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  • 1
    ISSN: 1126-5442
    Keywords: Key words Carbon monoxide poisoning ; Delayed neurologic sequelae ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The clinical and neuroradiological outcome of carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication was evaluated prospectively in 30 patients over a follow-up period of 3 years. Among the patients studied, 22 had been acutely exposed to CO while 8 were chronically exposed. One month after CO poisoning, 12 of the 22 patients with acute intoxication showed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities: 6 also had neurological sequelae and 6 were asymptomatic. The remaining 10 patients showed neither MRI abnormalities nor neurological sequelae. During the 3-year follow-up, 4 of the patients with both MRI abnormalities and neurological sequelae improved in both clinical features and MRI findings. One of the 6 asymptomatic patients with MRI abnormalities developed a progressive cognitive impairment 2 months after acute intoxication, with a concomitant severe worsening of the MRI lesions. Among the 10 patients with neither MRI abnormalities nor neurological sequelae, only 1 developed neurological sequelae after a clear period of 4 months. In the group of patients who experienced chronic CO intoxication, only 1 presented with a neuropsychiatric syndrome which improved at follow-up. Brain MRI showed white matter lesions which remained unchanged at control scan after 1 year. In conclusion, we observed that some patients with severe CO poisoning and neurological sequelae may fully regain normal functions after approximately 1 year. The presence of MRI lesions 1 month after CO poisoning did not accurately predict the subsequent outcome. The observation of a clear period longer than the usual 2–40 day interval in 2 patients should be considered for careful planning of follow-up and for prognosis in CO-poisoned patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The most frequently reported abnormal MRI finding in migraine is the presence of high signal white matter foci (WMF) on long TR images. Recently, WMF have been distinguished in periventricular WMF (PVF), when contiguous to ventricles, and deep WMF (DF), when far from these. DF, but not PVF, appear positively correlated with cerebrovascular risk factors and are called leukoaraiosis. In this study the MRI examination was performed in 129 consecutive migraine patients (83 of them had migraine without aura and 46 migraine with aura). In 19.3% of the migraineurs studied we observed WMF on T2 weighted images strictly localized in the deep white matter (DF). No PVF were observed. These findings were independent of the type of migraine and did not correlate with age, sex, disease duration, or frequency of attacks. The presence in a subgroup of migraineurs of leukoaraiosis (DF), for which a vascular genesis has been hypothesized, suggests that migraine could represent, a cerebrovascular risk factor in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Arteries ; vertebral ; Arteries ; dissection ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A review of 4,500 angiograms yielded 11 patients with dissection of the vertebral arteries who had MRI and (in 4 patients) MR angiography (MRA) in the acute phase of stroke. One patient with incidental discovery at arteriography of asymptomatic vertebral artery dissection and two patients with acute strokes with MRI and MRA findings consistent with vertebral artery dissection were included. Dissection occurred after neck trauma or chiropractic manipulation in 4 patients and was spontaneous in 10. Dissection involved the extracranial vertebral artery in 9 patients, the extra-intracranial junction in 1, and the intracranial artery in 4. MRI demonstrated infarcts in the brain stem, cerebellum, thalamus or temporo-occipital regions in 7 patients with extra- or extra-intracranial dissections and a solitary lateral medullary infarct in 4 patients (3 with intracranial and 1 with extra-intracranial dissection). In 2 patients no brain abnormality related to vertebral artery dissection was found and in one MRI did not show subarachnoid haemorrhage revealed by CT. Intramural dissecting haematoma appeared as crescentic or rounded high signal on T1-weighted images in 10 patients examined 3–20 days after the onset of symptoms. The abnormal vessel stood out in the low signal cerebrospinal fluid in intracranial dissections, whereas it was more difficult to detect in extracranial dissections because of the intermediate-to-high signal of the normal perivascular structures and slow flow proximal and distal to the dissection. In two patients examined within 36 h of the onset, mural thickening was of intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal on spin-density and T2-weighted images. MRA showed abrupt stenosis in 2 patients and disappearance of flow signal at and distal to the dissection in 5. Follow-up arteriography, MRI or MRA showed findings consistent with occlusion of the dissected vessel in 6 of 8 patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 11 (1995), S. 112-114 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Menkes' disease ; Copper deficiency ; Pili torti ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Skeletal roentgenography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Menkes' disease, a neurodegenerative progressive X-linked disorder, was diagnosed in a 4-month-old child. The diagnosis was made on the combination of clinical features with laboratory and radiological findings. The pathogenesis of the skeletal findings in Menkes' disease is as yet unclear. Because of the severity of the prognosis and in order to plan treatment, the correct diagnosis has to be reached quickly. Typical manifestations of the syndrome are likely to develop after 3 months of age, with a pleiotropic appearance. In the present case, on the basis of the clinical investigation the patient underwent retrograde cystourethrography, roentgenographic examination of the skeleton, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. On analysis of the magnetic resonance imaging, we detected one-sided involvement of both subcortical and cortical parenchyma resembling a unilateral ischemic lesion such as, to our knowledge, has not yet been reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Carotid occlusion ; spontaneous carotid dissection ; nonatherosclerotic carotid disorder ; spontaneous carotid recanalization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Abbiamo studiato 7 pazienti con occlusione dell'arteria carotide interna conseguente a dissezione arteriosa spontanea. Tutti i pazienti avevano presentato stroke, in uno associato con sindrome di Horner. L'esame dopplersonografico mostrava occlusione carotidea, ma solo lo studio angiografico permetteva di definire la diagnosi di questa patologia vascolare non aterosclerotica. Si osserva ricanalizzazione spontanea della carotide interna al controllo angiografico dopo 6–9 settimane in 6 casi, trattati solo con farmaci antiaggreganti. Solo in un pazienti i controlli seriati con doppler transcranico confermavano la persistenza dell'occlusione a distanza di sei mesi.
    Notes: Abstract We studied 7 patients with internal carotid occlusion following spontaneous arterial dissection. All presented strokes, in one associated with Horner's syndrome. The doppler examination showed carotid occlusion, but only angiography established the diagnosis of vascular disease. Spontaneous recanalization was observed in 6 cases, treated only by antiplatelet drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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