broccoli at week 6. Samples packaged in film remained higher in quality 2 to 3 weeks longer than control samples. Yellowing was the most obvious defect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 169 (1979), S. 92-94 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Patulin was tested for stability at pH values of 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0, using Sbrensen's phosphate buffer at 25 °C. Patulin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. When the percentage of patulin remaining was plotted versus reaction time, apparent first-order reaction plots were obtained. Reaction rate constants for disappearance of patulin ranged from 1.1 x 10−2 h at pH 8.0-5.3 x 10−4 h at pH 6.0. Values for half-life were calculated and ranged from 64 h at pH 8.0 to 1310 h at pH 6.0.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Stabilität von Patulin bei pH-Werten von 6;0, 6,5, 7,0, 7,5 und 8,0 wurde untersucht. Die Reaktionen wurden bei 25 °C und mit dem Phosphatpuffer von Sörensen durchgeführt. Die Patulin-konzentrationen wurden durch Hochdruckflüssigkeits-Chromatographie gemessen. Wurde die Restpatulin-menge gegen die Reaktionszeit aufgezeichnet, ergab sich eine scheinbare Kinetik erster Ordnung. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit für das Verschwinden von Patulin erstreckte sich von 1,1 x 10−2/Std bei pH 8,0 bis auf 5,3 x 10−4/Std bei pH 6,0. Die kalkulierten Halbwert-zeiten lagen zwischen 64 Std bei pH 8,0 und 1310 Std bei pH 6,0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 174 (1982), S. 439-441 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Equilibrium dialysis was used to determine whether aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) binds to casein. Simulated milk ultrafiltrate (SMUF) containing 10 or 20 ng/ml of AFM1 was dialyzed against SMUF containing casein micelles. After 24 h at 7°C, the casein suspension contained 2.5- or 2.9-fold, respectively, more toxin than that found in SMUF. An average of 17.9 or 55.3 μg of AFM1, respectively, per gram of casein was bound. In a separate experiment, milk naturally contaminated with AFM1 was treated with a proteolytic enzyme. An average of 30.7% more toxin was found in treated than in untreated milk. This result also suggests binding of AFM1 by milk protein.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Gleichgewichtsdialyse wurde benutzt, um festzustellen, ob es eine Bindung zwischen Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and Casein gibt. Simuliertes Milchultrafiltrat (SM) mit entweder 10 oder 20 ng von AFM1/ml wurde gegen SM mit Caseinmicellen dialysiert. Nach 24 Std bei 7°C enthielt die Caseinsuspension 2,5- bzw. 2,9-mal so viel AFM1 als SM. Durchschmittlich wurden 17,9 bzw. 55,3 μg AFM1/g Casein gebunden. In einem Einzelexperiment wurde Milch, die natürlich mit AFM, kontaminiert war, mit einem eiweißabbauenden Enzym behandelt. Im Durchschnitt fand man etwa 30,7% mehr Toxin in behandelter als in unbehandelter Milch. Dieses Ergebnis weist auf eine Verbindung zwischen AFM1 and Casein hin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: dose-response ; models ; food-borne ; pathogens ; risk assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Food-related illness in the United States is estimated to affect over six million people per year and cost the economy several billion dollars. These illnesses and costs could be reduced if minimum infectious doses were established and used as the basis of regulations and monitoring. However, standard methodologies for dose-response assessment are not yet formulated for microbial risk assessment. The objective of this study was to compare dose-response models for food-borne pathogens and determine which models were most appropriate for a range of pathogens. The statistical models proposed in the literature and chosen for comparison purposes were log-normal, log-logistic, exponential, β-Poisson and Weibull-Gamma. These were fit to four data sets also taken from published literature, Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae,Campylobacter jejuni, and Salmonella typhosa, using the method of maximum likelihood. The Weibull-gamma, the only model with three parameters, was also the only model capable of fitting all the data sets examined using the maximum likelihood estimation for comparisons. Infectious doses were also calculated using each model. Within any given data set, the infectious dose estimated to affect one percent of the population ranged from one order of magnitude to as much as nine orders of magnitude, illustrating the differences in extrapolation of the dose response models. More data are needed to compare models and examine extrapolation from high to low doses for food-borne pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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