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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hemorrhagic necrosis due to peliosis hepatis: imaging findings and pathological correlation (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 454-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Liver ; diseases ; Peliosis ; Computed tomography ; Angiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Peliosis hepatis is an uncommon liver condition characterized by blood-filled cavities. We report the CT, angiographic and MR features of a case of peliosis hepatis with no obvious etiology and spontaneously regressing hemorrhagic necrosis. Helical CT showed multiple peripheral low-density regions with foci of spontaneous high density suggesting the presence of blood component. On MR imaging, the multiple peripheral lesions were hypointense on T1-weighted and hyperdense on T2-weighted images, with bright foci on all sequences suggesting subacute blood. Angiography showed no evidence of tumor or vascular malformation; multiple nodular vascular lesions filling in the parenchymal phase and persisting in the venous phase suggested blood-filled cavities. Pathological examination showed blood-filled spaces with no endothelial lining, characteristic of the parenchymal type of peliosis. Knowledge of the imaging features of hemorrhagic necrosis due to peliosis hepatis is important since it can be responsive to antibiotic therapy. Furthermore, differentiating hemorrhagic necrosis from hepatic abscess avoids dangerous and sometimes fatal percutaneous drainage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050691
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Almitrine bismesylate disposition in the human digestive tract (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 487-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: almitrine ; drug absorption ; liver metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; biliary excretion ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The absorption of almitrine from the upper gastrointestinal tract has been evaluated in 6 healthy volunteers by an intubation technique. Almitrine bismesylate dissolved in malic acid was introduced into the stomach after homogenization with a meal containing the marker14C-polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000. Unlabeled PEG 4000 was infused into the second part of duodenum throughout the experiment. Samples of the luminal content were collected every 15 min for four hours from the stomach and at the ligament of Treitz. Blood was also collected. Almitrine was neither absorbed from nor metabolized in the stomach. About 37% of the quantity of drug emptied from the stomach was absorbed from the duodenum. Almitrine was detected in plasma 50 min after ingestion of the meal and its plasma concentration-time profile reflected the cumulative gastric emptying rate. The metabolite tetrahydroxy almitrine was found in intestinal samples as soon as unchanged drug was detected in plasma. The intraluminal rate of formation of the metabolite increased with time. The results suggest hepatic metabolism of almitrine followed by rapid excretion of the metabolite in the bile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558129
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of phase 3 of the migrating motor complex in human small intestine by trimebutine (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 615-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: trimebutine ; intestinal motility ; opiates ; migrating motor complex ; naxolone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of trimebutine, a drug used in the treatment of various gastrointestinal motility disorders, have been investigated fed and fasted healthy subjects. Duodenojejunal motility was recorded manometrically with a 4-lumen probe. Trimebutine 50 or 100 mg was injected i.v. 3 or 25 min after observing a spontaneous Phase 3 complex in the fasted state. Other experiments were done in the postprandial state and after intravenous naloxone 0.8 mg. In the fasted state, trimebutine 100 mg, injected 25 min after a spontaneous Phase 3 complex consistently induced a premature Phase 3 complex. The mean duration of the migrating motor complex cycle decreased from 86.4±10.8 min to 32.5±1.0 min. Trimebutine 50 mg injected 3 and 25 min after a spontaneous Phase 3 complex did not significantly modify the periodicity of the migrating motor complex. Trimebutine 100 mg initiated Phase 3-like activity in the post-prandial state. Previous intravenous administration of naloxone 0.8 mg (Narcan) suppressed the stimulatory action of TMB. Thus, trimebutine is able to modify the motility pattern in the small intestine of man, possibly by acting at opiod receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02455998
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease: effect of calcium and vitamin D with or without fluoride (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previous data have indicated low bone formation as a mechanism of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Fluoride can stimulate bone formation.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To assess the effect of fluoride supplementation on lumbar spine bone mineral density in osteoporotic patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated in parallel with calcium and vitamin D.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel and placebo-controlled study, 94 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (lumbar spine T score below − 2 standard deviations, normal serum 25OH vitamin D), with a median age of 35 years, were included. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Patients were randomized to receive daily either sodium monofluorophosphate (150 mg, n=45) or placebo (n=49) for 1 year, and all received calcium (1 g) and vitamin D (800 IU). The relative change in bone mineral density from 0 to 12 months was tested in each group (fluoride or placebo) and compared between the groups.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Lumbar spine bone mineral density increased significantly in both groups after 1 year: 4.8 ± 5.6% (n=29) and 3.2 ± 3.8% (n=31) in the calcium–vitamin D–fluoride and calcium–vitamin D–placebo groups, respectively (P 〈 0.001 for each group). There was no difference between the groups (P=0.403). Similar results were observed according to corticosteroid intake or disease activity.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Calcium and vitamin D seem to increase lumbar spine density in osteoporotic patients with inflammatory bowel disease; fluoride does not provide further benefit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01247.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Could oral erythromycin optimize high energy continuous enteral nutrition? (1996)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 10 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Intravenous erythromycin has previously been reported to stimulate gastric emptying, to inhibit gastric acid secretion and to stimulate pancreatic secretion during continuous gastric infusion of a liquid diet in healthy volunteers. