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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of ageing on the pharmacokinetics of dihydrocodeine (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 375-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: dihydrocodeine ; pharmacokinetics ; young/elderly patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although poor renal function reduces clearance of dihydrocodeine in man, and renal impairment occurs with ageing, no significant differences occurred in the handling of single doses of dihydrocodeine between elderly patients and young, normal subjects. After multiple dosing, the maximum concentration was significantly different between the groups, being higher in the elderly. The increase in the area under the curve in the elderly was 25% greater than in the young on chronic therapy. This difference was not statistically significant, but was likely to be of clinical significance. The elderly patients' mean creatinine clearance (61.8 ml per min) was significantly lower than that in the young (137 ml per min), and there was a significant correlation between the half-life at single dosing and the blood urea concentration. Variability in all measurements was marked in both groups, and hence no clear guidelines can be given on therapeutic dosing. The small initial dose with alterations thereafter depending on clinical effect is the best advice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558503
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of dopamine and a low protein diet on glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in the aged kidney (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 375-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Dopamine ; renal function ; renal blood flow ; glomerular filtration rate ; reserve capacity ; elderly ; low protein diet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aims of this study were to determine the effects of dopamine and a low protein diet on glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow in the aged kidney. Effective renal plasma flow was measured using 125I-labelled hippuran and glomerular filtration rate using 51Cr-labelled EDTA. Low-dose continuous intravenous dopamine 3 μg·kg−1·min−1 in 10 healthy elderly volunteers caused a significant increase in effective renal plasma flow but not in the mean glomerular filtration rate when compared with baseline. However, glomerular filtration rate did increase substantially in 5 subjects (mean 14.4, SD 1.3). This implied that the elderly kidney was working maximally without reserve capacity in half the elderly. Since renal function is likely to be even more reduced in elderly patients with congestive cardiac failure, dopamine infusions may have little place in this condition in some older patients. A low protein diet (0.69 g·kg−1) in the same volunteers reduced glomerular filtration rate, suggesting that protein restriction may help to reduce the increased filtration rate in the remaining nephrons, thereby leading to structural and functional preservation in the aged kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280121
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of ageing on the response to frusemide in normal subjects (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 303-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: frusemide ; renal function ; ageing ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of IV frusemide was studied in six healthy young (mean age 26.5 years, range 21–33) and six healthy old (mean age 72.8 years, range 66–80) volunteers. A 24-h urine collection before frusemide showed no difference in volume and sodium excretion, although the old excreted less potassium. Creatinine clearance was significantly reduced in the older subjects. After frusemide, 20 mg IV, the pattern of sodium and water excretion over a 5-h period was different in the two groups. The peak effect was greater in the young and occurred within the first 30 min, but was delayed to between 30 and 60 min in the old. Thus in the young the time for 50% of the total sodium and water to be excreted was half that in the old. This delay in sodium and water excretion was related to baseline creatinine clearance. However, the total water, sodium and potassium excreted in the 5 h after frusemide did not differ in the two groups. These results suggest that the renal effects of frusemide are different in healthy elderly subjects as compared to the young. The delayed and reduced peak response is consistent with fewer nephrons in the elderly kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542164
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride in normal young and elderly subjects and elderly hypertensive patients (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atenolol ; amiloride ; hydrochlorothiazide ; young ; elderly ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; volunteers ; patients ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six normal young and six normal elderly volunteers and six elderly hypertensive patients took part in an acute and chronic dose study of a combination capsule containing atenolol (50 mg), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg) and amiloride (2.5 mg) designed for the treatment of hypertension. No difference in any of the drug pharmacokinetic parameters could be detected between the hypertensives and the normal elderly subjects. The bio-availability and the 24-h blood concentrations of all three drugs, half-life of atenolol and amiloride and the peak concentration of hydrochlorothiazide was significantly greater in the elderly. The 24-h blood concentrations of atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide did not alter with chronic dosing, but amiloride concentrations were significantly higher at this time in all groups. A significant fall in the blood pressure was observed in the hypertensive group. Heart rate fell more in the normal and hypertensive elderly subjects than in the young. The combination has shown to be an effective and well tolerated antihypertensive in the elderly patient with a 24-h duration of action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609957
