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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 44 (1979), S. 127-132 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Chelatable lead ; Lead in blood ; Lead in urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chelatable lead (PbU-EDTA) is the best indicator of lead concentration at the critical organ level (indicator of dose). However, since this test is not easily applicable for the biological monitoring of lead-exposed subjects, the current practice is to determine lead in blood (PbB) and/or in urine (PbU). But these tests are indicators of exposure and not of dose. To analyze the reliability of PbB and PbU in estimating lead dose, the relationships between PbU-EDTA and PbB and between PbU-EDTA and PbU were studied in two groups of male lead workers: 48 currently exposed and 45 with past exposure to lead. In currently exposed workers the correlation between PbU-EDTA and PbB and between PbU-EDTA and PbU was very close (r = 0.85, r = 0.74, respectively); in past exposed workers the correlation with PbU-EDTA was decidedly lower for PbB (r = 0.54) and not significant for PbU (r = 0.29). In both cases the relationship between the variables was linear. In the previously exposed men, PbB displayed lower values than those found in currently exposed men. These results indicate that both PbB and PbU allow an indirect estimation to be made of the internal dose in currently exposed subjects, whereas the tests cannot be used for this purpose in subjects who have long since ceased to be exposed. In these cases chelatable lead must be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 40 (1977), S. 283-292 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Lead ; Lead in blood-protoporphyrin in erythrocytes ; ALAD ; Urinary ALA ; Urinary coproporphyrin ; Validity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationships between certain indicators of internal dose and of biological effect were studied in 93 adult women with varying degrees of exposure to lead (PbB levels ranging from 8 to 74 μg/ 100 ml). The results were compared with those obtained in a group of 95 males with more of less similar exposure. In both groups a good correlation was found between PbB and ALAD, EP, CPU taken singularly and the trend of the indicators of effect, depending on PbB levels, was similar: the decrease in ALAD values was already clear at PbB levels which do not cause an elevation of EP and the erythrocyte metabolite increased earlier than CPU. Considering the same levels of internal lead load (measured by both PbB and PbU-EDTA) in women, EP values were higher than in the men. No significant difference was established between the two sexes regarding ALAD and CPU values, when considered at the same PbB levels. Validity of ALAD and EP in the females, as already shown in our previous studies on males, was moderate in predicting PbB levels ⩾ 40 μg/100 ml, while it clearly improved at PbB levels ⩾ 50–60 μg/ 100 ml. This indicates that for screening women of child-bearing age the two indicators of effect must be used with caution, since a value of 40 μg/100 ml has been proposed as the „permissible” PbB limit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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