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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 103 (1989), S. 359-363 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The photosynthesis of zooxanthellae in a coral polyp greatly enchances the calcification rate of a coral. However, the white tip of a coral branch is free of zooxanthellae yet still has a very high calcification rate. Furthermore, the reason for the difference is not clear. In this study, the amount of photopigment, total protein (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), ATP, and lipid in polyps from the white tip and brown stalk of a branch of stony coral were measured. Samples of Acropora hyacinthus and A. formosa were collected from southern Taiwan between 1985 and 1987. The results showed that the ATP concentration in polyps of the white tip was much higher than that in polyps of the brown stalk. Conversely, the amount of TP, TOC and measured lipids in polyps of the brown stalk were all higher than those of the white tip. It was the high concentration of ATP in cells that gave these polyp tips the vitality to sustain the energy requirements of such a rapid calification rate. Facilitated diffusion, due to the high metabolite gradient created by cell activity, could be the major driving force for the transport of photosynthetic product from stalk to tip.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 317-323 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70.−r ; 71.55.−i ; 81.40.−z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The central position and the infrared absorption coefficient of the 9 μm band of Si samples were measured with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at temperatures from T=77 K to 775 K. The infrared absorption coefficients were corrected by considering background absorption and free carrier absorption calculated from the increased free carrier concentration and from the resistivity determined from Hall effect measurements. We found the central position of the 9 μm band to shift to longer wavelengths with increasing temperature. The concentration [Oi] of interstitial oxygen is almost constant for T〈600 K, but decreased rapidly for T〉600 K. These results verified there are two types of thermal configurations of oxygen in silicon: The bonded Si2O configuration with a binding energy E b≈0.8 to 1.0 eV at T≈77 K to 600 K, and the Si2O configuration coexists with a quasi-free interstitial oxygen (QFIO) state for T〉600 K. The lattice potential barrier E L, which retards QFIO atoms from migrating in the lattice, is estimated to be 1.5 to 1.6 eV. From these configurations the anomalous diffusivity of oxygen in silicon can be explained quite well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 44 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of heat transfer is required in designing and sizing the heat transfer surface necessary for heat exchangers. A heat transfer correlation equation was determined for a rotary steam-coil vacuum evaporator for concentrating tomato juice at the temperature difference of 120–130°F. A Nusselt-type dimensionless equation was obtained as follows: hoDt/k = 0.60 XS-2.5 1 (ρND2c/μ)0.6 2 (cpμ/k)1/3μ/μW)0,14 in which ho is the film coefficient for the product side of coil surface; Dc is the ouside diameter of rotary coil; Dt is the inside diameter of the mixing vessel; k is the thermal conductivity; XS is the solids content in decimal; ρ is the density; N is the speed of the rotary coil; μ is the viscosity; and cp is the specific heat. All fluid properties were evaluated at the arithmetic mean temperature of the bulk fluid and the wall except the μW which was evaluated at the wall temperature. The Reynolds number is in the range of 1–200 and solids content 20–50%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 52 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Each year, thousands of tons of citrus concentrate are stored and transported throughout the world at 62° Brix. Increasing this concentration to 72° Brix can result in substantial savings. Fresh orange juice, treated mechanically or with pectic enzymes to reduce its viscosity, was concentrated to 72° Brix in a commercial processing plant, then samples were stored in barrels in a tank farm at −7 or at 4°C. At monthly intervals, samples were blended to make 41.8° Brix Frozen Concentrated Orange Juice. The enzyme-treated samples had lower viscosity than those mechanically treated. Vitamin C retention levels were 〉 94% after 6 months storage at 4°C. Taste evaluations rated the product ‘very good’ and furfural levels were well below that which indicates off flavors. Browning tended to increase with storage time and temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 55 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Freezing points of orange juices and model sugar-acid-water systems at various solute concentrations were investigated using models of solution theory. The observed freezing point depression values of citrus juice were less than those of the model system of comparable average molecular weight. The differences were characterized by a parameter which accounted for the solute-solvent interactions. Models with generalized values were presented which allowed the prediction of equilibrium freezing curves of fruit juices based on proximate sugar-acid composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 54 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A semi-empirical model of water activity changes due to solute concentrations increase in solutions of electrolytes and nonelectrolytes was developed based on an extension of Raoult's law. Comparisons between predicted and observed aw data for a variety of sugars, salts and acids indicated the proposed model fitted the a” data with accuracy to ±0.001 aw up to 4–14 molalities depending upon the solutes. Percent weight concentrations of some solutes for various a” values at 25°C were presented for practical applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 57 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Grapefruit juice and grapefruit pulp wash were ultrafiltered and debittered with a pilot system. The flow rate through the membrane increased with the transmembrane pressure up to 137.8 kPa. Limonin in grapefruit juice and grapefruit pulp wash was completely removed. The debittering process was tested at 13, 27 and 48°C. Limonin removal efficiency was independent of temperature between 13 and 48°C. However the resin column was exhausted more rapidly for na-ringin, narirutin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin particularly at 13°C. Taste panel results suggested that debittering of grapefruit pulp wash appreciably increased its flavor acceptability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 52 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simplified freezing point depression (FPD) equation was derived for calculating water activity (aw) of food systems. The aw values as calculated by FPD data agreed with literature data for a variety of foods to within ± 0.01 aw units. The FPD equation was found particularly useful for calculating aw values of frozen foods at temperatures between 273.1.5–233.15 °K (0 to −40°C).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 51 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Freezing point depression (FPD) methods were applied to estimate the effective molecular weights of pure solutions and liquid foods. Explicit expressions among FPD, molecular weight and concentration were developed. The estimated molecular weights were about 333–356 for skim milk, 347–350 for coffee beverage, 164–167 for grape juice and 196–203 for tomato juice. The FPD methods were considered accurate for nonacidic foods but they could underestimate the values for acidic foods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 34 (1992), S. 15-19 
    ISSN: 0924-4247
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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