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of oral midazolam, nitrazepam and placebo in young and elderly subjects (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: midazolam ; nitrazepam ; young ; elderly ; pharmacodynamics ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve young and twelve elderly subjects received a single dose orally of midazolam 15 mg, nitrazepam 5 mg and placebo in a double-blind, crossover comparison. Midazolam acted rapidly, producing a deep sleep at 1 h in fifteen subjects compared to two after Nitrazepam and none after placebo. No comparison of psychomotor tests was possible at this time, but such tests showed that there was no detectable subjective or objective psychomotor impairment at 4 h postdose with either drug. However, the EEG scores strongly suggested that volunteers were more sleepy at 8 h after nitrazepam in comparison to placebo or midazolam. Both groups appeared to handle the drug in a similar manner, there being no significant differences between the groups in the plasma concentration time curves of nitrazepam, or midazolam. The elderly had higher concentrations of α-hydroxymidazolam. This accounted for a small proportion of the total plasma benzodiazepine concentration, and the mean area under the curve for midazolam and metabolite was not significantly different in the old from that in the young.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607572
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The direct effects of diethylstilboestrol and nifedipine on the contractile responses of isolated human and rat detrusor muscles (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Oestrogen ; Nifedipine ; Muscle contraction ; bladder ; acetylcholine ; carbachol ; 5-hydroxytryptamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the direct effect of 2 µmol·l−1 diethylstilboestrol on isolated rat and human detrusor muscles. Diethylstilboestrol significantly reduced the amplitude of the contractile response of rat detrusor muscle to stimulation with acetylcholine, carbachol, electrical field stimulation, and 5-hydroxytryptamine. In isolated human bladder it also significantly reduced contractions stimulated with acetylcholine, carbachol, and electrical field stimulation. In depolarized rat detrusor muscle stimulated with different concentrations of calcium ions, the contractile responses were significantly reduced by the addition of diethylstilboestrol. Diethylstilboestrol also significantly reduced the amplitude of contractile response to potassium chloride. The inhibitory action of diethylstilboestrol was enhanced by the reduction of extracellular calcium ions, the maximum contractile response to acetylcholine, carbachol, and electrical field stimulation being reduced by a further 32%, 23%, and 45% respectively. Diethylstilboestrol did not have a significant effect on carbachol-induced contractions in depolarized rat detrusor muscle suspended in a calcium-free environment. Diethylstilboestrol was effective in blocking rat and human detrusor muscle contraction. The likely mechanism is a reduction of the influx of calcium ions into the cell during contraction rather than an effect on intracellular calcium release. These results give support for treating incontinent patients with drugs that block calcium ion uptake, and may suggest a further beneficial effect of oestrogen therapy in postmenopausal women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740662
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminium Inhibits Muscarinic Agonist-Induced Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Production and Calcium Mobilization in Permeabilized SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 62 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effects of aluminium (as Al3+) on carbachol-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (lnsP3) production arid Ca2+ mobilisation were assessed in electropermeabilised human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Al3+ had no effect on lnsP3-induced Ca2+ release but appreciably reduced carbachol-induced Ca2+ release (lC50 of ∼90 μM). Aβ3+ also inhibited lnsP3 production (lC60 of ∼15 μM). Dimethyl hydroxypyridin-4-one, a potent Al3+ chelator (K5= 31), at 100 μM was able to abort and reverse the effects of Al3+ on both Ca2+ release and lnsP3 production. These data suggest that, in permeabilised cells, the effect of Al3+ on the phosphoinositide-mediated signalling pathway is at the level of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis. This may reflect interference with receptor-G protein-phospholipase C coupling or an interaction with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62062219.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of pelvic floor exercises in the treatment of genuine urinary stress incontinence in women at two hospitals (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 95 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. The results of the pelvic floor exercises for the treatment of genuine stress incontinence of urine were compared between two different hospitals geographically 50 miles apart. A perineal pad weighing test was used to assess the quantity of urine lost during exercise before and after treatment. A similar percentage of patients in the two studies responded to treatment and became either completely dry or significantly improved at the end of 3 months interval; 69% at LCH and 65% at LGH. Overall, 67% of patients achieved complete continence or a significant improvement as a result of pelvic floor exercises alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb09491.x
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