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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by a mycobiont isolated from Pisonia grandis R. Br. (Nyctaginaceae) mycorrhiza (1998)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 7 (1998), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Nitrate reductase ; Glutamate dehydrogenase ; Glutamine synthetase ; Ectomycorrhiza ; Pisoniod mycorrhiza
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Single isolates of a mycobiont isolated from Pisonia grandis R. Br., Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch and Tylospora fibrillosa (Burt.) Donk were compared with regard to their relative abilities to produce key enzymes of inorganic nitrogen assimilation. Nitrate reductase (NR) activities in the P. grandis mycobiont and T. fibrillosa were significantly lower than in P. tinctorius. While specific activities for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were higher in P. tinctorius than the other two fungi following NH4 + pre-treatment, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity did not differ significantly between the three fungi. In all three fungi, specific activities for GS were significantly higher than for GDH. NR activity was expressed in all three fungi regardless of the nitrogen source in the medium, but in P. tinctorius diminished following continued exposure to either NO3 –, NH4 +, glutamine or NO3 – + glutamine. The data are discussed in relation to nitrogen utilisation by the P. grandis mycobiont.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050189
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraspecific physiological variation: implications for understanding functional diversity in ectomycorrhizal fungi (1999)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 9 (1999), S. 125-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Mycelial growth ; Metal sensitivity ; Enzyme activities ; Gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Several thousand fungal species worlwide are thought to form ectomycorrhizas (ECM) with tree hosts and there is currently much interest in determining the functional significance of such diversity in natural and managed ecosystems. While only a few taxa have been investigated in detail, it is clear that ECM fungi display extensive intraspecific variation in a range of physiological and other life-history parameters. Thus, comparative investigations of single (or even a few) isolates of different species are unlikely to provide reliable information on functional capabilities. Extensive screening of taxonomically well-defined isolates is required. This must take into account spatial and temporal variation in gene expression in mycelia growing in axenic culture or in association with a host plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050297
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards a molecular identification of the Pisonia mycobiont (1998)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 7 (1998), S. 319-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Ectomycorrhiza ; Ectomycorrhizal fungus ; Pisonia grandis ; Thelephoraceae ; Internal transcribed spacer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of a mycobiont isolated from Pisonia grandis R. Br. (Nyctaginaceae) was sequenced and a comparison made with sequences currently available in the GenBank Nucleotide Database. The mycobiont ITS sequence showed a high degree of homology (up to 87% over 637 bases) with a number of Thelephoraceae isolates, strongly implying that it belongs in that taxon. Published descriptions of hyphal morphology also show broad correlation between the P. grandis mycobiont and the Thelephoraceae isolates. The data highlight the usefulness of ITS sequence data in mycorrhizal research and the need for researchers to submit to the database ITS sequence data for mycorrhizal fungi with which they are working.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050199
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between Pisolithus tinctorius and its hosts: a review of current knowledge (1997)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 7 (1997), S. 117-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Pisolithus tinctorius ; Pisolithus arhizus ; Fungus ; root interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch [Syn. = P. arhizus (Scop.: Pers.) Rauschert] (Pt) is a widespread ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete forming mycorrhizas with a variety of hosts. Developmental and functional aspects of the symbiosis are well documented and thus Pt has been adopted as a model organism for investigations of the molecular basis of ectomycorrhizal interactions. In this review of the current state of knowledge of interactions between Pt and its hosts we demonstrate that Pt displays much intraspecific heterogeneity of host specificity, physiology and the benefits the fungus can impart upon the host plant. It is not clear at present how far such heterogeneity reflects systematic segregation within Pt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050172
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do ecto- and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi produce peroxidase activity? (1998)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 8 (1998), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Lignin degradation ; Fenton reaction ; Hymenoscyphus ericae ; Lignin peroxidase ; Ectomycorrhizal fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Several reports attest to the apparent ability of some ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and ericoid (ERM) mycorrhizal fungi to produce peroxidase enzyme activities during growth in axenic culture. In critically reviewing these data, we highlight that apparent peroxidase activities have been observed during growth in media containing 60–70 μM Fe. ECM and ERM fungi are known to produce H2O2 via carbohydrate oxidase activity and conditions in common culture media are favourable to the production of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals and ferryl ions via the Fenton reaction. Free radicals so produced can mediate oxidation of substrates commonly used in presumptive peroxidase assays, leading to false-positive results. We argue that there is currently no evidence to support production of peroxidase activity by ECM or ERM fungi, but highlight circumstances in which peroxidase expression might be observed in future work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050213
