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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The aluminum–polyimide interface: An electron-induced vibrational spectroscopy approach (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 3353-3362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Clean polyimide films spin-coated onto gold substrate have been fully characterized by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS): 19 electron-induced vibrational bands could be resolved and assigned by comparison with IR spectroscopy. The attribution of these peaks constitutes a firm and necessary basis for the detailed study of the incipient interface formation with aluminum at room temperature. The metal being evaporated at a low rate from a Knudsen effusion cell, its equivalent coverage on the polymer could be monitored very efficiently and allowed a clear distinction between three reaction steps: (i) at an Al coverage below 4×1014 Al atom/cm2, the aluminum atoms interact only with the C–O carbonyl in the polymer to form a C–O–metal complex; (ii) between 4 and 10×1014 atom/cm2, no further Al "reaction'' occurs, but the appearance of new CH and OH stretching bands is attributed to bond breaking in the polymer and diffusion of the residues towards the surface; (iii) after further metal evaporation, all the peaks reduce in intensity and the observation of a ν(Al–O) [or ν(Al–C) band] testifies the formation of an aluminum oxide (or carbide) at the surface. Although no dedicated theory can be invoked up to now for the interpretation of HREELS data collected with different electron impact energies and under different scattering geometries, the spectra measured from polyimide before and after aluminum condensation are consistent with a modification of the geometry of the polymer monomeric unit after bonding with the metallic atoms. The metallized polymer surface appears with an equal statistical spatial distribution of all the chemical groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.453930
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic structure of polyimide (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a valence effective Hamiltonian (VEH) electronic structure calculation on the polyimide poly[N,N'-bis(phenoxyphenyl)-pyromellitimide], also called PMDA (pyromellitic dianhydride)–ODA (oxydianiline). The most important result is that the valence electronic bands are calculated to be very narrow, even though the calculation is performed on a perfectly stereoregular chain. For instance, the highest 35 occupied valence bands (i.e., the electronic bands with binding energies lower than 18 eV) have widths smaller than 0.25 eV. That result implies that even small disorder effects will tend to strongly localize the electronic processes in polyimide. From the band structure, we calculate the density of valence states and produce a theoretical simulation of the UPS spectrum. Good agreement with the recently published UPS experimental spectrum is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.452615
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterotopic ectopic and intrauterine pregnancy after embryo replacement (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 100 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb15145.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron vibrational spectroscopy of thin polyimide films (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 6739-6749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe high resolution electron energy loss (HREELS) and UV-photoemission (UPS) measurements performed to investigate the vibrational and electronic surface and interfacial properties of thin insulating polymer films. The measurements were performed in ultrahigh vacuum on PMDA–ODA films of thicknesses ∼30–50 and ∼1000 A(ring) which were spun onto silicon or onto metallic substrates and on thin PMMA films deposited on metallic substrates. The general characteristics of our HREELS spectra are weak, diffuse electron scattering and broad vibrational bands which we have assigned by comparison to infrared absorption data. Cooling the polymer films which were spun onto Si substrates to ∼100 K resulted in a uniform reduction of the overall spectral broadening. This additional inelastic scattering contributing to the broadening appears to originate at the PMDA–ODA/Si interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451405
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of Ziegler-Natta polymerization of acetylene: a nutation NMR study (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 105 (1983), S. 7787-7789 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00364a076
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bis(p-nitrophenyl)butadiyne (1979)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 35 (1979), S. 1519-1521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567740879006956
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The crystal and molecular structure of 2,4-hexadiynylene bis(p-chlorobenzenesulfonate) (1978)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 34 (1978), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567740878002484
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 2 (1992), S. 455-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00701118
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A differential scanning calorimeter study of the crystal forms and polymerization kinetics of 2,4-hexadiynyl-1,6-bis(p-toluenesulfonate) (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 16 (1978), S. 1355-1364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermal properties of 2,4-hexadiynyl-1,6-bis(p-toluenesulfonate) have been explored by program temperature and isothermal differential calorimetry. The heat of fusion for the rapidly heated pure solid was 8254 cal/mole (34,540 J/mole) at 367.1°K (93.8°C). This amounts to an entropy change of 22.5 cal/mole °K (94.1 J/mole °K). The energy of activation for the thermal polymerizations was 18.97 kcal/mole (79.37 kJ/mole). The thermal polymerization appears to follow a solid-solid phase transition which proceeds by random homogeneous nucleation throughout the process. The kinetics were simple first order over 70% of the reaction. Programmed temperature studies indicate that during the first 10% of the polymerization a new high temperature (mp 375.4°K) solid phase is formed which acts as the monomer form during the bulk of the reaction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1978.180160802
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(P-phenylene sulfide) hexafluoroarsenate: A novel conducting polymer (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 20 (1982), S. 117-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) is a melt- and solution-processible polymer which on treatment with AsF5 forms a blue-black material with a conductivity of 1-10 Ω-1 cm-1. Thermopower measurements indicate that the resulting polymer is p type, consistent with partial oxidation of the PPS by the AsF5. The rate and extent of this doping process prove to be particularly sensitive to the degree of crystallinity of the starting polymer. There is also evidence of crosslinking of the polymer chains during the reaction with AsF5. The details of both the chemistry and physics of the doping of PPS and several of its derivatives are presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.180200110
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