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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interferon-γ and antibodies to interleukin-5 and interleukin-4 inhibit the pulmonary eosinophilia in allergic mice (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. S185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01778323
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demographic composition of the feeding population of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) off Charleston, South Carolina: evidence from mitochondrial DNA markers (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 123 (1995), S. 869-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To determine the origin of juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) that occupy the Charleston Harbor Entrance Channel at Charleston, South Carolina, USA, mitochondrial DNA restriction-fragment length polymorphisms from this feeding population were compared to haplotypes from candidate nesting populations. Previous studies have defined two major nesting populations in the southeastern USA, one corresponding to Florida and the other to Georgia/South Carolina. These nesting populations are distinguished by both unique haplotypes and frequency distributions of common haplotypes. The frequency distribution of haplotypes in the juvenile feeding-ground population was significantly different from both nesting populations, implying that the feeding aggregate is drawn from two or more nesting populations. Assuming that these turtles are derived exclusively from rookeries in the southeastern USA, a maximum likelihood estimator indicates that approximately half are from the Florida rookery and half are from the northern (Georgia/South Carolina) rookery complex. Because 91% of nesting in the southeastern USA occurs in Florida rookeries and 8% in the northern complex, the 50:50 ratio indicates that juvenile turtles from Georgia and South Carolina tend to feed preferentially near their respective rookery locations. Human encroachment on this feeding habitat may pose an especially high risk to the smaller Georgia/South Carolina rookeries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349132
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population structure of the wreckfish Polyprion americanus determined with microsatellite genetic markers (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biology 137 (2000), S. 1077-1090 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We examined population structure in the wreckfish, Polyprion americanus, by assaying six microsatellite loci in 422 individuals collected throughout the geographic range. Eighteen hapuku, P. oxygeneios, were assayed at the same loci for use as an outgroup. Expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.49 to 0.88 and averaged 0.66. Allele-frequency distributions at those loci indicated that samples from the eastern North Atlantic, western North Atlantic and the Mediterranean were genetically similar, confirming the pattern seen in a previous analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Both mtDNA and microsatellite studies differentiated northern and southern wreckfish stocks. However, in contrast to the mtDNA studies, allelic variation at microsatellite loci clearly differentiated wreckfish from two Southern Hemisphere locations, Brazil and the South Pacific. Far more genetic variation was observed at microsatellite loci than with mtDNA RFLPs (haplotype diversity averaged 0.01), and we saw more evidence of population structure with the microsatellite loci. The differentiation between southern and northern wreckfish supports the distribution records, which indicate that wreckfish do not occur in the tropics. Temperature profiles and current patterns throughout the southern oceans apparently also prevent significant gene flow between the South Pacific and Brazilian samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270000392
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conversion of Arylboronic Acids into Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates: Convenient Precursors of Arylboron Difluoride Lewis Acids (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 60 (1995), S. 3020-3027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00115a016
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reflux symptom relief with omeprazole in patients without unequivocal oesophagitis (1996)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 10 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: As many as 50% of patients with reflux symptoms have no endoscopic evidence of oesophagitis. This multicentre study was designed to assess symptom relief after omeprazole 20 mg once daily in patients with symptoms typical of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease but without endoscopic evidence of oesophagitis. Methods: Patients (n=209) were randomized in a double-blind study to receive either omeprazole 20 mg once daily (n=98) or placebo (n=111) for 4 weeks. Symptoms were assessed at clinic visits and using daily diary cards, with patient-completed questionnaires providing additional data on symptoms and on psychological disturbance. Results: On completion, symptom relief favoured omeprazole: 57% of patients on omeprazole were free of heartburn (vs. 19% on placebo), 75% were free of regurgitation (47%) and 43% were completely asymptomatic (14%), each with P〈0.0001. Fewer patients in the omeprazole group required alginate/antacid relief medication (P〈0.05). Symptom relief (time to first heartburn-free day) was more rapid with omeprazole (2 vs. 5 days on placebo; P〈0.01). A greater reduction in anxiety occurred in the omeprazole group (P〈0.05). Conclusion: Omeprazole 20 mg once daily is effective in providing relief of the symptoms typical of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in patients with essentially normal oesophageal mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1996.44186000.