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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pedunculopontine nucleus ; Substantia nigra pars compacta ; Excitatory responses ; Glutamate ; Acetylcholine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nature of the synaptic transmitter involved in the excitatory fibers linking the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus (PPN) to the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNPC) was investigated using microiontophoretic techniques in rats anesthetized with ketamine. Among the SNPC cells activated orthodromically by PPN electrical stimulation, only a few cells were weakly excited by iontophoretically administered acetylcholine (Ach) while most were not affected. Conversely all cells were promptly and powerfully excited by short pulses of glutamate (GLU). The administration of the GLU antagonists glutamic acid diethylester (GDEE) and D-α-aminoadipic acid (DAA) reversibly and simultaneously suppressed both the PPN-evoked orthodromic response and the GLU-induced excitation of SNPC cells without affecting their response to iontophoretic Ach. GDEE was more effective than DAA in counteracting the synaptically evoked excitation. On the other hand, atropine, while antagonizing the Ach response in those cells which were cholinoceptive, did not affect either the PPN-evoked or the GLU-induced excitation. Hence, despite the presence of cholinergic cells in the PPN region, Ach does not appear to be involved in the excitatory PPNSNPC pathway. The present findings suggest that the excitatory PPN fibers innervating the SNPC may utilize GLU or a closely related amino acid as a neurotransmitter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 1195-1206 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Free boundary problem ; Potential flow ; Wave resistance ; BEM ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper a numerical method to compute the wave resistance of a body submerged in a free stream of finite and infinite depth is presented. Non-linear effects on the free surface are taken into account by an iterative procedure; the solution is in the form of a single-layer potential. For the 2D problem, results are shown for both the cases of finite and infinite depth of the fluid domain, with special emphasis on the supercritical flow in which the consistency of the scheme is pointed out. The method is also extended to the 3D case of a spheroid submerged in deep water. All the results presented are compared with experimental data and analytical solutions available in the literature.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 14 (1992), S. 1135-1149 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Free surface flow ; Non-linear effects ; Free surface boundary layer ; BEM ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The fully non-linear free surface potential flow past a 2D non-lifting body is computed. The numerical method is based on the simple layer integral formulation; the non-linear solution is obtained by means of an iterative procedure. Under some hypotheses, viscosity effects at the free surface are considered. All the numerical results obtained have been tested against analytical solutions and experimental results.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 21 (1995), S. 699-722 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: domain decomposition ; free-surface ; ship flow ; viscous flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An application of multidomain decomposition to the computation of the steady free surface flow past a ship hull is presented. Viscous effects are taken into account in the neighbourhood of solid walls and in the wake by the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations, whereas the assumption of irrotationality in the external flow allows a description by a potential model. Free surface boundary conditions have been implemented in a linearized form at the undisturbed waterplane. Suitable matching conditions are enforced at the interface between the viscous and the potential regions. The numerical results obtained for two merchant ship forms (the HSVA tanker and the Series 60 hull) are compared with experimental data available in the literature.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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