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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct esterification method for analysis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in infant formulae (1997)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 204 (1997), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Direct esterification ; Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ; Infant formulae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Direct esterification of lipids in foods, including liquid and powder infant formulae, can be used as a simplified analytical procedure for the analysis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The new method gives comparable results to standard methods using lipid extraction, but with less effort. The gas chromatographic separation method described uses an internal standard to calculate not only the normalised amount of fatty acid/total fatty acids, but also the absolute amounts of fatty acids in the product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050031
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of the cartilaginous end-plates in elder people (2000)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 22 (2000), S. 13-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Lumbar spine Intervertebral disc Cartilage end-plate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Low back pain is the leading cause of work-related disability. Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD), the boundaries of which with age-related changes remain obscure, is considered to be its most important cause. The cartilaginous end-plate (CEP) is the anatomic boundary of the IVD. Since the latter is avascular in adults, the CEP is supposed to play a key role in the metabolism of the IVD. Consequently, it has been postulated that the decrease in permeability of the CEP is the main cause of degeneration of the disc. However, the permeability depends at least partially on the morphologic state of the CEP. Little is known about the age-related changes of the CEP compared to those of the IVD. The objectives of the study were to examine the CEP at different ages, to classify the age-related changes in both the CEP and IVD, and to compare them. The intervertebral discs of the five levels of ten human lumbar spines were collected from cadavers aged from 47 to 78 years, and studied macroscopically and microscopically. Morphologic features of the CEP (thickness, IVD/CEP length ratio, degree of calcification, marrow contacts, CEP-VB and CEP-IVD separations) were measured. Morphologic grades were assigned for both the CEP and the IVD. No significant differences were found with regard to these features in the different age-groups. On the other hand, no significant correlation was found between the morphologic grade of the CEP and that of the IVD, suggesting that the importance of the CEP in disc degeneration may be debatable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-000-0013-7
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The veins of the medulla oblongata: MRI cross-sectional anatomy (1996)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 18 (1996), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Anatomy ; MRI ; Medulla oblongata ; Veins ; Contrast medium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) est progressivement devenue la principale méthode d'imagerie des lésions infra-tentorielles. Afin d'étudier l'aspects en IRM des vv. bulbaires, nous avons réalisé une étude prospective de 40 patients normaux explorés en coupes axiales et frontales en IRM après injection intraveineuse de Gadolinium. Les vv. de la medulla oblongata ont été inconstamment visibles: antérieures (16 %), postérieures (3 %) latérales (8 %); en revanche la v. du récessus latéral du IVème ventricule l'est constamment et dans les trois plans; le sinus pétreux inférieur est visible en IRM dans 82% des cas. Leurs critères d'identification sont discutés puisqu'ils constituent l'origine des principaux collecteurs veineux du tronc cérébral. Leurs rapports avec les structures de la fosse postérieure ont été soulignés et discutés.
    Notes: Summary Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has progressively become the major or even the only imaging procedure for displaying the vascular relationships of the brainstem in the context of infra-tentorial lesions. In order to assess the MR sectional anatomy of the bulbar vv. 40 normal patients were examined in the MR axial, frontal and sagittal planes after gadolinium IV injection. The bulbar venous networks were inconstantly visualised: anterior vv. (16%). posterior (3%), lateral (8%). The vein of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle was constant in the three planes; the inferior petrosal sinus could be seen in 82% of cases. Their relation with the posterior fossa structures are emphasised and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02346128
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Employment of the anatomical terminology of the nomina anatomica in the radiologic literature (1995)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 17 (1995), S. 289-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Anatomy, terminology ; Anatomical Nomenclature ; International Anatomical Nomenclature ; Nomina Anatomica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le but de ce travail était d'évaluer l'application de la Nomenclature Anatomique Internationale issue des Nomina Anatomica dans la littérature radiologique. Une analyse critique de la terminologie anatomique utilisée dans trois revues franaises et deux revues américaines de radiologie a été réalisée. Dans près de 40 % des articles des revues françaises, la Nomenclature Internationale n'est pas utilisée, alors que dans 50 %, il n'y a pas de modification pour les termes rencontrés entre terminologie traditionnelle française et internationale. En revanche, une application stricte des Nomina Anatomica est observée dans les revues américaines. Les termes “hors nomenclature” les plus fréquemment rencontrés sont détaillés. Après avoir rappelé les fondements, les limites et les avantages de cette nomenclature, basée sur la terminologie latine, un souci de clarification et de clarté, et dont l'intérêt majeur est de constituer un langage anatomique international, les auteurs insistent sur l'importance de son utilisation dans un monde scientifique de plus en plus tourné vers les échanges.