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alverine citrate fails to relieve the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Alverine citrate has been used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome for many years.Aims : To compare the efficacy and safety of a new formulation of alverine citrate, a 120-mg capsule, with placebo given three times daily for 12 weeks.Methods : One hundred and seven patients with irritable bowel syndrome were entered into this three-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial. The primary end-point was relief of abdominal pain indicated by improvement in the scores for severity and frequency. Secondary efficacy variables included scores for other clinical symptoms and for overall well-being.Results : The severity and frequency of abdominal pain improved in 66% and 68% of patients treated with alverine citrate vs. 58% and 69% of the placebo group, but these differences were not significant. The mean percentage reduction in the scores for abdominal pain from baseline to the final assessment, although greater in the alverine citrate group (43.7%) compared with the placebo group (33.3%), was not statistically significant.Conclusions : Alverine citrate is no better than placebo at relieving the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Future trials should be designed to take into account the high and persistent placebo response seen in this condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01277.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review article: the management of primary sclerosing cholangitis (1997)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by a progressive obliterating fibrosis of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. The pathogenesis of PSC is poorly understood but it is thought to be an immune-mediated disease. The optimal therapy which successfully improves symptoms, delays progression towards liver failure and transplantation and prevents the onset of cholangiocarcinoma remains elusive. Although current treatments are used to manage cholestasis and its consequences and some of the more general complications of the disease, none of the current therapeutic agents have been shown to retard and reverse the rate of disease progression. The role of cupruretics, corticosteroids, methotrexate, anti-fibrogenic agents and ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of PSC is reviewed. Orthotopic liver transplantation remains the only therapeutic option for advanced PSC but the timing of transplantation remains controversial and the possibility of recurrence of the disease in the graft is increasingly recognised. It is likely that greater insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in PSC will allow therapy to be targetted more specifically at the biliary epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.91263000.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review article: current management of primary sclerosing cholangitis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The management of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is hindered by incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and the lack of good prognostic models. Few large randomized controlled trials of drug therapy have been published. Best practice in the management of PSC is currently based therefore on careful interpretation of the available evidence, close observation of individual patients and clinical experience of the disease. Drug therapy is useful for alleviating symptoms. Ursodeoxycholic acid may slow progression of the disease and reduce the frequency of complications. Consensus is emerging on the issues of screening for the malignant complications of PSC and the indications for liver transplantation are becoming broader and encompassing the earliest stages of cholangiocarcinoma. In view of the rarity of the disease in the general population, large international collaborations to study PSC are necessary to provide clearer answers in areas of uncertainty, and these are now beginning to emerge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02407.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antiallergic activity of loratadine, a non-sedating antihistamine (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Loratadine is a new non-sedating antihistamine. The present studies compared loratadine and terfenadine, another non-sedating antihistamine, for their ability to inhibit the bronchial response to histamine and other autacoids which have been implicated as contributing to the symptoms of an allergic reaction. In addition, the two antihistamines were evaluated in models of immunologically mediated allergic reactions. Loratadine is a more potent inhibitor of histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs than is terfenadine. Both antihistamines exhibit marked antiserotonin activity at doses 10 times their antihistamine ED50 values. In contrast, loratadine and terfenadine produce little or no inhibition of the bronchial responses to methacholine, leukotriene C4 or platelet-activating factor. An allergic bronchospasm in guinea pigs is inhibited by loratadine (ED50= 0.40 mg/kg, p.o.) and terfenadine (ED50= 1.7 mg/kg, p.o.). The bronchospasm associated with allergic anaphylaxis in rats is significantly inhibited by 10 mg/kg, p.o. loratadine and 30 mg/kg, p.o. terfenadine. Loratadine exhibits antiallergy activity in vitro. At micromolar concentrations, loratadine inhibits the release of histamine from Con A and A23187-stimulated rat peritoneal mast cells and the release of histamine and leukotrine C4 from a Con A-stimulated cloned murine mast cell line
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02188.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biology of interleukin-5 and its relevance to allergic disease (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04561.x
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