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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 46 (1968), S. 520-526 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The biogenesis and the metabolism of C21- and C19-steroids were studied in tissue slices of a virilising adrenal tumour of a 69 year old woman, using radioactive labelled steroids. The activity of the 17β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase was markedly enhanced. No Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase was found under physiological conditions (pH 7.4); however, at alkaline pH values (pH 9.0) and high concentrations of the appropriate cofactor, little activity of the enzyme could be detected. The activity of the 11β-hydroxylase in tumour slices was very low; only small amounts of cortisol and cortisone were formed from progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. Neither testosterone nor Δ4-androsten-3.17-dione were hydroxylated at position 11β. The activity of the 21-hydroxylase was not altered. The urinary excretion of the fractionated 17-oxosteroids, the 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, pregnandiol, pregnantriol and the oestrogens (oestrone, oestradiol-17β and oestriol) was elevated before operation. The mean value of the total excretion of 17-oxosteroids amounted to 16.8 mg/24h; about 50% of this was dehydroepiandrosterone. After operation, the excretion of steroids in urine fell to normal values. The results of the biochemical studies are compared with those of the literature; the problems connected with the histological diagnosis and the prognosis of virilising adrenal tumours are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Biogenese und der Stoffwechsel von C21- und C19-Steroiden in einem virilisierenden Nebennierenrindentumor, der von einer 69jährigen Frau stammte, wurde mit Hilfe von Inkubationsversuchen radioaktiv markierter Steroide untersucht. Die 17β-Hydroxysteroid-Oxydoreduktase in Schnitten des Tumorgewebes zeigte eine stark erhöhte Aktivität. Die Δ5-3β-Hydroxysteroid-Oxydoreduktase war unter physiologischen Bedingungen (pH 7,4) nicht nachweisbar; bei pH-Werten im stark alkalischen Bereich (pH 9,0) und hohen Cofaktor-Konzentrationen fand sich eine geringe Aktivität dieses Enzyms. Die Aktivität der 11β-Hydroxylase war ebenfalls stark vermindert: Aus Progesteron und 17α-Hydroxyprogesteron entstanden Cortisol und Cortison nur in sehr geringem Umfange. Aus Testosteron und Δ4-Androsten-3.17-dion wurden keine entsprechenden 11β-Hydroxyverbindungen gebildet. Die Aktivität der 21-Hydroxylase war nicht beeinträchtigt. Die Ausscheidung der fraktionierten 17-Ketosteroide, der 17-Hydroxycorticosteroide, von Pregnandiol und Pregnantriol sowie der Oestrogene (Oestron, Oestradiol-17β und Oestriol) war vor der Operation in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß erhöht. Die Gesamt-17-Ketosteroid-Ausscheidung betrug dabei im Mittel 16,8 mg/24 Std; davon entfielen etwa 50% auf Dehydroepiandrosteron. Nach der Operation fiel die Steroidausscheidung im Urin zu altersentsprechenden Werten ab. Die biochemischen Befunde werden mit den Angaben in der Literatur verglichen; die Probleme der histologischen Diagnose und der Prognose nicht metastasierender virilisierender Nebennierenrindentumore werden kurz erörtert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary An androgen producing tumour of the testis was removed from a boy with pseudopubertas praecox. Urinary excretion of total 17-oxosteroids, androsterone and aetiocholanolone, 11-oxy-17-oxosteroids (particularly 11β-hydroxy-androsterone), pregnandiol, pregnantriol and oestrogens were abnormally high before operation, and had decreased to normal after operation. After incubation of tumour slices with glucose alone androst-4-en-3,17-dione and 11β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3,17-dione were found; after incubation with androst-4-en-3,17-dione: 11β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3,17-dione, testosterone and adrenosterone, but no oestrogens were