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilisation of organic nitrogen and phosphorus sources by mycorrhizal endophytes of Woollsia pungens (Cav.) F. Muell. (Epacridaceae) (1999)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 8 (1999), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Ericaceae ; Hymenoscyphus ericae ; Ericoid mycorrhiza ; Plant nutrition ; Ascomycetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The ability of four ericoid mycorrhizal endophytes isolated from roots of Woollsia pungens (Cav.) F. Muell. (Epacridaceae) to utilise organic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus during growth in axenic culture was assessed. All isolates were able to utilise glutamine, arginine and bovine serum albumin (BSA), along with NH4 + or NO3 –, in most cases yielding at least as much biomass as the ericoid mycorrhizal endophyte Hymenoscyphus ericae (Read) Korf & Kernan. All isolated endophytes were able to utilise BSA, arginine and glutamine as sole sources of N and C. With the exception of a single isolate (C40), which showed little growth on glutamine, biomass yields on glutamine as the sole N and C source was significantly greater for all isolates than on either of the other two organic N sources. Two isolates from W. pungens (C40 and A43) utilised DNA and sodium inositol hexaphosphate as sole P sources, in each case yielding significantly more biomass than H. ericae. The results suggest that mycorrhizal endophytes from epacrid plant hosts and those from ericaceous hosts have similar abilities to utilise organic forms of N and P.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050232
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular identification of co-occurring Cortinarius and Dermocybe species from southeastern Australian sclerophyll forests (1999)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 9 (1999), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words PCR ; RFLP ; ITS sequence analysis ; Ectomycorrhizal fungi ; Cortinarius taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The ability of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region to discriminate 10 co-occurring Cortinarius and Dermocybe species at a southeastern Australian sclerophyll forest site was assessed. Using the basidiomycete-specific primers ITS1F and ITS4B, some taxa were separated on the basis of individual RFLP patterns derived using the restriction endonucleases Hae III or Hinf I. Combined data from both endonucleases were, however, required to separate all taxa [Dermocybe austro-veneta Clel. (Moser & Horak), C. rotundisporus Clel. & Cheel, C. archeri Berk., C. sinapicolor Clel., C. violaceus (L.: Fr.) S.F.Gray, C. radicatus Clel. and four morphologically-distinct, but unidentified Cortinarius spp.]. ITS sequence comparisons confirmed that D. austro-veneta belongs in Dermocybe, that C. rotundisporus is correctly placed in subgenus Phlegmacium, and suggest that Australian C. violaceus collections are not conspecific with northern hemisphere C. violaceus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050004
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some potential inaccuracies of the p-nitrophenyl phosphomonoesterase assay in the study of the phosphorus nutrition of soil borne fungi (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 92-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Acid phosphatase ; Inositol phosphates ; Hebeloma cylindrosporum ; Organic phosphorus ; Mycorrhiza
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The p-nitrophenol phosphomonoesterase assay (pNPPase) is commonly used to measure cell-wall-associated and extracellular phosphatase activity of soil fungi. pNPPases are usually assayed in the context of fungal nutrition, where inorganic P supply might be enhanced by the mineralisation of organic P sources in the soil. We report here on a series of experiments with the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum that highlight components of accepted methodology that might impinge on the reliability of the assay. These include the loss of pNPPase after filtration, inaccuracies in measuring wall-associated enzyme and the ample pool of intracellular pNPPase can be mistakenly measured as external pNPPase if cells are accidentally damaged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050629
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution Symbiotic solution to arsenic contamination (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 404 (2000), S. 951-952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Higher plants that are adapted to living on polluted soils are generally symbiotic with mycorrhizal fungi growing on contaminated sites. It is not known whether these fungi benefit their host plants simply by fulfilling their normal ecological functions, or by enhancing the plant's ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35010193
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ericoid mycorrhiza: a partnership that exploits harsh edaphic conditions (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 54 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Plants that form ericoid mycorrhizal associations are widespread in harsh habitats. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungal endophytes are a genetically diverse group, and they appear to be able to alleviate certain environmental stresses and so facilitate the establishment and survival of Ericaceae. Some of the fungal taxa that form ericoid mycorrhizas, or at least closely related strains, also form associations with other plant hosts (trees and leafy liverworts). The functional significance of these associations and putative mycelial links between Ericaceae and other plant taxa, however, remain unclear. Evidence from environments that are contaminated by toxic metals indicates that ericoid mycorrhizal fungal endophytes, and in some instances their plant hosts, can evolve resistance to these metals. The apparent ability of these endophytes to develop resistance enables ericoid mycorrhizal plants to colonize polluted soil. This seems to be a major factor in the success of ericoid mycorrhizal taxa in a range of harsh environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1351-0754.2003.0555.x
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