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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Islet cell antibodies ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes ; Epstein-Barr virus ; peripheral blood lymphocytes ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Islet cell antibodies are usually detected in the sera of almost all Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients within several months after onset of the disease. The antibodies then disappear quite early during the course of the disease. The present study was undertaken to detect islet cell antibody-producing clones in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Type 1 diabetic patients whose islet cell antibodies could not be detected in sera. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes were employed to enhance the production of antibodies and to detect the clones from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from 40 islet cell antibody-negative Type 1 diabetic patients, 10 antibody-positive Type 1 diabetic patients, 30 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and 40 normal control subjects. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes were cultured for 4 weeks and the culture supernatants were used for assay of islet cell antibodies. Islet cell antibody assays were performed by immunohistochemical methods using peroxidase-labelled protein A for IgG antibodies, peroxidase-labelled anti-human IgM antibodies for IgM antibodies and fresh frozen human pancreatic tissue. IgG-islet cell antibodies were detected in 26 islet cell antibody-negative patients (65%), eight antibody-positive patients (80%) and one Type 2 diabetic patient (3%) in the culture supernatants. Islet cell antibodies in the supernatants could not be detected in any of the control subjects. IgM-islet cell antibodies could not be detected in any of the patients or control subjects. These findings indicate that islet cell antibody-producing clones exist in peripheral blood lymphocytes from Type 1 diabetic patients whose islet cell antibodies cannot be detected in their sera and IgG-islet cell antibodies might be a specific characteristic of Type 1 diabetes. The detection of islet cell antibodies from Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes may be useful in examining the role of autoimmune mechanisms in the development of disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; 64,000-Mr islet protein autoantibodies ; islet cell antibodies ; autoimmune thyroid disease ; long-term diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Autoantibodies to the 64,000-Mr (64K) islet cell protein, identified as glutamic acid decarboxylase, were assayed in 46 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with a disease duration of more than 5 years. Of 46 Type 1 diabetic patients, 18 (39.1 %) were found to be positive for 64K antibodies and 12 of these patients had been diagnosed with autoimmune thyroid disease. Serum C-peptide levels were not detectable in 15 of 18 patients positive for 64K antibodies. The samples were also tested for titres of islet cell antibodies. Islet cell antibodies were detected in 15 (32.6%) of the 46 patients and all the islet cell antibody positive patients were also found to be positive for 64K antibodies. Furthermore, of these 15 patients 12 had previously been diagnosed with autoimmune thyroid disease. A correlation between levels of 64K antibodies and islet cell antibody titre revealed that higher levels of 64K antibodies were observed in patients who had higher islet cell antibody titre. These results demonstrate that most long-term Type 1 diabetic patients with 64K antibodies were also positive for islet cell antibodies complicated by autoimmune thyroid disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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