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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opioids, NSAIDs and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors act synergistically in brain via arachidonic acid metabolism (1999)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 48 (1999), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Opioid — NSAID — 5-Lipoxygenase — Arachidonic acid — Pain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We have established that μ-opioid receptor activation causes a presynaptic inhibition of neurotransmitter release that is mediated by 12-lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in midbrain neurons [1]. We further demonstrated that the efficacy of opioids was enhanced synergistically by treatment of brain neurons with inhibitors of the other major enzymes responsible for arachidonic acid metabolism; cyclooxygenase (COX-1) and 5-lipoxygenase. These findings explain a mechanism of analgesic action of NSAIDs in the central nervous system that is both independent of prostanoid release and inhibited by opioid antagonists, as well as the synergistic interaction of opioids with NSAIDs. These findings also suggest new avenues for development of centrally active medications involving combinations of lowered doses of opioids and specific 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050367
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Excitotoxin Lesions in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex on Cortical and Subcortical Catecholamine Turnover in the Rat (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Catecholamine turnover in brain areas innervated by dopaminergic neurons was examined 2, 6, and 12 days after bilateral, N-methyl-D-aspartate lesions confined to the rat medial prefrontal cortex. The lesion produced a significant regional increase in the concentration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (DA, dopamine) in both the medial prefrontal cortex and the ventral tegmental area. DA concentrations were increased in the nucleus accumbens on day 6 (128% of control), in the ventral tegmental area on day 2 (130% of control), and in the medial prefrontal cortex on days 2 (145% of control) and 6 (127% of control). The only significant changes in the concentration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) (197% of control), and in the ratio DOPAC/DA (163% of control) were found in the medial prefrontal cortex on day 6 post-lesion. All parameters had returned to control levels by day 12. DA depletion after the administration of α-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) was not significantly different between excitotoxin-lesioned and sham animals on day 6 in all brain regions. Noradrenaline (NA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol concentrations and their ratios, and the depletion of noradrenaline after AMPT were also determined, and the lesion resulted in a significant regional increase in NA in both the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tegmental area. An elevation of NA (147% of control) in the nucleus accumbens was found on day 12. Since the excitotoxin lesion destroys corticofugal efferents from medial prefrontal cortex to the nucleus accumbens, the anterior corpus striatum and the ventral tegmental area, our results provide no evidence for a role of these cortical projections in the regulation of subcortical DA metabolism. Corticofugal efferents from the medial prefrontal cortex do appear to exert a modulatory effect over NA stores of the nucleus accumbens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00799.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Excitant Amino Acid Projection from the Medial Prefrontal Cortex to the Anterior Part of Nucleus Accumbens in the Rat (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 45 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: High-affinity uptake of neurotransmitter substrates in synaptosome-containing homogenates and tissue concentrations of amino acids were examined in subcortical areas 5–6 days after bilateral N-methyl-D-aspartate lesions confined to rat medial prefrontal cortex. D-[3H]Aspartate (32% of control) and [3H]γ-aminobutyric acid ([3H]GABA) (60% of control) uptakes were significantly reduced in medial prefrontal cortex, whereas [3H]choline (110% of control) uptake was unchanged, suggesting the production of axon-sparing lesions. The uptake of D-[3H]aspartate (76% of control), but not of [3H]GABA or [3H]choline, was significantly reduced in nucleus accumbens, with no concomitant reduction in amino acid concentrations. When examined in serial coronal sections, reduced D-[3H]aspartate uptake was confined to the most anterior 500 μm of nucleus accumbens (67% of contralateral sample). No significant reductions of uptake or amino acid concentrations were observed in caudate putamen or ventral tegmental area. These results suggest a role for glutamate or aspartate as neurotransmitters in projections from medial prefrontal cortex to anterior nucleus accumbens. Medial prefrontal cortex may represent the major excitatory cortical input to the nucleus accumbens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb04013.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic haloperidol and adrenergic receptor sensitivity in the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 57 (1983), S. 13-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Supersensitive ; noradrenaline receptor ; neuroleptics ; dopamine ; tyramine ; chronic haloperidol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats were administered haloperidol (3–4 mg/kg/day) in their drinking water for 42 days, and experiments conducted on the seventh day of withdrawal. Anaesthetized haloperidol treated rats exhibited a similar mean blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) response to control rats when challenged with phenylephrine (IV). When similarly pretreated rats were challenged with one of four possible doses of clonidine (IV), haloperidol treated rats were less sensitive than control rats to clonidine's hypertensive action, but there were no effects of treatment on the hypotensive (BP) effect of clonidine nor on its bradycardic effect. When one of six possible doses of tyramine was administered a similar mean BP response was seen in both treatment groups, but the positive HR response in the haloperidol-treated group was much less than in the vehicle-treated group. Atria isolated from haloperidol treated or control rats revealed a similar chronotropic response to noradrenaline and tyramine challenge. These data indicate that chronic haloperidol does not cause a generalized change inα-adrenergic receptor sensitivity. Nevertheless, it is clear that haloperidol has produced changes in the cardiovascular response of rats to these drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01250044