found; after incubation with desoxycorticosterone: corticosterone and 17α-hydroxycorticosterone. A large amount of androst-4-en-3,17-dione was found in Vena spermatica blood, as well as 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 11β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3,17-dione and testosterone. The biochemical and morphological aspects are discussed in relation to the clinical manifestations of the tumour. The tumour had the morphological appearance of a Leydig cell adenoma and also showed a high rate of androgen secretion. The finding of 11β-hydroxylase activity in the tumour shows that it possessed a characteristic usually found only in adrenocortical cells. The tumour was conceivably derived from atypical Leydig cells. This type of Leydig cell adenoma is compared with the bilateral tumour-like enlargement of the testis, which is ocassionally observed in congenital adrenogenital syndrome. The common and contrasting characteristics of the two growths are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einem Knaben mit einer Pseudopubertas praecox wurde ein androgenproduzierender Hodentumor entfernt. Präoperativ war die Harnausscheidung der gesamten 17-Ketosteroide, von Androsteron und Ätiocholanolon, der 11-Oxy-17-Ketosteroide, insbesondere von 11β-Hydroxy-androsteron, von Pregnandiol, Pregnantriol sowie der Oestrogene abnorm erhöht und fiel nach der Operation auf Normwerte ab. Nach Inkubation von Glucose allein mit Tumorschnitten wurden 11β-Hydroxy-Δ 4-androstendion undΔ 4-Androstendion gefunden, nach Inkubation vonΔ 4-Androstendion: 11β-Hydroxy-Δ 4-androstendion, Testoseron und Adrenosteron, jedoch keine Oestrogene, nach Inkubation von Desoxycorticosteron: Corticosteron und 17α-Hydroxy-desoxy-corticosteron. Im V. spermatica-Blut wurden große MengenΔ 4-Androstendion, ferner 17α-Hydroxy-progesteron, 11β-Hydroxy-Δ 4-androstendion und Testosteron nachgewiesen. Die biochemischen und morphologischen Gesichtspunkte sowie die klinischen Auswirkungen des Tumors werden diskutiert. Morphologisch hatte der Tumor den Aspekt eines Leydigzell-Adenoms. In Übereinstimmung hiermit wurde eine hohe Sekretion von Androgenen festgestellt. Durch den Nachweis einer 11β-Hydroxylase-Aktivität zeigte der Tumor jedoch gleichzeitig eine Eigenschaft, die sonst nur NNR-Zellen zukommt. Der Tumor wird vermutungsweise von atypischen Leydigzellen abgeleitet. Diese Art von Leydigzell-Adenom wird der beidseitigen tumorartigen Hodenvergrößerung, die gelegentlich beim angeb. adrenogenitalen Syndrom beobachtet wird, gegenübergestellt. Die gemeinsamen und unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften der beiden Wucherungen werden besprochen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 631-636 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renin ; circadian rhythm ; women ; men ; depressive psychosis ; Renin ; circadianer Rhythmus ; Frauen ; Männer ; endogene Depression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei fünf gesunden Frauen und vier gesunden Männern wurde die Plasmareninaktivität (PRA) in stündlichen Abständen während eines Zeitraums von 24–25 h bestimmt. Die PRA wurde durch radioimmunologische Messung von Angiotensin I, das während einer einstündigen Inkubation bei pH 5,9 freigesetzt wurde, ermittelt. Bei allen Versuchspersonen zeigte sich ein deutlicher Anstieg der PRA zu Beginn der Schlafphase (23.00 bis 2.00 Uhr). Bei den Frauen, die tagsüber eine niedrige PRA hatten, war dieser Anstieg relativ schwach ausgeprägt. Die PRA war während der Schlafphase, von einigen intraindividuellen Schwankungen abgesehen, stets höher als während der Wachphase. Bei Versuchspersonen mit nur kurzer Schlafdauer (etwa 5 h) blieb die PRA nach dem Aufwachen noch einige Zeit erhöht; nach einer längeren Schlafdauer (etwa 8 h) kehrten die PRA-Werte bald auf die Höhe der Tageswerte zurück. Die intraindividuellen Schwankungen traten unabhängig von kurzdauernden orthostatischen Belastungen auf. Bei einem Patienten mit unbehandelter endogener Depression wurde kein circadianer Rhythmus der PRA beobachtet.
