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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of patch tests with clobetasol propionate on adjacent patch test reactions (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 32 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Contact allergy to corticosteroids now seems frequent among patients being patch tested. As corticosteroids are intrinsically anti-inflammatory, we investigated whether patch tests with a potent corticosteroid might suppress simultaneous adjacent patch test reactions to another allergen. Nickel-sensitive subjects were patch tested with an aqueous dilution series of nickel in duplicate, adjacent to patch tests with clobetasol propionate 1% in ethanol and with ethanol, respectively. Statistical evaluation of the results obtained in 2 different centers, using their own patch test techniques, did not reveal any suppression of the positive nickel patch test reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00809.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contact allergy to a cyclohexanone resin in humans and guinea pigs (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 18 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 5 patients with allergic contact dermatitis caused by various paints were demonstrated to be sensitive to a cyclohexanone resin (C-R) present in the paints. Sensitization studies in guinea pigs with C-R and cyclohexanone showed one batch of C-R to be a sensitizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb05489.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergic contact dermatitis from adhesive plaster due to colophony and epoxy resin (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 28 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03363.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical analysis of monomers in epoxy resins based on bisphenols F and A (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 50 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) is the monomer and most important contact allergen in epoxy resin(s) based on bisphenol A (DGEBA-R). Both thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods are available for the analysis of products containing DGEBA-R. With respect to detection and quantification, epoxy resins of the bisphenol F-type, i.e. epoxy resins containing the isomers of diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol F (DGEBF), are not as well investigated as DGEBA-R. The isomers of DGEBF are p,p′–DGEBF, o,p′–DGEBF and o,o′–DGEBF. Both p,p′–DGEBF and o,p′–DGEBF have been shown to be contact allergens in humans, and all 3 isomers are sensitizers in the guinea pig maximization test. We aimed (i) to develop HPLC methods for separation and purification of the individual DGEBF isomers, (ii) to detect and quantify the DGEBF isomers in epoxy resins of the bisphenol F-type and (iii) to evaluate and develop the TLC as a method for the detection of the DGEBF monomers. We found the total content of the DGEBF isomers in the investigated epoxy resins of the bisphenol F-type to vary from 17.0 to 81.7% w/w. Some of them also contained 0.1–2.4% w/w DGEBA. The HPLC method showed a sensitivity that was 2000–20 000× higher than that obtained with the TLC method for the DGEBF monomers. We concluded that the range of the DGEBF isomer content in epoxy resins of the bisphenol F-type is approximately the same as the monomer content in liquid compared to solid DGEBA-R. The relevance of contact allergy to DGEBA-R can remain unrecognized if the suspected product is an epoxy resin of the bisphenol F-type, which is analysed with the TLC method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00319.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FS14.2
Photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen in Southern Sweden (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Contact dermatitis 50 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective:  In Sweden ketoprofen has been available for topical applications since 1995. Photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen has been reported since almost 20 years. Photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen-containing topical treatment usually includes severe eczematous reactions. Ketoprofen is an NSAID derived from propionic acid. Ketoprofen, fenofibrate and benzophenones are structurally similar.Methods:  Photopatch testing and patch testing with 2 standard series, the ketoprofen-containing gels and their ingredients, fenofibrate and benzophenones.Results:  During the last year 35 patients have been photopatch tested with ketoprofen with very strong photopatch test reactions. 26 patients also had positive reactions to fentichlor.27 of the ketoprofen – photoallergic patients had also been photopatch tested with fenofibrate, 17 had positive reactions. 21 had positive reactions to balsam of Peru and 13 to fragrance mix.Conclusion:  Ketoprofen is a strong photosensitizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00309eb.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FC01.1
Occupational contact dermatitis from methylisothiazolinone (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Contact dermatitis 50 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  The preservative methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) has been used extensively in various products since the 1980s. Recently, a biocide containing only MI and not MCI has been launched on the Swedish market for use in industrial settings, paints and glues.Objectives:  To describe sensitization to the unchlorinated isothiazolinone 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MI) in 2 workers, a technician after a chemical burn and a painter, both exposed to a preservative containing MI. Methods: Patch testing with serial dilutions of MCI/MI, MCI, MI, 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (OIT) and a commercial preservative containing MI in the 2 workers.Results:  The patients reacted positively to MCI/MI and to the separate active ingredients (MCI, MI). The patch test reactivity to MI was higher than the reactivity to MCI, which is a reversed pattern to what is usually seen in patients sensitized to MCI/MI. Both patients also had positive test reactions to OIT.Conclusion:  MI may sensitize on it’s own, and in patients allergic to MI, cross-reactions are also seen to MCI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0309ar.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FS06.1