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How opioids inhibit GABA-mediated neurotransmission (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 390 (1997), S. 611-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The midbrain region periaqueductal grey (PAG) is rich in opioid receptors and endogenous opioids and is a major target of analgesic action in the central nervous system. It has been proposed that the analgesic effect of opioids on the PAG works by suppressing the inhibitory influence of the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/37610
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic L-Dopa treatment of rats and mice does not change the sensitivity of post-synaptic dopamine receptors (1983)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 324 (1983), S. 271-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: L-Dopa ; Dopamine receptors ; Receptor sensitivity ; Chronic ; Postsynaptic ; Autoreceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of L-Dopa + benserazide (L-Dopa + B) treatment on pre- and postsynaptic dopamine (DA) receptors were studied. Mice treated once daily P.O. with L-Dopa (200 mg/kg)+B (50 mg/kg) or vehicle for 10 days were used on the 11th day. After premedication with reserpine and alpha-methyltyrosine (alpha-MT), apomorphine (0.5–2.0 mg/kg) produced locomotor stimulation which was of equal intensity in the 3 treatment groups, even when the treatment dose of L-Dopa was increased to 400 mg/kg per day. In contrast, low doses of apomorphine (0.1–0.5 mg/kg) produced locomotor depression in B- and vehicle-treated mice but not in L-Dopa + B-treated mice. In rats treated I.P. twice daily with L-Dopa (200 mg/kg) + (50 mg/kg), B (50 mg/kg) or vehicle for 12 days, apomorphine produced an equivalent degree of stereotypy on the 13th day in each of the 3 treatment groups. There were no treatment group differences in the binding of [3H]-spiperone or [3H]-leuenkephalin to rat striatal membranes. The data suggest that long-term L-Dopa + B treatment of mice and rats does not change the sensitivity of postsynaptic DA receptors but may affect the sensitivity of DA autoreceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502622
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    No evidence for a protracted change in endogenous opioid activity following chronic opiate treatment in mice: parallel recovery of cross tolerance to stress and morphine antinociception (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 82 (1984), S. 378-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Opiate ; Withdrawal ; Stress ; Morphine ; Methadone ; Endorphins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The involvement of central endogenous opioids in swim-induced antinociception in mice is well documented. The response is attenuated by central or systemic naloxone, displays two-way cross tolerance with morphine and is correlated with apparent occupation of central opiate receptors by endogenous ligands. Swim-induced antinociception was utilised as an in vivo model of endogenous opioid function to investigate a possible protracted functional change in endogenous opioid release or inactivation following chronic opiate treatment. Antinociceptive responses (tailflick latency) to morphine (4.4 mg/kg, SC) and swimming were determined at various times following chronic methadone (24 days treatment, 102 mg/kg day in drinking water for the last 20 days) and chronic morphine (1 g/kg sustained release) treatment. In both experiments, parallel recovery from cross tolerance was observed for morphine-and swim-induced antinociception. These results were consistent with the view that no protracted functional change in the release or inactivation of endogenous opioids had occurred following chronic opiate treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427689
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reproducibility of the Childhood Asthma Questionnaires: measures of quality of life for children with asthma aged 4–16 years (1994)
    Springer
    Quality of life research 3 (1994), S. 215-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: Asthma ; children ; quality of life ; reproducibility of results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the internal consistency and reproducibility of the Childhood Asthma Questionnaires, measures of quality of life and symptom distress in paediatric asthma. A total of 535 children aged 4–16 years completed age appropriate forms of the questionnaire, over 1-or 3-week intervals. Pearson correlation coefficients between 0.63 and 0.84 for subscales of the questionnaires indicated good test-retest reliability while intraclass correlation coefficients in a very similar range showed that scores also remained at the same level on the two occasions. Comparisons between children with asthma and healthy non-asthmatics indicate that these are likely to be true estimates of stability. Internal consistency varied widely but was higher for older children and longer subscales. Implications of the findings for the use of the questionnaires in the evaluation of new asthma treatments are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435387
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Health-related quality of life in Australian children with asthma: lessons for the cross-cultural use of quality of life instruments (1998)
    Springer
    Quality of life research 7 (1998), S. 409-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: Asthma; ; children; ; quality of life; ; questionnaires; ; cross-cultural research.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development of Australian forms of the Childhood Asthma Questionnaires (CAQs) is reported. Focus group methods and psychometric analyses were used to establish the conceptual, semantic and technical equivalence of these forms with the UK versions. Both versions also provide for data collection from non-asthmatic youngsters. The internal consistency was found to be acceptable (Cronbach's α 0.52–0.90) and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores were found to vary with asthma severity (p〈0.05). Comparison with the UK data revealed that the non-asthmatic scores were higher for Australian than British children (p〈0.001) but that the scores for children with asthma did not differ between the two countries. It was only in the Australian sample that the group with asthma reported impaired HRQoL when compared to their healthy peers. These findings were interpreted in the context of cultural expectations of life quality and conclusions are presented regarding the importance of the gap between experience and expectations. The difficulties raised by the developmental and cultural issues inherent in paediatric HRQoL research were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008805903785
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