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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1989-1991 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The objective of this paper is to describe the principles of digital complex demodulation, and to summarize its advantages with respect to rapid time response and insensitivity to noise. These advantages are demonstrated by application to interferometry data collected on the Texas experimental tokamak (TEXT).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We examined the effect of moderate hypothermia (30°C) on neuronal injury in murine cortical cell cultures. Lowering the temperature during and after a period of oxygen-glucose deprivation reduced both the release of glutamate to the bathing medium and accompanying neuronal degeneration. Hypothermia immediately after brief exposure to high concentrations of NMDA or glutamate also reduced the resulting neuronal degeneration. This protective effect was not eliminated when MK-801 and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione were added immediately after washout of the exogenously added excitotoxin, suggesting that it was mediated by actions additional to reduction of endogenous late glutamate release. Hypothermia applied only during exposure to NMDA or glutamate, whether brief or prolonged, did not reduce subsequent cytosolic calcium accumulation or neuronal degeneration, suggesting that the postsynaptic induction of NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity is not sensitive to temperature reduction. However, hypothermia during prolonged S-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid or kainate exposure did reduce neuronal degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 2 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We examined the neuroprotective actions of the glycine site N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, 7-chlorokynurenate, in murine neocortical cell cultures. Cultures exposed for 5 min to 100–500 μM NMDA in the absence of added glycine developed substantial neuronal degeneration over the next 24 h. The addition of 10 μM glycine did not increase submaximal NMDA-induced neuronal injury, suggesting that endogenous glycine levels were sufficient to saturate its receptor sites on NMDA receptor complexes. Addition of 3–300 μM 7-chlorokynurenate produced concentration-dependent reduction in this neuronal damage with an IC50 of approximately 30 μM. Some injury reduction was seen even if the drug was added after completion of the NMDA exposure. The protective effect of 100 μM 7-chlorokynurenate could be overcome by adding 10–1000 μM glycine (glycine median effective concentration (EC50) approximately 100 μM) or 1 mM D-serine. As predicted by its ability to block NMDA receptor-mediated injury, 10–300 μM 7-chlorokynurenate also produced concentration-dependent reduction in the neuronal loss induced by 50–60 min exposure to combined glucose and oxygen deprivation. These data support the suggestion that pharmacologic interference with the binding of glycine to the NMDA receptor complex represents a potentially effective approach to blocking NMDA receptor-induced neurotoxicity in ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Neuroscience 13 (1990), S. 171-182 
    ISSN: 0147-006X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 264 (2000), S. 145-153 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Dehydrin LEA D11 Multigene family Barley Freezing tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Dehydrins (DHNs; LEA D11) are one of the typical families of plant proteins that accumulate in response to dehydration, low temperature, osmotic stress or treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), or during seed maturation. We previously found that three genes encoding low-molecular-weight DHNs (Dhn1, Dhn2 and Dhn9) map within a 15-cM region of barley chromosome 5H that overlaps a QTL for winterhardiness, while other Dhn genes encoding low- and high-molecular-weight DHNs are located on chromosomes 3H, 4H and 6H. Here we examine the expression of specific Dhn genes under conditions associated with expression of the winterhardiness phenotype. Plants grown at 4°C or in the field in Riverside, California developed similar, modest levels of freezing tolerance, coinciding with little low-MW Dhn gene activity. Dicktoo (the more tolerant cultivar) and Morex (the less tolerant) grown in Saskatoon, Canada had higher levels of expression of genes for low-MW DHNs than did the same cultivars in Riverside, with expression being higher in Dicktoo than Morex. Dehydration or freeze-thaw also evoked expression of genes for low MW DHNs, suggesting that the dehydration component of freeze-thaw in the field induces expression of genes encoding low-MW DHNs. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the major chilling-induced DHNs help to prime plant cells for acclimation to more intense cold, which then involves adaptation to dehydration during freeze-thaw cycling. A role for chromosome 5H-encoded DHNs in acclimation to more intense cold seems possible, even though it is not the basis of the major heritable variation in winterhardiness within the Dicktoo × Morex population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 269 (1977), S. 342-344 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In addition, chlordiazepoxide mimics GABA in decreasing the firing rate of rat brain neurones6. These, and other, actions of benzodiazepines are blocked by the GABA antagonists, picro-toxin and/or bicuculline. Precise interpretation of such indirect evidence is difficult in view of the complexity ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Dehydrin ; Multigene family ; LEA ; COR ; RAB ; Barley ; Triticeae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Dehydrins (LEA D11 proteins) have been identified in both higher and lower plants, and are associated with tolerance to, or response to the onset of, low temperature or dehydration. Several studies have suggested that specific alleles of Dhn genes may contribute to a number of phenotypic traits, including the emergence of seedlings in cool or saline soils and the frost tolerance of more-mature plants. However, an incomplete collection of the Dhn multigene family in any system and nucleic acid cross-hybridization between Dhn gene-family members have limited the precision of these studies. We attempted to overcome these impediments by determining the nucleotide sequences of the entire Dhn multigene family in barley and by developing gene-specific probes. We identified 11 unique Dicktoo Dhn genes. Seven appear to be alleles of Dhn genes identified previously in other barley cultivars. Another, Dhn9, appears to be orthologous to a Triticum durum Dhn gene. A statistical analysis of the total collection of genomic clones brings the estimated size of the barley Dhn gene family to 13. Allelic differences in the protein-coding regions appear to result principally from duplications of entire Φ-segments or single amino-acid substitutions, suggesting that polypeptide structural constraints have been a strong force in the evolution of Dhn alleles. Chromosome mapping by PCR with wheat-barley addition lines established the presence of Dhn genes in four barley chromosomes (3H, 4H, 5H, 6H). RT-PCR demonstrated that the Dhn genes are differentially regulated under dehydration, low temperature and ABA treatment, consistent with putative regulatory elements located upstream of the respective Dhn coding regions. This whole-genome, gene-specific study unifies what previously seemed to be disparate-mapping, expression, and genetic-variation data for Dhn genes in the Triticeae and other plant systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 1274-1278 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library ; Dehydrin ; DHN ; Embryo-specific expression ; Hordeum vulgare
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Dehydrins are water-soluble lipid-associating proteins that accumulate during low-temperature or water-deficit conditions, and are thought to play a role in freezing- and drought-tolerance in plants. Dhn genes exist as multi-gene families in plants. Previously, we screened lambda genomic libraries of two barley cultivars in an effort to isolate all of the barley Dhn genes. We identified 11 unique Dhn genes and estimated a total of 13 Dhn genes in the barley genome. To extend the collection, we used an alternative source of clones, a 1.5×Morex barley BAC library. In this library, we found nine Dhn genes that we described previously and one new Dhn gene, Dhn12. The Dhn12 gene encodes an acidic YSK2 dehydrin. The Dhn12 gene is located on chromosome 6H, and shows a different expression pattern from all other Dhn genes identified previously. RT-PCR results show that Dhn12 expression is embryo-specific. Dhn12 is not expressed in seedling shoots under any of the conditions tested, including non-stressed as well as dehydrated, or cold-, ABA- or NaCl-treated seedlings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 350-354 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Dehydrin ; Dhn ; Hordeum vulgare ; PCR-based mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We previously identified 11 unique barley Dhn genes and found, using wheat-barley addition lines, that these genes are dispersed on four chromosomes 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H. In the present work, more precise positions of barley Dhn genes were determined using gene-specific PCR and 100 doubled haploid lines developed from a cross of Dicktoo and Morex barley. Dhn10 is located on 3H between saflp106 and ABG4. Dhn6 is at the previously determined position on 4H between SOLPRO and BCD265a. Dhn1 and Dhn2 are at the previously determined position on 5H between mR and saflp172. The Dhn locus previously called Dhn4a on barley 5H or Dhn2.2 on T. monococcum 5A is in fact Dhn9 and maps to a revised position between BCD265b and saflp218. Dhn3, Dhn4, Dhn7 and Dhn5 each map to the same position on chromosome 6H, suggesting that the previously reported separation of Dhn3, Dhn4 and Dhn5 may reflect limitations in the accuracy of Southern blot data. In addition to clarifying the map positions of these important stress-related genes, these results illustrate the advantage of gene-specific probes for the mapping of individual genes in a multi-gene family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0178-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Korean food wastes were anaerobically digested to produce volatile fatty acids (VFA) that can be used as a carbon source in biological nutrient removal in a sequential batch reactor (SBR). Acetate, propionate and butyrate were produced at a yield of 379–400 g VFA/kg VS0 (initial volatile solids). The ratio of SCOD (Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand) of VFA to ammonia nitrogen (N) was in the range of 36.2–36.5 and the ratio of SCOD to phosphorus was between 151 and 162. The removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus improved from 44% and 37% to 92% and 73%, respectively when the VFA were added to the influent of the Taejon municipal wastewater plant. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus were maintained below 3 mg/l and 1 mg/l, respectively. The N- and P-content of the food waste was low enough not to influence the final N- and P-concentrations of the wastewater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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