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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the human light reflex as a measure of the anticholinergic effects of drugs. A comparison with other measures (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pupillometry ; light reflex ; atropine ; nortryptyline ; procyclidine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single oral doses of atropine, nortriptyline, procyclidine and lactose dummy were administered double-blind to eight healthy young subjects in a balanced, crossover study. Television pupillometry was used to measure the anticholinergic effects of these drugs on the pupil diameter in darkness and the reflex response to light flashes. The sensitivity of this method was compared with conventional autonomic function tests, viz. salivary secretion, radial pulse, forearm sweat gland activity and distance to visual near point. Visual analogue scales were used to obtain subjective measures of sedative drug effects. The expected inhibition of parasympathetic activity was found in most instances with two exceptions: firstly, that nortriptyline failed to affect the pupil despite causing a tachycardia and secondly, that procyclidine gave a bradycardia. The results are discussed with reference to the possible advantages of television pupillometry over conventional pupil measurement in the detection of anticholinergic drug effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563554
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A technique for studying the effects of drugs on human sweat gland activity (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Human sweat gland activity ; acetylcholine ; atropine anticholinergic assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A technique is described for studying the effects of drugs with anticholinergic properties on human forearm sweat glands. The response of sweat glands to intradermal injections of increasing concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) in saline was measured. The number of glands activated was recorded by painting the injection area with a plastic impression paint one minute after injection. The plastic impression was removed using “Sellotape”, mounted on a 35 mm slide, projected, and glands counted. Standardisation of conditions was important with respect to ambient temperature and physical activity of subject in order to reduce spontaneous sweat gland activity. The dose response relationship was similar for men and women. In a double blind, controlled, cross over investigation, 8 subjects (4M and 4 F) received lactose dummy and atropine sulphate 1 mg p. o. Sweat gland activity, salivation, heart rate, pupil size and visual near point were measured before and 1 and 2 h after treatment. Significant (P〈0.05) reduction occurred in the number of glands responding to 140 and 550 µM ACh and also in the salivary secretion rate 2 h after atropine, compared with values after lactose dummy. No significant changes in pupil size, visual near point or heart rate occurred. It is suggested that inhibition of the response of forearm sweat glands to ACh is at least as sensitive as other measures of parasympathetic functions for assessing parasympatholytic agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02089963
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the antitussive effects of codeine phosphate 20 mg, dextromethorphan 30 mg and noscapine 30 mg using citric acid-induced cough in normal subjects (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 393-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: codeine ; dextromethorphan ; noscapine ; cough ; citric acid ; normal subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Protection by codeine 20 mg, dextromethorphan 30 mg, noscapine 30 mg, and placebo against citric acid-induced cough was determined in eighteen healthy subjects. 2. Drug differences occurred at 2 1/2 h following ingestion of the drugs but not at 1 1/4 h. 3. Only codeine 20 mg had a greater antitussive action than placebo, but dextromethorphan 30 mg also did not differ from codeine 20 mg. 4. This technique may offer a useful screening test for the activity of new potential antitussive compounds in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00568199
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of orally administered triprolidine and pseudoephedrine singly and combined on histamine-induced skin reactions (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 411-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: histamine ; triprolidine ; pseudoephedrine ; flare ; wheal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of a single oral dose of triprolidine and pseudoephedrine, singly and combined, on histamine-induced wheal and flare reactions, was assessed in a fully randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study. Triprolidine alone and the combination had a significantly greater effect (p〈0.05) in reducing skin reactions than pseudoephedrine alone or placebo, but there was no significant difference between triprolidine and the combination (p〈0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542544
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of beta-methyl digoxin compared with digoxin tablets and capsules (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Digoxin ; beta-methyl-digoxin ; capsules ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intestinal absorption and urinary elimination rate of total cardioactive material was compared following digoxin and beta-methyldigoxin (BMD) administration to twelve healthy volunteers. Significantly more injected digoxin was recovered in urine. Urinary clearance was more rapid for digoxin, mean half-lives of elimination being 35 hours for digoxin and 40 hours for BMD. Calculated percentage intestinal absorption was lowest for digoxin tablets with a dissolution rate of 77% in one hour, intermediate for BMD tablets, and maximal for an experimental soft gelatin formulation of digoxin in solution. Respective mean values were 75%, 87% and 97%. Similar steady state plasma concentrations followed twice daily ingestion of the 0.25 mg digoxin tablets and 0.20 mg BMD tablets. Mean peak plasma concentration and percentage urinary recovery of ingested dose were higher during continued BMD administration. Between-subject variation in absorption was higher for the digoxin tablets. The comparative intestinal absorption of BMD and digoxin depends upon the formulation. Digoxin is virtually completely absorbed from a solution encapsulated in soft gelatin. Relatively more BMD is eliminated by nonrenal routes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558334
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for tolerance to the central nervous effects of the histamine antagonist, triprolidine, in man (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Histamine antagonists ; triprolidine ; central nervous effects ; normal volunteers ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A double blind controlled study was conducted on 8 healthy adult volunteers to assess the effects of repeated doses of the histamine antagonist, triprolidine, on performance tests and subjective feelings. A comparison was made between the effects of triprolidine 5 mg and lactose dummy using four different treatment schedules under double blind conditions. Subjects were treated on two consecutive days each week for four weeks. A schedule of tests was given on each of the treatment days and results were analysed by the method of analysis of variance, values of p〈0.05 being taken as significant. Following triprolidine, impairment occurred in all performance tests, specifically, auditory vigilance, short term memory, reaction time, digit symbol substitution and tapping. Similarly there was significant mental and physical sedation. Evidence of a reduced effect of triprolidine on day 2 when triprolidine drug had been given on day 1 occurred in the tapping test and the change in mental sedation from pre to post treatment. However in all tests and subjective ratings the effect of triprolidine on day 2 was lessened by pretreatment with triprolidine on day 1, though this only achieved significance in the two variables mentioned. No evidence for increased effect of drug due to cumulation was obtained. It was concluded that tolerance to the effect of triprolidine on the nervous system begins to occur within 24 h with repeated dosing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609857
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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