Contact allergy to oxidized fragrance terpenes. (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Contact dermatitis 50 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Terpenes are among the most widely used fragrances, found not only in fine fragrances but most often incorporated in domestic and occupational products. Terpenes oxidize easily at air-exposure. Our previous studies have proved that limonene, linalool and caryophyllene are not allergenic in themselves but easily form allergenic products due to autoxidation. The aim of this study was to study the frequency and characteristics of allergic reactions in Europe to some oxidized fragrance terpenes.Method:  Consecutive dermatitis patients in six European dermatological centers were patch tested with oxidized terpenes. Questionnaires, standard and additional fragrance patch test materials were used in the diagnosis of fragrance allergy.Results:  Oxidized limonene was tested in 2411, while oxidized linalool, linalool hydroperoxide, oxidized caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and oxidized myrcene in additional 1511 patients. Of the patients tested 2.6% showed positive reaction to oxidized limonene, 1.3% to oxidized linalool, 0.5% to oxidized caryophyllene and 1 patient to oxidized myrcene. 1.1% of the patients reacted to linalool hydroperoxide, while testing with caryophyllene oxide resulted in few positive Results: 60% of the patients reacting to oxidized terpenes had fragrance related contact allergy and/or positive history for fragrance related dermatitis.Conclusion:  Oxidized limonene and linalool are common allergens in dermatitis patients tested consecutively in Europe. Our results indicate that autoxidation of fragrance terpenes contributes to fragrance allergy to a great extent. This observation emphasises the need of testing with chemicals that patients actually come in contact with and not only ingredients that were originally applied in the commercial formulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0309bj.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FS12.5
Chemical analysis of MDI in petrolatum patch test preparations (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Contact dermatitis 50 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives:  Diphenylmethane-4,4’-diisocyanate (MDI) is a very common isocyanate which is used in the plastics industry in its’ polymeric form in the production of polyurethane products such as rigid and flexible foams, elastomers (rubbers) and coatings. Previous reports on MDI-related contact allergy have shown a pattern where patients seem to react to their own MDI-based work material but not to the commercial patch test preparations of MDI. Therefore, we performed chemical analysis of 14 commercial patch test preparations of MDI.Materials and Methods:  MDI preparations from 8 European and 4 American dermatology departments as well as preparations obtained from 2 major European suppliers of patch test allergens were analyzed with respect to MDI content using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS).Results:  None of the preparations obtained from dermatology departments contained more than 12% of the concentration stated on the label. In most cases the MDI content was only a few percentages or less of the concentration stated. In only 1 commercial preparation the MDI content came close to the declared concentration.Conclusion:  7 of the 14 preparations were analyzed before the expiry date. Yet, only 1 of them contained a concentration that came close to that stated on the label. Thus, using these preparations patients will be tested with a much lower concentration than intended leading to a high risk of false-negative reactions and thereby underdiagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis from MDI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0309de.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Should para-phenylenediamine (PPD) 1% pet. be part of commercially available standard series? (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 53 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00610.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Citral a fragrance allergen and irritant (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 49 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Citral is a well known contact allergen and a contact irritant. Routine patch testing in the past may have been restricted because of possible irritant (IR) patch test responses. 586 consecutive patients, with hand eczema, were patch tested with a selection of fragrances including citral 2% petrolatum and the European standard series. 28 of the patients showed a positive patch test reaction (+ to +++) to citral and 82 at least 1 IR patch test reaction and no positive patch test reaction to citral. A statistically significant association between a positive patch test reaction to citral and positive patch test reactions to other fragrances compared with IR reactions (n = 82) was established. The difference regarding fragrance history found between those with IR and positive reactions to citral was not significant. Citral could be an allergen and/or irritant, worthy of further more extensive studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2003.00144.x
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