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral erythromycin (160 mg/h) on gastrointestinal function under these conditions in seven healthy subjects. Method: This randomized double-blind cross-over study measured the gastric emptying rate of nutrients, gastric acid secretion, gastric pH, jejunal flow rate as well as biliopancreatic secretion and duodeno-caecal transit time during a 19.9 kJ/min continuous infusion of a nutrient solution (4.18 kJ/mL) in the antrum over a 6-h period by a perfusion method. Results: The nutrition was well tolerated except by one subject with placebo perfusion. During the 6-h period, total gastric volume and gastric volume of nutrient decreased during erythromycin administration by 22±8 and 22±6%, respectively. Gastric acid secretion was not modified by erythromycin. Lipase and bile salt outputs were significantly higher with erythromycin. The duodeno-caecal transit time was not statistically different with drug and placebo (169±15 and 146±19 min, respectively). Conclusion: During continuous gastric infusion of a liquid diet, the effect of oral erythromycin on gastric emptying could be useful to optimize cyclic enteral nutrition or to enhance the tolerance of enteral nutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1996.75247000.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Omeprazole-amoxycillin versus omeprazole-amoxycillin-clarithromycin in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 10 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: AIM: To assess the effect of adding clarithromycin to the combination of omeprazole and amoxycillin for the eradication of H. pylori infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In an open, randomized, three-centre study 120 patients (69 men, mean age 47 years, caucasians 74%) with symptoms of dyspepsia had normal gastroscopic examination and a positive urease test. They underwent a 13C-urea breath test and received, for 14 days, either omeprazole 40 mg b.d. plus amoxycillin 750 mg b.d., or the same regimen plus clarithromycin 250 mg b.d. Compliance was assessed by returned tablet counts. H. pylori clearance at the end of treatment and eradication 4 weeks after finishing treatment were assessed by 13C-urea breath test. RESULTS: Results are expressed according to 'all patients treated analysis', excluding patients who did not receive treatment and patients who had no final 13C-urea breath test assessment. In the groups treated with omeprazole- amoxycillin or omeprazole-amoxycillin-clarithromycin good compliance (〉 or = 90%) was observed in 85% vs. 76% (N.S.) of patients but 25% vs. 34% (N.S.) experienced at least one adverse event. Adverse events were minor, and no patient reported a metallic taste. Four weeks after finishing treatment eradication rates were 26% (95% CI: 15-37%) vs. 93% (95% CI: 86-99%) (P 〈 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results show that dual therapy with omeprazole plus amoxycillin achieves an unacceptably low H. pylori eradication rate. Addition of clarithromycin at low dosage (250 mg b.d.) proved to be useful, achieving a high eradication rate without increasing side-effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-0673.1996.00263.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of acetorphan, an antidiarrhoeal enkephalinase inhibitor, on oro-caecal and colonic transit times in healthy volunteers (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Acetorphan is a potent enkephalinase inhibitor displaying antidiarrhoeal activity attributable to its intestinal antisecretory action mediated by endogenous enkephalins. The effect of acetorphan on digestive motility was studied in 12 healthy volunteers. Oro-caecal transit time was evaluated using the sulphasalazine/sulphapyridine method and colonic transit times using radiopaque markers. These measurements were successively performed after one week treatment with an antidiarrhoeal dose of acetorphan (100 mg t.d.s.) or placebo. There was no significant modification in transit time linked to acetorphan treatment: total orocaecal times were 303 ± 32 min vs. 287 ± 27 min and colonic transit times 25.8 ± 5.8 h vs. 31.3 ± 5.5 h after acetorphan and placebo, respectively (means ± S.E.M.). There was no significant modification either in right colonic, left colonic or rectosigmoid segmental transit times, or in the mean number of stools. These results, consistent with those from animal studies, confirm that, unlike classical antidiarrhoeal mu opiate receptor agonists, which act by delaying intestinal transit, acetorphan does not affect the transit. Antidiarrhoeal activity not accompanied by a delayed intestinal transit could have beneficial therapeutic consequences in the management of infectious diarrhoea. In addition, we show that the sulfphasalazine and radiopaque markers methods can be simultaneously applied in the same study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1992.tb00052.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of metoclopramide and trimebutine on small bowel motility in humans (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Trimebutine maleate and metoclopramide increase small bowel motility. The present manometric study of the human normal interdigestive duodeno-jejunal motility demonstrated two different pharmacological effects in 15 healthy volunteers. Trimebutine constantly induced a premature phase 3 activity (0.81 ± 0.4 min after a 100-mg intravenous injection) with patterns similar to spontaneous phase 3. Metoclopramide increased the motility index (contractile activity) during phase 2 without inducing a premature phase 3. No significant variations in plasma motilin concentration were noticed after either trimebutine or metoclopramide. The pancreatic polypeptide concentration rose significantly after metoclopramide injection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1989.tb00226.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of efficacy and safety of two doses of two different polyethylene glycol-based laxatives in the treatment of constipation (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim : To compare standard and maximum daily doses of polyethylene glycol 3350 plus electrolytes (Transipeg) and polyethylene glycol 4000 (Forlax) in a multicentre, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study.Methods : Ambulatory patients with idiopathic chronic constipation were randomized to receive Forlax (10 or 20 g) or Transipeg (5.9 or 11.8 g) for 1 month. The primary efficacy end-point was stool frequency. Secondary efficacy parameters included stool consistency, date of occurrence of first motion, straining on defecation, rectal evacuation, abdominal pain and distension. Adverse events were recorded.Results : Stool frequency was significantly increased compared with baseline in all treatment groups (P = 0.0001). Most patients (≥ 67.3%) had their first stool within 1 day of starting treatment. Stool consistency significantly improved compared with baseline in all treatment groups (P = 0.0001). The percentage of patients with normal stool consistency was significantly higher for standard-dose Transipeg vs. both maximum-dose treatments (P 〈 0.01). Other secondary parameters were also significantly improved compared with baseline in all treatment groups (P = 0.0001). All medications were well tolerated.Conclusions : Standard-dose Transipeg (5.9 g) normalized stool consistency with less semi-liquid or liquid stools than maximum-dose Transipeg and Forlax, with a non-significant trend towards less semi-liquid or liquid stools than standard-dose Forlax.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01390.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyethylene glycol for constipation: Author's reply (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02363.x
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