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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-5010
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 59 (1937), S. 2353-2353 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions Abrupt changes in flow path, motion, elevated temperatures, metal ion contamination, impure insulin formulations, CO2 diffusion, pH drop, dissimilar metal pump components, salt concentration, inappropriate diluents, elevated temperatures, refrigeration temperatures, processing, insulin heterogeneity, and buffering systems have been implicated to a greater or lesser extent in the plugging of insulin delivery devices. Before the rate at which insulin loses its biological activity in delivery systems can be assessed it is obvious that anti-aggregating diluents must be developed and subjected to long-term testing both in vitro and in vivo. Until such stable homogenous formulations are available the knowledge presented in this article will serve to decrease, but not eliminate, the problem of insulin aggregation in delivery systems. Further experiments are in progress and preliminary results [41] provide evidence that the problems cited are not without resolution. In this regard serum apparently contains factor(s) that promote the dissolution of insulin and prevent the formation of peptide aggregates in dilute solutions [41]. Many laboratories are now working to resolve the problem of insulin aggregation in artificial delivery devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words:Polistes, epicuticular hydrocarbons, nestmate recognition, discriminant analysis, colony signature.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: An experimental analysis was conducted to determine if chemicals from the cuticle of a social wasp are used in nestmate recognition. These chemicals were also subsequently identified. Laboratory colonies of Polistes biglumis bimaculatus were presented with (1) dead nestmates and dead non‐nestmates, (2) dead nestmates and dead non‐nestmates that were subjected to solvent‐washing to eliminate epicuticular compounds and (3) dead nestmates and dead non‐nestmates that were treated again with extracts of nestmates or non-nestmates. Behavioural responses (acceptance or rejection of introduced wasps) by colony residents showed that they were able to discriminate between dead nestmates and dead non‐nestmates and that they used epicuticular substances to perform the discrimination process. The GC‐MS analyses of the epicuticular compounds showed that they consisted of a blend of hydrocarbons. Multivariate analysis of individual hydrocarbon profiles of wasps from different colonies showed that colonies had distinct hydrocarbon profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Hydrocarbons ; nestmate recognition ; chemical communication ; contact chemoreception ; Camponotus vagus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To test whether a change in a worker's cuticular mixture is perceived by other workers in aCamponotus vagus colony, (Z)-9-tricosene, a hydrocarbon which is not synthesized by this species, was dissolved in an organic solvent (pentane) and deposited on the worker's cuticle. Each treated worker was then placed in contact with 5 non-treated workers and the behavioural effects were investigated. The following interactions were analysed: antennations, trophallactic contacts, self-grooming, licking, mandible opening and biting. Detailed analysis of the antennations and mandible openings showed that the non-treated workers did in fact perceive the induced change in the chemical signature of the treated worker. The data suggest, however, that the non-treated workers quickly became habituated to the presence of (Z)-9-tricosene on the cuticle of the treated worker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 150-154 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Soman ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Mice ; HI-6 ; Atropine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Initially, mice were pretreated with atropine (17.4 mg/kg; IP) and the oxime reactivator HI-6 (50 mg/kg; IP) 5 min prior to an injection of soman (287 μg/kg, SC); approximately 2.1 × LD50 dose). More than 95% of the mice survived this dose of soman with atropine and HI-6 pretreatment. In these survivors of soman poisoning the return of the soman LD50 value to control value (124 μg/kg, SC) was determined at various times after the initial soman exposure. Mice which survived exposure to a lethal dose of soman by pretreatment with atropine and HI-6 were sensitized to the lethal effects of soman upon re-exposure. The SC soman LD50 at 4 h, after surviving the initial soman exposure, was 20 μg/kg. The normal soman LD50 (as evidenced by a LD50 value which was not significantly different from the control value) returned within 4 days, at which time there was still extensive acetylcholinesterase inhibition in all brain regions (striatum, pons-medulla, cerebellum, hypothalamus, hippocampus), diaphragm and erythrocytes. Serum carboxylesterase recovered to control levels within 48 h, whereas liver carboxylesterase activity was not inhibited following the initial soman exposure. The results demonstrate that there is an excess of acetylcholinesterase which is required for normal response in the toxicological sense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: HI−6 ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Organophosphate poisoning ; Atropine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A comparison of the chemical purity, toxicology and potency of HI-6 (1-[[[4-(aminocarbonyl)pyridinio]methoxy]methyl]-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-pyridinium dichloride) obtained from various sources (Canada, Israel, Yugoslavia, The Netherlands, United Kingdom) was performed. There were no significant differences between HI-6 obtained from Israel, Yugoslavia, The Netherlands and Canada regarding their potency, when combined with atropine, as an antidote of organophosphate poisoning. HI-6 obtained from the United Kingdom was significantly more toxic and less potent than any of the other HI−6 samples. In addition, the results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between HI−6 prepared as a laboratory batch and HI−6 prepared commercially with regards to chemical purity, toxicology or potency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 91-93 (Jan. 1992), p. 295-299 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc
    Experimental dermatology 13 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to provide a model for in vitro studies of the interactions between skin and the nervous system, we have performed a co-culture of epidermal cells and neurons. We used a tri-compartmented box with separated domains. In the central part of this box, we put an epidermal suspension (4 millions cells/ml) obtained from biopsies of human skin. Around this central domain, we disposed sensorial neurons from the dorsal root ganglia of rats. The periphery was occupied by neurons from the dorsal horn of spinal cord. Sensorial neurons grew in low density (500 cells), on a glial layer, in a medium conditioned by astrocytes. After 15 days of culture, cells were fixed and stained with monoclonal antibodies directed against PGP 9.5, keratins, or cytokeratin 20 (Merkel cells). We obtained a co-culture with three identifiable territories, equivalents of epidermis, root ganglia, and spinal cord. Nervous fibers specifically grew from the sensorial neurons to epidermal cells or to the spinal cord equivalent. We observed synapse-like contacts between nerve endings and Merkel cells or keratinocytes. This model allows us to reconstruct in vitro an equivalent of sensitive nerve fibers, connected for one part to a spinal cord equivalent and on the other part to an epidermis equivalent. Such a model could be used to understand the origin and the function of Merkel cells in the epidermis and to study synapses in the skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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