    Notes: Summary Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured in five healthy women and four healthy men at hourly intervals during a period of 24–25 hrs. PRA was determined by measuring radioimmunologically angiotensin I which was liberated during incubation of the plasma sample for 1 hr. at pH 5.9. In all subjects, a significant increase of PRA was found at the beginning of the sleeping phase (23.00–2.00). This increase was relatively small in women whose PRA was low during the day. Apart from some intra-individual variations, PRA was always higher during the sleeping phase than during the active phase. In subjects with a short sleeping phase (approximately 5 hrs.), PRA remained elevated for some time after awaking; in contrast, after a longer period of sleep (approximately 8 hrs.), PRA soon returned to the basic values, observed during the active phase. Intra-individual variations were found independent of short term orthostatic stress. In one patient with untreated depressive psychosis, no circadian rhythm
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 235-239 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Steroid biosynthesis ; Paraganglioma ; Pheochromocytoma ; Steroidbiosynthese ; Paragangliom ; Phäochromozytom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Biogenese von C19- und C21-Steroiden in Paragangliom-, Phäochromozytom- und normalem Nebennierengewebe des Menschen wurde mit Hilfe von Inkubationsversuchen radioaktiv markierter Steroide untersucht. Schnitte des Paraganglioms sowie des Phäochromozytoms wandeln 17-Hydroxyprogesteron enzymatisch zu Cortison, Cortisol, 11-Deoxycortisol sowie Testosteron um. Verglichen mit normalem Nebennierengewebe ist die Bildungsrate dieser Steroide jedoch 8–15mal geringer. Nach Inkubation von Dehydroepiandrosteron mit Paragangliom-oder Phäochromozytomgewebe entstehen 7α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosteron, 11β-Hydroxy-4-androsten-3,17-dion und 4-Androsten-3,17-dion; Testosteron wird in beiden Geweben zu 4-Androsten-3,17-dion; umgewandelt. Paragangliomgewebe bildet aus 17-Hydroxypregnenolon in geringem Umfang Dehydroepiandrosteron (1,7%). Die Untersuchungen zeigen, daß sowohl im Paragangliom als auch im Phäochromozytom Enzyme der Steroidbiosynthese (Hydroxylasen, Oxidoreduktasen, δ4−5-Isomerasen, C17−20-Desmolasen) vorhanden sind.
    Notes: Summary The biogenesis of C19- and C21-steroids has been studied in tissue slices of a paraganglioma, of a pheochromocytoma and of human adrenal cortex using radioactive steroids. Slices of paraganglioma as well as of pheochromocytoma metabolise 17-hydroxyprogesterone to cortisone, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and testosterone. The rate of formation of these steroids, however, by the two tumours is 8–15 times less than that in normal adrenal cortex tissue. After incubation of dehydroepiandrosterone with tissue slices of paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma, 7α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 11β-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione and 4-androstene-3,17-dione were found as metabolites; testosterone was converted by both tissues to 4-androstene-3,17-dione. 17-Hydroxypregnenolone was converted to a small extent (1.7%) to dehydroepiandrosterone by slices of paranganglioma. These results show that enzymes of steroid biosynthesis (hydroxylases, oxidoreductases, δ4−5-isomerases, C17−20-desmolases) are present in both paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 524-529 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Bronchoscopy ; Midazolam ; Diazepam ; Hemodynamics ; Blood gases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the effects of several endoscopic procedures like introduction of the bronchoscope, removal of the instrument, catheter suction, bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy on heart rate, systemic blood pressure, and transcutaneously measured blood gases 77 consecutive patients (age, 20–83 years) were studied. All patients received 10 l O2/min via face mask during bronchoscopy. Sedation was performed with midazolam or diazepam. The different characteristics of each patient, e.g. age, sex, smoking habits, baseline values of heart rate and systemic blood pressure, underlying pulmonary disease and kind of premedication were examined separately to analyse their special effects on the course of bronchoscopy. During the fiberoptic bronchoscopy neither a slight decrease in transcutaneouspO2 nor a small increase in transcutaneouspCO2 led to a