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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat capacities of organic compounds in solution. I. Low-molecular-weight alcohols in water (1969)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 91 (1969), S. 4028-4034 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01043a002
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival of Cornus sericea L. stem cortical cells following immersion in liquid helium (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 9 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cold-acclimated stems of red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.) were sampled in midwinter and early spring and subjected to the following low temperature treatments: (a)0 →−40 → 0°C; (b) 0 →−40 →− 196 → 0°C; (c) 0 →−40 →−196 →−269 →−196 → 0°C; (d) 0 →−40 →−269 →−196 → 0°C; (e) 0 →−196 → 0°C; (f) 0 →−269 →−196 →0°C. The cortical parenchyma cells of the outer stem layers survived exposure to −269°C when pre-frozen to −40°C and either transferred directly to −269°C or to −196°C and then to −269°C (treatments c and d). Acclimated stems transferred to a greenhouse (22°C) 2 weeks prior to the low temperature treatments deacclimated and were not able to survive freezing to −10°C. Cortical cells of stem samples taken in March, near the time when dogwood naturally deacclimates, survived −196°C (treatment b), but not −269°C (treatment cord). Thus, the freezing tolerance of dogwood varies seasonally from near −10°C to below −269°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1986.tb01759.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depolymerization of cortical microtubules is not a primary cause of chilling injury in corn (Zea mays L. cv Black Mexican Sweet) suspension culture cells (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cold-induced depolymerization of cortical microtubules were examined in suspension culture cells of corn (Zea mays L. cv Black Mexican Sweet) at various stages of chilling. In an attempt to determine whether microtubule depolymerization contributes to chilling injury, experiments were carried out with and without abscisic acid (ABA) pretreatment, since ABA reduces the severity of chilling injury in these cells. Microtubule depolymerization was detectable after 1 h at 4°C and became more extensive as the chilling was prolonged. There was little chilling injury after 1 d at 4°C in either ABA-treated or non-ABA-treated cells. After 3 d at 4°C, there was about 26% injury for ABA-treated and 40% injury for non-ABA-treated cells, as evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride reduction and by regrowth. After 1d at 4°C, less than 10% of cells retained full arrays of microtubules in both ABA-treated and non-ABA-treated cells, the remainder having either partial arrays or no microtubules. After 3d at 4°C, about 90% of cells showed complete or almost complete depolymerization of microtubules in both ABA-treated and non-ABA-treated cells. ABA did not stabilize the cortical microtubules against cold-induced depolymerization. In about 66% of ABA-treated cells and 57% of non-ABA-treated cells that had been held at 4°C for 3d, repolymerization of cortical microtubules occurred after 3h at 28°C. These results argue against the hypothesis that depolymerization of cortical microtubules is a primary cause of chilling injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb00978.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of cell wall in freezing tolerance of cultured potato cells and their protoplasts (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 58 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cultured potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Red Pontiac) cells suspended in PEG 1000 solutions of 0.6 and O.S osmol exhibited significantly different freezing tolerance from the same cells when suspended in PEG 6000 solutions of the same osmolalities. Cells suspended in PEG 6000 showed cytorhysis instead of plasmolysis. Cells in 0.2 and 0.4 osmol PEG 1000 had LT50(1 of −2.5°C, but the LT50 decreased to −7.50C as the osmolality increased to 0.8 osmol. In PEG 6000 the LT50 remained at −2.50C for all osmolalities used, up to and including 0.8 osmol.Released protoplasts suspended in 0.5 M sucrose had LT50 of −21.5°C, compared to −12°C for whole cells suspended in the same medium. These results lend credence to an involvement of the cell wall in freezing injury of cultured potato cells, and are interpreted in terms of the generation of a mechanical stress between cell wall and plasma membrane during the freeze-thaw cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb05738.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilizing microtubules with taxol increases microfilament stability during freezing of rye root tips (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 16 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have used double fluorescence labelling to investigate the effect of freezing on microtubules and microfilaments in root-tip cells of rye (Secale cereale L. cv Rymin). Freezing to -5°C (which does not kill these cells) caused partial depolymerization of both, but microfilaments were more resistant than microtubules. When microtubules were stabilized against freeze-induced depolymerization by pre-treating seedlings with taxol, microfilaments exhibited enhanced stability as well. Almost all the frozen cells containing taxol-stabilized microtubules also contained microfilaments. When seedlings were treated with the microtubule-destabilizing drug APM prior to freezing, microfilaments became more susceptible to freeze-induced depolymerization than in controls. These data suggest a physical interaction between microtubules and microfilaments in these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00512.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Injury to potato leaves exposed to subzero temperatures in the absence of freezing (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 164 (1985), S. 512-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chilling injury ; Solanum ; Temperature (chilling) ; Undercooling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Electrolyte leakage was measured in “hardened” and “nonhardened” leaves of three potato species, Solanum tuberosum L., S. acaule Bitt. and S. commersonii Dun., and one interspecific cross, “Alaska Frostless” (S. acaule x S. tuberosum) when exposed to various subzero temperatures. The leaves were undercooled (no ice present) from 0°C to -12.5°C for 45 min and to-4°C for up to 10 d. Regardless of the degree of undercooling no injury was observed in any of the potatoes, “hardened” or “nonhardened”, for up to 12 h. After 5 d, however, electrolyte leakage was observed in “hardened” S. tuberosum, S. acaule and S. commersonii, and in “nonhardened” “Alaska Frostless”. After 10 d exposure all potatoes, “hardened” and “nonhardened”, showed a significant amount of electrolyte leakage as compared to their controls kept at 0°C for 10 d.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395968
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunolabeled microtubules and microfilaments are visible in multiple cell layers of rye root tip sections (1996)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 191 (1996), S. 215-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Laser scanning confocal microscopy ; Multiple cell layers ; Plant microtubules ; Plant microfilaments ; Roots ; Tissue clearing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A protocol was developed to observe plant microtubules and actin microfilaments in large tissue samples without physical sectioning. Rye (Secale cereale L. cv. Rymin) root tip pieces from two-day-old seedlings were fixed and processed for immunolabeling. Incubation times of 24–48 h were required to insure adequate penetration of fixatives, antibodies, and washing buffers. Clearing of the tissue with methyl salicylate reduced background auto-fluorescence that would otherwise interfere with the resolution of cytoskeletal structures. Microtubules or microfilaments in 5–7 cell layers were visualized using the optical-sectioning capability of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and projected as three-dimensional images. The three-dimensional character of the cytoskeletal elements is retained when viewing stained cells of intact tissue. The net-like character of a microfilament array radiating out from a single point into the cytoplasm is maintained when the cells are stained in intact root tip pieces and imaging is accomplished in situ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281819
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