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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 55 (1901), S. 248-256 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 55 (1902), S. 599-599 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 437-440 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Yeast ; Formaldehyde ; Hyper-resistance ; Alcohol dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to clone genes involved in resistance to formaldehyde we have screened a genomic library based on the episomal plasmid YEp24 for the ability to increase resistance to formaldehyde in a wild-type strain. In addition toSFA, the gene encoding the formaldehyde dehydrogenase Adh5, an enzyme most potent in formaldehyde de-toxification, we isolated a second plasmid that conferred a less pronounced but significant hyper-resistance to formaldehyde. Its passenger DNA contained the geneADH1, encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (EC 1.1.1.1), which could be shown to be responsible for the observed hyper-resistance phenotype. Construction of anadh1-0 mutant revealed that yeast lacking a functionalADH1 gene is sensitive to formaldehyde. While glutathione is essential for Adh5-mediated formaldehyde de-toxification, Adh1 reduced formaldehyde best in the absence of this thiol compound. Evidence is presented that formaldehyde is a substrate for Adh1 in vivo and in vitro and that its cellular de-toxification employs a reductive step that may yield methanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Psoralen sensitivity ; Cytochrome oxidase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Oxidative stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The yeast gene PSO7 was cloned from a genomic library by complementation of the pso7-1 mutant's sensitivity phenotype to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Sequence analysis revealed that PSO7 is allelic to the 1.1-kb ORF of the yeast gene COX11 which is located on chromosome XVI and encodes a protein of 28-kDa localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Allelism of PSO7/COX11 was verified by non-complementation of 4NQO-sensitivity in diploids homo- and hetero-allelic for the pso7-1 and cox11::TRP1 mutant alleles. Sensitivity to 4NQO was the same in exponentially growing cells of the pso7-1 mutant and the cox11::TRP1 disruptant. Allelism of COX11 and PSO7 indicates that the pso7 mutant's sensitivity to photoactivated 3-carbethoxypsoralen and to 4NQO is not caused by defective DNA repair, but rather is due to an altered metabolism of the pro-mutagen 4NQO in the absence of cytochrome oxidase (Cox) in pso7-1/cox11::TRP1 mutants/disruptants. Lack of Cox might also lead to a higher reactivity of the active oxygen species produced by photoactivated 3-carbethoxypsoralen. The metabolic state of the cells is important for their sensitivity phenotype since the largest enhancement of sensitivity to 4NQO between wild-type (WT) and the pso7 mutant occurs in exponentially growing cells, while cells in stationary phase or growing cells in phosphate buffer have the same 4NQO resistance, irrespective of their WT/mutant status. Strains containing the pso7-1 or cox11::TRP1 mutant allele were also sensitive to the oxidative stress-generating agents H2O2 and paraquat. Mutant pso7-1, as well as disruptant cox11::TRP1, harboured mitochondria that in comparison to WT contained less than 5% and no detectable Cox activity, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Glutathione ; Yap1 ; H2O2 ; t-BOOH ; Glucose repression ; Oxidative stress ; Diauxic shift
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Resistance of haploid yeast to hydrogen peroxide and to tert-butylhydroperoxide strongly increases when 4% glucose is replaced by glycerol or ethanol as the carbon source of the complex medium. Using a GSH1-promoter-lacZ-fusion reporter construct we could demonstrate that GSH1 is one of the genes that are up-regulated during the shift from fermentative to oxidative metabolism. A gsh1 mutant did not exhibit respiratory growth resistance to H2O2, whereas it was only slightly impaired in acquiring resistance against t-BOOH in the same experimental conditions. An isogenic Δyap1 mutant, although more sensitive to oxidative stress than the wild-type (WT), could increase resistance to both peroxides by a similar factor as observed for the WT when shifted from 4% glucose to a non-fermentable carbon source. This indicates that in this case induction of resistance to oxidative stress is independent from Yap1 and from the Yap1-mediated stress response via the STRE motif.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Mutagen hyperresistance ; Southern, Northern analysis ; Gene transplacement ; Transposon mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genes SNQ and SFA confer hyperresistance to 4-NQO and FA when present on a multi-copy plasmid in yeast. Both are non-essential genes since transplacement of SNQ by a disrupted snq-0::LEU2 yielded stable and viable haploid integrants. Southern analysis revealed that SNQ and SFA are single-loci genes, and OFAGE analysis showed that they are located on chromosome XIII and IV, respectively. Northern blot analysis of SNQ and SFA revealed poly(A)+ RNA transcripts of 2 kb and 1.7 kb, respectively. Nuclease S 1 mapping showed SNQ to have a coding region of 1.6 kb and SFA, one of 1.3 kb. The 5′ coding regions were determined for both genes, while the 3′ end could only be determined for gene SNQ. Both genes do not appear to contain introns. The SFA locus was also mapped by transposon mutagenesis. Tn10-LUK integrants disrupted the SFA gene function at sites that were determined by subcloning to lie within the SFA transcription unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Mutagen hyper-resistance ; Yeast ; Base sequence ; Gene disruption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A multi-copy plasmid containing the SNQ3 gene confers hyper-resistance to 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO), Trenimon, MNNG, cycloheximide, and to sulfometuron methyl in yeast transformants. Restriction analysis, subcloning, and DNA sequencing revealed an open reading frame of 1950 bp on the SNQ3-containing insert DNA. Gene disruption and transplacement into chromosomal DNA yielded 4NQO-sensitive null mutants which were also more sensitive than the wild-type to Trenimon, cycloheximide, sulfometuron methyl, and MNNG. Hydropathic analysis showed that the SNQ3-encoded protein is most likely not membrane-bound, while the codon bias index points to low expression of the gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current genetics 22 (1992), S. 83-84 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: DNA isolation ; Agarose gels ; Molecular cloning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We present a simple method for the isolation of DNA from agarose gels that is economic, fast, and independent of electrical equipment. DNA fragments of up to 6 kb can be easily extracted within 5 min using a disposable plastic syringe and filter paper. Total extraction of DNA fragments between 10 and 20 kb in size is achieved by concentrating the DNA flushed from the gel in a DNA-binding column.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Small GTP-binding proteins ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA sequence analysis upstream of the yeast DNA repair gene SNM1 revealed gene GTP1 with an ORF of 573 bp on chromosome XIII. The putative amino-acid sequence of the encoded protein shows homology to proteins of the ARF-class of small GTP-binding proteins. Homology within GTP-binding motifs is highly conserved. Gene disruption showed that GTP1 is not an essential gene and that it has no influence on the expression of the DNA repair gene SNM1 with which it shares a 191-bp promoter region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Multiple mutants of DNA repair ; Sensitivity to nitrogen mustard and to radiation ; Thermoconditional DNA repair
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three haploid yeast mutants (snm) sensitive or thermoconditionally sensitive to the DNA cross-linking agent nitrogen mustard (HN2) were crossed with four rad strains representing mutations in the three pathways of DNA dark repair. The resulting haploid double and triple mutant strains were tested for their sensitivity to UV, HN2 and HN1. From the observed epistatic or synergistic interactions of the combinations of mutant alleles we could derive the relation of the SNM1 and SNM2 genes to the postulated repair pathways. Alleles snm1-1 and snml-2 ts were found epistatic to genes of the rad3 group, whereas snm2-1 ts was epistatic to rad6. The snm1 and snm2 mutant alleles interacted synergistically. From these data it is concluded that the SNM1 gene product plays a cross-link specific role in excision repair while the SNM2 gene product may be involved in a system of error-prone repair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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