critical situation. Nevertheless it should be stressed that the time after removal of the instrument and finishing supplemental oxygen may be critical regarding hypoxia and hypercapnia especially in older patients with hypoxia being already present before starting the endoscopy. The hemodynamic indices did not change significantly. There was no difference between midazolam or diazepam concerning the parameters under study. If supplemental oxygen is given and adequate premedication is performed, monitoring of hemodynamics and blood gases during fiberoptic bronchoscopy is not necessary in patients without cardiovascular or respiratory risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 33-38 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renin ; angiotensin I ; menstrual cycle ; postmeno-pause ; Renin ; Angiotensin I ; menstrueller Cyclus ; Postmenopause
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Plasmareninaktivität (PRA) wurde unter kontrollierten Bedingungen kontinuierlich bei sieben Frauen mit ovulatorischem Cyclus, bei sechs Frauen mit sicher oder fraglich anovulatorischem Cyclus und bei zehn Frauen in der Postmenopause bestimmt. Die Blutentnahmen erfolgten nach mindestens sechsstündigem Schlaf vor dem Aufstehen, und zwar zwischen 7.30 und 9.30 Uhr bei den jungen Versuchspersonen und zwischen 6.00 und 7.00 Uhr bei den Frauen in der Postmenopause. Die PRA wurde durch radioimmunologische Bestimmung von Angiotensin I, das während einer Inkubation unter definierten Bedingungen freigesetzt wurde, ermittelt. Bei Frauen mit ovulatorischem Cyclus stieg die PRA im allgemeinen präovulatorisch an; nach einem vorübergehenden Abfall nahm die PRA in der Lutealphase wiede4r zu. Manchmal wurde kurz vor oder zu Beginn der Menstruation ein erneuter, kurzdauernder Anstieg der PRA beobachtet. Bei Frauen mit anovulatorischem Cyclus blieb die PRA während der Follikelphase relativ niedrig; in der zweiten Cyclushälfte war eine Tendenz zu höheren Werten erkennbar. Bei Frauen in der Postmenopause war die PRA gleichbleibend niedrig. Die vorgelegten Befunde sprechen für eine Abhängigkeit des Renin-Angiotensin-Systems von den weiblichen Sexualhormonen. Es werden mehrere Möglichkeiten zur Erklärung dieser Zusammenhänge diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Plasma renin activity (PRA) was continuously estimated under controlled conditions in seven women with ovulatory cycle, in six women with anovulatory cycle and in ten postmenopausal women. Blood samples were taken after at least 6 hours of sleep before getting up, between 7.30 and 9.30 a.m. in the young women and between 6.00 and 7.00 a.m. in the postmenopausal women. PRA was measured by radioimmunological determination of angiotensin I which was liberated during incubation under defined conditions. In women with ovulatory cycle, PRA generally increased before ovulation; following a transient decrease, PRA increased again during the luteal phase. Shortly before or at the beginning of menstrual bleeding, an additional but small peak of PRA was observed in some subjects. PRA remained relatively low in women with anovulatory cycle during their follicular phase; during the second half of the cycle, a tendency towards higher values was observed. In postmenopausal women, PRA was constantly low. The results presented here strongly suggest that an interpendence exists between the renin-angiotensin system and female sex hormones. Various possibilities are discussed for explaining the mode of these interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 36 (1958), S. 1168-1168 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 49 (1939), S. 148-153 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 182 (1958), S. 1512-1512 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In a typical experiment, 200 mgm. of liver slices were incubated with 100 µgm. of 16.oxooestrone in 5 ml. Krebs phosphate saline for 60 min. at 37 C. The incubation medium and the tissue were extracted twice with equal volumes of an ether-chloroform mixture (3 : 1 v/v). In order to separate ...
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 185 (1960), S. 613-614 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Late-pregnancy urine was hydrolysed with concentrated hydrochloric acid, extracted with ether and the extract washed with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and water. The 'polar' fraction containing cestriol and its epimers was recovered by water extraction and then further purified by ...
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