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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analgesic activity of the novel COX-2 preferring NSAID, meloxicam in mono-arthritic rats: Central and peripheral components (1997)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 46 (1997), S. 203-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Analgesia — Pain — Arthritis — Cyclooxygenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: To study the characteristics and site of the analgesic action of meloxicam.¶Subjects: Adult female Wistar rats.¶Treatment: Monoarthritis was induced (for behavioural studies) by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the ankle. Meloxicam was given for 5 days (0.1–4 mg/kg/day i.p.). Inflammation of the knee or paw (for electrophysiology) was induced with carrageenan. Meloxicam was given i.v. (4–64 mg/kg).¶Methods: Rats were tested daily for joint hyperalgesia, and hindlimb posture (behaviour). At post-mortem, joint stiffness, oedema and gastric lesions were assessed. In anaesthetised rats, nociceptive reflex responses to stimulation of the paw were compared (electrophysiology). Statistics were performed using one-way analysis of variance.¶Results: Meloxicam reduced swelling and stiffness of the inflamed joint, joint hyperalgesia (ID50 = 0.4 ± 0.4 mg/kg/day) and spontaneous pain-related behaviour. It also inhibited peripherally mediated reflex responses to stimulation of inflamed tissue (ID50 = 7.6 ± 0.8 mg/kg i.v.) without affecting centrally mediated reflexes.¶Conclusions: Systemic meloxicam produces analgesia largely via peripheral mechanisms. The rapidity of its actions indicates a direct effect on sensitised nociceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050174
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of metamizol on nociceptive responses to stimulation of the ureter and on ureter motility in anaesthetised rats (1996)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Analgesia ; Pain ; Renal colic ; Dipyrone ; Cyclooxygenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study, we have examined the effects of metamizol (dipyrone), a non-opioid analgesic which is effective in relieving renal colic pain, on nociceptive responses evoked by stimulation of the ureter, on pyeloureteral motility and on intraureter pressure after ureter obstruction in anaesthetised rats. Metamizol (5–50 mg/kg i.v.) dose-dependently inhibited reflex pressor responses evoked by distensions of the ureter to pressures of 30, 55 and 75 mmHg for 30 s (ID50=8±1 mg/kg). Metamizol also dose-dependently reduced intraureter pressure during total ureter occlusion (25 mg/kg produced a reduction of 25% in 10 min). However, metamizol at doses up to 50 mg/kg had no effect on pyleoureteric motility (contraction amplitude, rate or intraureter pressure) under normal pressure conditions. We conclude that metamizol has a direct antinociceptive action on pain of ureteric origin, and spasmolytic effects after ureter obstruction (but not under normal conditions) which may also contribute to pain relief.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265170
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Afferent innervation of the guinea-pig's ureter (1988)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 25 (1988), S. 243-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The electrical activity of 41 mechanosensitive afferent units was recored using anin vitro preparation of the guinea-pig's ureter. The conduction velocities of these fibres were found to be in the C-fibre range. Only 4 of them responded to contractions of the ureter. The activation threshold of the units to intraluminal (i.l.) pressure varied between 3 and 50 mm Hg. It is concluded that some of these afferent fibres might be involved in the signalling of nociceptive events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01965024
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ascending projections of nociceptor-driven Lamina I neurones in the cat (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 35 (1979), S. 135-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lamina I neurones ; Lissauer's tract ; Sensory pathways ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single unit activity has been recorded from nociceptor-driven Lamina I neurones in the lumbar spinal cord of chloralose anaesthetized and gallamine paralysed cats. Ninety-four nociceptor-driven Lamina I neurones were identified by their superficial location in the dorsal horn and their ability to respond only to noxius stimulation of their cutaneous receptive fields. One-third of the Lamina I neurones responded only to noxious mechanical stimulation of the skin (Class 3a) und two-thirds responded to both mechanical and thermal noxious stimulation (Class 3b). Lissauer's tract was stimulated electrically two and three segments rostral to the recording sites. Ninety percent of the neurones tested showed a post-synaptic excitation mediated by fibres conducting at a mean velocity of 5.2 m/s (range 0.9–13.3 m/s). It is concluded that Aδ and C afferent fibres running in Lissauer's tract excite nociceptor-driven Lamina I neurones. Ninety-six percent of the neurones tested showed a long period of inhibition (100–200 ms) following stimulation of large afferent fibres in the dorsal column. This inhibition was increased when the intensity of stimulation recruited Lissauer's tract fibres. Fifteen percent of the neurones tested were antidromically activated by Lissauer's tract stimulation from up to 3 segments rostal to their origin. A further 18.5% were antidromically excited by stimulation of deeper tracts. The mean conduction velocity of the axons of these projecting neurones was 8.6 m/s (range 3.8–16.5 m/s) and thus are small myelinated axons. The Class 3b neurones exhibited a significantly lower conduction velocity (7.5±2.8 (S.D.) m/s) than the Class 3a neurones (10.7±3.7 (S.D.) m/s). It is concluded that at least two-thirds of the population of nociceptor-driven Lamina I neurones are segmental interneurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236790