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this paper was to assess the relationship of the anatomical terms employed in the radiologic literature to the International Nomenclature derived from the Nomina Anatomica. A critical analysis was made of the anatomical terminology employed in three French and two American journals of radiology. In about 40% of the French journals, the International Anatomical Nomenclature was not adhered to, whereas in 50%, there was no difference in the terms encountered between the French traditional terminology and the French adaptation of the Nomina Anatomica. In contrast, a close adherence to the Nomina Anatomica was observed in the two American journals. The exceptions most frequently encountered are detailed. The aim and principles of the Nomina Anatomica, based on the Latin terminology and aimed at clarification and systematisation, are stressed. The advantages of employing the International Anatomical Nomenclature in medical papers, allowing easy understanding by foreign readers in a world of rapid information exchange are highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01795184
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomic study of the distal supraorbital nerve (1998)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 19 (1998), S. 377-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Anatomy ; Supraorbital n. ; Supraorbital notch ; Corrugator m. ; Frontalis m.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This investigation was designed to extend our present knowledge of the supraorbital n. (SO n.) distal to the supraorbital notch. It is based on 40 dissected hemi-faces and the position of the notch and the periosteal and frontalis cutaneous branches of the SO n. were studied. The notch was 33.05 mm from the midline on the right side and 30,70 mm on the left. The periosteal branch arises from the lateral frontalis cutaneous branch. Its ascends in an oblique direction laterally and ends in two terminal branches. The frontalis cutaneous branch, after a very short trunk, divides into two branches, medial and lateral. The medial or deep branch enters the corrugator supercilii m. between its fibers. Most frequently, it passes under the inferior fasciculus and superficial to the middle and superior ones. Leaving the corrugator m., it ascends medially into the frontalis m., supplying the median cutaneous frontalis region. The lateral or superficial branch crosses superficial to the corrugator supercilii m. to penetrate the frontalis m. in an ascending and lateral direction, supplying the lateral frontalis region. The two branches enter the frontalis m., displaying a zigzag pattern in order to adapt its length during expressive movements. They cross the frontalis region together with the SO a. and two veins supplying the nerve and the frontalis m. These anatomic data may explain some of the complications after surgery for ptosis and blepharospasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-997-0377-z
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the superior labrum of the shoulder joint with CT-arthrography and MR-arthrography: correlation with anatomical dissection (1998)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Shoulder ; Magnetic Resonance imaging ; Tomography ; X Ray computed ; Arthrography ; Labrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ability to detect and categorize SLAP (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior) lesions of the scapular labrum is of practical importance to the orthopedic surgeon and the radiologist. The aim of this study, performed on cadaveric shoulders, was to determine whether CT arthrography or MR arthrography is able to show normal anatomical variation of the glenoid labrum and detect labral abnormalities. CT arthrography, MR arthrography followed by anatomical dissection were performed on twenty three fresh frozen cadaveric shoulders and analysed by a radiologist and two orthopaedic surgeons. As Gadolinium intra-articular injection is not allowed in France, we used an iodinated contrast media for both MR arthrography and CT arthrography. In this study, the sensitivity of MR arthrography seemed higher than CT arthrography (respectively 4 and 3 labral lesions diagnosed out of five), although no significant statistical conclusions can be made due to the small number of cases. In conclusion, under such specific conditions, MR arthrography seems to be the method of choice for the detection and classification of labral lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-998-0057-7
