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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Autonomic & autacoid pharmacology 23 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1474-8673
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: 1 The vasoconstrictor response to periarterial nerve electrical stimulation (PNS) and neurotransmission by ATP are discussed and illustrated, using canine isolated and perfused splenic arterial preparations. 2 The conditions for appearance of dominant purinergic constrictor response to PNS are discussed. 3 Modulation of the purinergic vasoconstrictor responses to PNS by several kinds of presynaptic receptor agonists and antagonists is reviewed. 4 Influences of purinergic responses to PNS by guanethidine, reserpine, tetrodotoxin (TTX) or ω-conotoxin GVIA (ωCTX) are also reviewed. 5 Effects of imipramine and removal of the endothelium are discussed. 6 Evidence is presented for selective inhibition of purinergic responses to PNS by an adequate cold storage of the vessel. 7 The roles of ATP released by PNS in isolated canine splenic arteries are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Autonomic & autacoid pharmacology 22 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1474-8673
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: 1 The effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) upon the isolated vasculature are reviewed. 2 The vasconstrictor responses to periarterial nerve stimulation (PNS) and neurotransmission by noradrenaline (NA) and ATP are discussed and illustrated using canine isolated perfused splenic artery. 3 Modulation of the vascular responses to PNS by NPY via pre- and post-junctional NPY Y2 and Y1 receptors is discussed. 4 Evidence is presented for different α1-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction to exogenous and endogenously released NA and their different locations in the neurovascular junction and extrajunctional regions. 5 Activation of NPY Y1-receptors potentiates sympathetic nerve activated α1-adrenoceptor vasoconstriction. The proposal that the postjunctional α1B adrenoceptor may be linked to the NPY Y1-receptor and is responsible for co-operation between sympathetic and NPYergic interactions in the vasculature is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1474-8673
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: 1 The effects of BIIE 0246, a novel and non-peptide neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptor antagonist on sympathetic vasoconstriction of the canine splenic artery were investigated. 2 The vasoconstrictor response to periarterial electrical nerve stimulation was described to be a double peaked vasoconstriction consisting of an initial transient, dominantly P2X purinoceptor-mediated constriction followed by a prolonged, mainly α1 adrenoceptor-induced response. 3 BIIE 0246 at a concentration of 0.1–1 μm dose-dependently potentiated double peaked constrictions at low frequencies (1 and 4 Hz), whereas at high frequency (10 Hz), it failed to affect these responses. BIIE 0246 (1 μm) also enhanced double peaked responses even in the presence of rauwolscine (0.1 μm). NPY (13–36) (1–100 nm), a selective Y2 receptor agonist reduced these two peaked responses in a dose-related manner. The vasoconstriction to noradrenaline (0.1–10 nmol) or adenosine triphosphate (0.01–1 μmol) was not significantly influenced by either 1 μm BIIE 0246 or 100 nm NPY (13–36). Exposure of tissues to 1 μm BIIE 0246 almost completely prevented the suppression of double peaked constrictions by NPY (13–36) (10 nm) or by NPY (10 nm). 4 We conclude that NPY inhibits sympathetic purinergic and adrenergic vasoconstrictions through an activation of prejunctional Y2 receptor subtype in the neurovascular junction of the canine splenic artery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Autonomic & autacoid pharmacology 23 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1474-8673
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: 1 The regulation by angiotensin II (Ang II) formed locally on nerve-stimulated purinergic and adrenergic components of double-peaked vasoconstrictions in the canine splenic artery and Ang II receptor subtypes involved were investigated. 2 The perfusion of the precursor angiotensin I (Ang I, 0.1–1 nm) did not affect the vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline (NA, 0.03–1 nmol) and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP, 0.03–1 μmol). The second component vasoconstrictor response to nerve stimulation was dose dependently potentiated by Ang I (0.1–1 nm). The first peaked constriction was slightly, but insignificantly increased. The potentiating effects of Ang I were abolished by KRH-594 (10 nm), a selective AT1 receptor antagonist, but not by PD 123319 (1–10 nm), an AT2 receptor antagonist. KRH-594 (10 nm) or PD 123319 (10 nm) never affected the vasoconstrictions to either NA or ATP. 3 The treatment with KRH-594 (1–10 nm) produced a greater inhibition on the second peaked response than the first one, although both of them were dose dependently inhibited. PD 123319 (1–10 nm) did not affect the vasoconstrictor responses induced by nerve stimulation. 4 Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme with 10 nm enalaprilat reduced the second peaked response, having no significant inhibition on the first peaked response. A higher dose of enalaprilat (100 nm) produced a greater inhibition of the second peak than the first one. It reduced the second peak by approximately 65%, while the first peak was decreased approximately 35%. After treatment with enalaprilat, Ang I (1 nm) failed to enhance the neuronal vascular response. Enalaprilat at doses used did not affect the vasoconstrictions to either NA or ATP. 5 The present results indicate that endogenously generated Ang II may produce a more marked potentiation of adrenergic transmission than purinergic transmission via activation of prejunctional AT1 receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Autonomic & autacoid pharmacology 22 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1474-8673