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substance P-like immunoreactivity in lamina V of the rat thoracic spinal cord: Visceral afferent origin
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 15 (1986), S. 191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(86)90138-2
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in anal sensation in continent and incontinent patients with perineal descent (1989)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 4 (1989), S. 45-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neuropathic damage secondary to pelvic floor descent is considered to be an important aetiological factor in idiopathic faecal incontinence. Perineal descent however does not necessarily result in a loss of motor function or incontinence. To elucidate the role of anal sensation in the continence mechanism we measured mucosal electrosensitivity and thermal sensitivity in normal controls and in both continent and incontinent patients with perineal descent. A catheter carrying two platinum electrodes was used to assess mucosal electrosensitivity and a water perfused thermode 1 cm long to measure thermal sensory thresholds. In addition, routine anal manometry was performed. The degree of perineal descent and anorectal angle was assessed radiographically. Anal sensation was largely preserved in continent patients with perineal descent (Controls vs continent perineal descent, Mucosal electrosensitivity (ma), lower anal canal: 4 (2–7) vs 5 (2.6–8) ns; middle anal canal 4 (2–7) vs 4.2 (2–15) ns; upper anal canal 6.5 (4–13) vs 8.3 (3.6–16)P〈0.05, thermal sensitivity, median threshold (°C), lower anal canal 0.92 (0.5–2.5) vs 0.95 (0.3–3.6) ns; middle anal canal 0.83 (0.4–1.5) vs 0.75 (0.2–2) ns; upper anal canal 0.98 (0.6–2.4) vs 2.2 (0.5–4.8)p〈0.05). There was a severe impairment of anal sensation in the incontinent patients with perineal descent despite a greater degree of perineal descent in the continent group. Loss of anal sensation is associated with the development of incontinence and is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of the condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01648550
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tonic descending inhibition of spinal cord neurones driven by joint afferents in normal cats and in cats with an inflamed knee joint (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 83 (1991), S. 675-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pain ; Inflammation ; Descending inhibition ; Nociception ; Spinal cord ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In ten cats, single unit electrical activity was recorded in the lumbosacral spinal cord from neurones driven by stimulation of afferent fibres from the ipsilateral knee joint. Tonic descending inhibition (TDI) on the responses of these cells was measured as increases in resting and evoked activity of the neurones following reversible spinalization of the animals with a cold block at upper lumbar level. Acute inflammation of the knee joint was induced in five of the cats by the injection of kaolin and carrageenan into the joint. TDI was observed in 25 of 33 neurones recorded in normal animals (76%) and in 36 of 40 (90%) neurones recorded in animals with acute knee joint inflammation. In both kinds of preparation TDI was more pronounced in neurones recorded in the deep dorsal horn and in the ventral horn than in those recorded in the superficial dorsal horn. There was a tendency in the whole sample for TDI to be greater in neurones with input from inflamed knees. We conclude that the spinal processing of afferent information from joints is under tonic descending influences and that the amount of TDI can be altered during acute arthritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229846
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of anal sensation with preservation of the anal transition zone after ileoanal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis (1990)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 33 (1990), S. 414-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Restorative proctocolectomy ; Ileoanal anastomosis ; Anal transition zone ; Continence ; Discrimination ; Sensation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One of the most important considerations in restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis is postoperative continence. Preservation of the anal transition zone has been associated with improved results after this procedure in the pediatric age group. This study was carried out to determine the effect of preservation of the amal transition zone in adult patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy, comparing a group of patients with the anal transition zone preserved with a group of patients with the anal transition zone removed. Physiologic testing demonstrated improved sensation in those patients with a preserved anal transition zone. Functional results were not significantly improved, although there was a trend toward improved continence and discrimination in those with the anal transition zone preserved. Although the results are early and are not conclusive from the clinical standpoint, they are certainly encouraging and may justify continued use of this technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02156269
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