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the superior labrum of the shoulder joint with CT-arthrography and MR-arthrography: correlation with anatomical dissection (1998)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Shoulder ; Magnetic Resonance imaging ; Tomography ; X Ray computed ; Arthrography ; Labrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La possibilité de détecter et de classer les lésions du bourrelet supérieur de la cavité glénoïdale de la scapula (SLAP lesions: Superior Bourrelet Anterior to Posterior) est une nécessité pour le radiologue et l'orthopédiste confrontés à des patients présentant des douleurs de l'épaule. Le but de cette étude réalisée sur des épaules cadavériques, était de déterminer les valeurs respectives de l'arthro-scanner et de l'arthro-IRM dans la détection des variations anatomiques normales et des anomalies pathologiques du bourrelet glénoïdal supérieur. Un arthro-scanner, une arthro-IRM, puis une dissection anatomique ont été réalisées sur 23 épaules fraîches et les résultats de ces examens ont été analysés par un radiologue et deux chirurgiens orthopédistes. L'injection intra-articulaire de gadolinium n'étant actuellement pas autorisée en France, un produit de contraste iodé à été utilisé pour l'arthro-scanner et l'arthro-IRM. Dans cette étude, la sensibilité de l'arthro-IRM semblait meilleure que celle de l'arthro-scanner (respectivement 4 et 3 lésions diagnostiquées sur 5), bien que ce résultat ne soit pas statistiquement significatif compte tenu du petit nombre de cas. En conclusion, dans les conditions spécifiques de notre étude, l'arthro-IRM semble être la méthode de choix pour la détection et la classification des lésions du bourrelet glénoïdal supérieur.
    Notes: Summary The ability to detect and categorize SLAP (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior) lesions of the scapular labrum is of practical importance to the orthopedic surgeon and the radiologist. The aim of this study, performed on cadaveric shoulders, was to determine whether CT arthrography or MR arthrography is able to show normal anatomical variation of the glenoid labrum and detect labral abnormalities. CT arthrography, MR arthrography followed by anatomical dissection were performed on twenty three fresh frozen cadaveric shoulders and analysed by a radiologist and two orthopaedic surgeons. As Gadolinium intra-articular injection is not allowed in France, we used an iodinated contrast media for both MR arthrography and CT arthrography. In this study, the sensitivity of MR arthrography seemed higher than CT arthrography (respectively 4 and 3 labral lesions diagnosed out of five), although no significant statistical conclusions can be made due to the small number of cases. In conclusion, under such specific conditions, MR arthrography seems to be the method of choice for the detection and classification of labral lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01628117
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exploration du bourrelet glénoïdal supérieur de l'articulation scapulo-humérale avec l'arthro-scanner et l'arthro-IRM: corrélation anatomique (1998)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 21-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion Dans des conditions d'examen optimales (épaules cadavériques avec coupes axiales et coronales), le diagnostic des lésions du bourrelet glénoïdal supérieur peut être obtenu par l'arthro-scanner ou l'arthro-IRM. Toutefois, pour être fiable, l'arthro-scanner nécessite la réalisation de coupes coronales. L'arthro-IRM, qui permet l'acquisition de coupes axiales et coronales avec un contraste et une résolution élevés, est probablement la méthode de choix pour le diagnostic de ces lésions du bourrelet supérieur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01642251
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pontine veins. MRI cross-sectional anatomy (1996)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 18 (1996), S. 315-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Anatomy ; MRI ; Pons ; Veins ; Contrast medium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le pont, enveloppé des citernes subarachnoïdiennes, est parcouru à sa surface par de nombreux vaisseaux qui constituent autant de points de repère topographiques en IRM que de rapports chirurgicaux. Nous présentons une étude de l'anatomie veineuse en coupe telle que l'IRM la révèle après injection de Gadolinium. Cette étude prospective comporte 40 patients indemmes de lésion de la fosse crânienne postérieure. Le pont est longé par un des collecteurs majeurs du tronc cérébral : la v. pétreuse supérieure, identifiée dans 95 % des cas. Elle se jette par un crochet caractéristique dans le sinus pétreux supérieur. La v. pétreuse inférieure n'a jamais été reconnue. Les vv. pontiques forment un réseau maillé visible dans 72,5 % des cas en coupes axiales et comportant des axes transversaux et longitudinaux dont les critères d'identification sont présentés selon le plan de coupe.