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: 1 The present study attempted to pharmacologically characterize the subtypes of α-adrenoceptors mediating the vasoconstriction in the isolated and perfused canine vesical artery. 2 Noradrenaline (NA) and phenylephrine (PE, an α1-adrenoceptor agonist) induced a dose-dependent vasoconstriction, whereas xylazine (an α2-agonist) did not induce any clear vascular constrictor response. 3 Prazosin at 0.01 μm and rauwolscine at 0.1 μm failed to affect the NA-induced vasoconstriction. Prazosin at 0.1 μm antagonized the vasoconstrictor responses to NA, with pKB value of 7.8. 4 WB 4101 at 0.01–0.1 μm dose-dependently inhibited the responses to NA, with a pKB value of 8.9. The vasoconstrictor responses to NA were not significantly affected by chloroethylclonidine (10–30 μm) or BMY 7378 (0.1 μm). 5 The present results indicate that the canine vesical arteries dominantly contain α1-adrenoceptors but have no α2-adrenoceptors, and the functional subtype of α1-adrenoceptor is characterized as an α1A-adrenoceptor subtype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 5 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of seven dopamine amino acid conjugated derivatives were compared with those of dopamine on sinus rate and contractile force using the isolated, blood-perfused dog atrium preparation.2. Each of these dopamine derivatives induced dose-related positive chronotropic and inotropic effects.3. The positive chronotropic and inotropic effects were obtained with the same rank order of potency for each effect with six of the dopamine derivatives. Their rank order and relative potency (dopamine = 1000) were: N-Ileu-dopamine (3)〉 N-Glu-Pro-dopamine (1) =N-Ala-Glu-dopamine (l)〉N-Gly-Gly-dopamine (0.3) = N-γ-Glu-dopamine (0.3)〉N-Gly-Gly-Leu-dopamine (0.1)〉N-Gly-Gly-Pro-dopa-mine (0.01).4. In doses producing equal positive inotropic effects, the positive chronotropic effect of N-Gly-Gly-Leu-dopamine was much less than with the other derivatives tested. Its potency compared to dopamine (= 1000) was 0.3 for the inotropic and 0.1 for the chronotropic effect.5. The duration of action of doses of the derivatives producing approximately equal positive inotropic responses was in the order N-Ileu-dopamine =N-γ-Glu-dopamine =N-Gly-Pro-dopamine =N-Ala-Glu-dopamine 〉 N-Gly-Gly-dopamine = N-Gly-Gly-Leu-dopamine =N-Gly-Gly-Pro-dopamine 〉 dopamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 9 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of verapamil on dopamine-, secretin- and pancreozymin-induced pancreatic secretion were investigated in the isolated, blood-perfused canine pancreas in vivo.2. The volume of pancreatic secretion either in the resting state or induced by pancreozymin given intra-arterially (i.a.) was decreased by an infusion of 5 μg/min of verapamil; that induced by dopamine or secretin i.a. was also decreased but the changes were not statistically significant.3. Protein concentration in pancreatic juice either in the resting state or in that of stimulated secretion by pancreozymin was decreased significantly, but protein concentration induced by dopamine or secretin was not affected, by verapamil treatment.4. Verapamil had no effect on bicarbonate concentration in pancreatic juice secreted either in the resting state or when stimulated by these secretagogues.5 These results suggest that verapamil, at least in part, may affect the secretory mechanisms of acinar cells but not that of the ductular cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 4 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of acetylcholine on the frequency-force relationship in isolated atria of the dog were investigated in spontaneously beating and electrically paced preparations, which were suspended in a bath perfused with arterial blood from a carotid artery of a heparinized donor dog.2. The developed tension at low frequencies of stimulation was less suppressed than at higher frequencies by an infusion of a relatively low dose level (1–2 μg/min) of acetylcholine. At higher doses (4–10 μg/min), acetylcholine suppressed the tension development at any given frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was designed to evaluate the immunogenic characteristics of enzymatically digested gelatin, ‘FreAlagin’, employing the lymphoproliferative response in subjects with gelatin hypersensitivity. Our purpose was to assess the response of primed lymphocytes to the newly developed FreAlagin and compare it to the response to conventional gelatin.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉MethodsA gelatin-specific lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT) was performed in 110 children with adverse reactions to gelatin-containing vaccines, who showed positive gelatin-specific cell-mediated immunity and were thus diagnosed as having gelatin hypersensitivity. Gelatin-specific IgE was measured in all subjects. The antigenic activity of FreAlagin to lymphocytes was compared with that of conventional bovine gelatin. Positive and negative control specimens were obtained from the patients with anaphylaxis and from subjects inoculated with gelatin-free vaccine who showed no adverse reactions in order to establish the fluorometric ELISA system to determine IgE antibody to gelatin and LPT.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ResultsThe lymphocyte activity against FreAlagin was much less than that to Wako gelatin and more than half of the subjects who reacted positively to Wako gelatin had a negative LPT to FreAlagin. Although 47% of the subjects had positive LPTs to FreAlagin, all but two still had lower SIs to FreAlagin compared with Wako gelatin.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionWe conclude that the antigenic activity of FreAlagin as measured by the cell-mediated immune response is significantly less than that of conventional bovine gelatin. However, it is still necessary to perform clinical trials to show a reduced or absent clinical reactivity to FreAlagin in sensitized patients to conventional gelatin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 7 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The chronotropic and inotropic effects of the anti-anginal agent SG-75 (2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate) and 1-verapamil were investigated in isolated blood-perfused canine atrial preparations. The compounds were administered via the cannulated sinus node artery.2. SG-75 induced a selective negative inotropic as opposed to a chronotropic effect. Verapamil showed no selective negative chronotropic or inotropic activity.3. Effects of SG-75 and 1-verapamil on the frequency-force relationship were studied. SG-75 produced a uniform depression of the developed tension at all frequencies tested which the depression with 1-verapamil was greater at higher than at lower frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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