    Notes: Summary The pons is covered by a rich venous network offering numerous vascular landmarks in MRI and during surgery. We present an original study of the veins as they appear on MR multiplanar scans after gadolinium IV injection. This prospective study is based on 40 consecutive patients with normal posterior fossa structures. One of the major venous collectors follows the pons: the superior petrosal v. was identified on MRI in 95% of our cases. Its hooklike extremity drains into the superior petrosal sinus. The inferior petrosal v. was never identifiable. The superficial pontine venous network are identified in 72.5% of cases in the axial plane and were organised in longitudinal and transverse collectors, whose MR aspects are presented here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01627610
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomic study of the distal supraorbital nerve (1997)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 19 (1997), S. 377-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Anatomy ; Supraorbital n. ; Supraorbital notch ; Corrugator m. ; Frontalis m.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le but de ce travail est de mieux connaître le trajet du nerf supraorbitaire (n. SO) après sa sortie de l'échancrure supra-orbitaire. Nous avons disséqué 40 hemi-faces en déterminant pour chacune la position de l'échancrure, le trajet des branches périostée et cutanée frontale du nerf SO. La branche périostée provient le plus souvent de la branche cutanée frontale latérale. Sa direction est ascendante en haut et latéralement et se termine par deux branches terminales. La branche cutanée frontale, après un tronc commun court, se divise en deux branches, une médiale et une latérale. La branche médiale ou profonde chemine dans le muscle corrugator. La distribution la plus fréquente se fait en profondeur du faisceau inférieur et superficiellement par rapport aux faisceaux moyen et supérieur. Elle sort au bord supérieur du muscle corrugator et chemine dans le muscle frontal. Sa direction est ascendante médialement. Elle innerve la partie médiale du front. La branche latérale ou superficielle passe superficiellement au muscle corrugateur pour pénétrer dans le muscle frontal. Sa direction est ascendante latéralement et il innerve la partie latérale du front. Ces deux branches cheminent entre les fibres musculaires du muscle frontal et ont un aspect en accordéon pour suivre les mouvements musculaires au cours de la mimique. Elles sont accompagnées par une artère et deux veines provenant du pédicule supra-orbitaire. L'artère donne des collatérales destinées au nerf SO et au muscle frontal. Ces données anatomiques permettent d'expliquer certaines complications survenant dans la chirurgie du ptôsis et du blépharospasme.
    Notes: Summary This investigation was designed to extend our present knowledge of the supraorbital n. (SO n.) distal to the supraorbital notch. It is based on 40 dissected hemi-faces and the position of the notch and the periosteal and frontalis cutaneous branches of the SO n. were studied. The notch was 33.05 mm from the midline on the right side and 30,70 mm on the left. The periosteal branch arises from the lateral frontalis cutaneous branch. Its ascends in an oblique direction laterally and ends in two terminal branches. The frontalis cutaneous branch, after a very short trunk, divides into two branches, medial and lateral. The medial or deep branch enters the corrugator supercilii m. between its fibers. Most frequently, it passes under the inferior fasciculus and superficial to the middle and superior ones. Leaving the corrugator m., it ascends medially into the frontalis m., supplying the median cutaneous frontalis region. The lateral or superficial branch crosses superficial to the corrugator supercilii m. to penetrate the frontalis m. in an ascending and lateral direction, supplying the lateral frontalis region. The two branches enter the frontalis m., displaying a zigzag pattern in order to adapt its length during expressive movements. They cross the frontalis region together with the SO a. and two veins supplying the nerve and the frontalis m. These anatomic data may explain some of the complications after surgery for ptosis and blepharospasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01628505
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